Hechos 4

VBL · Chapter 4/28

1Mientras hablaban a la gente, los sacerdotes, el capitán del Templo y los saduceos llegaron donde ellos estaban.

2Estaban enojados porque ellos estaban enseñándole a la gente, diciéndoles que por medio de Jesús hay resurrección de la muerte.

3Entonces los arrestaron y los pusieron bajo custodia hasta el día siguiente, pues ya era de noche.

4Pero muchos de los que habían escuchado el mensaje lo creyeron, y el número total de creyentes aumentó hasta cerca de cinco mil.

5El día siguiente, los gobernantes, los ancianos y los líderes religiosos se reunieron en Jerusalén.

6E incluyeron al Sumo Sacerdote Anás, Caifás, Juan, Alejandro y a otros miembros de la familia de sacerdotes.

7Y trajeron a Pedro y a Juan delante de ellos, y les preguntaron: “¿Con qué poder o autoridad han hecho esto?”

8Entonces Pedro, lleno del Espíritu Santo, les respondió. “Gobernantes del pueblo, y ancianos:

9¿Se nos está interrogando por un bien que se le hizo a un hombre que no podía hacer nada por sí mismo, y cómo fue sanado?

10Si es así, todos ustedes deben saber, y todo el pueblo de Nazaret también, que fue en el nombre de Jesucristo de Nazaret, al que ustedes mataron en una cruz y a quien Dios levantó de los muertos. Es gracias a él que este hombre está en pie delante de ustedes, completamente sanado.

11‘Él es la piedra que ustedes los constructores rechazaron, pero ha sido puesta como piedra angular’.

12No hay salvación en ningún otro; no hay otro nombre debajo del cielo, dado a la humanidad, que pueda salvarnos”.

13Cuando vieron la confianza de Pedro y Juan, y se dieron cuenta de que eran hombres sin instrucción, hombres comunes, se sorprendieron mucho. También reconocieron a los demás compañeros de Jesús.

14Y como veían al hombre que había sido sanado justo ahí junto a ellos, no tuvieron nada que decir en respuesta a lo que había sucedido.

15Entonces les dieron orden de esperar fuera del concilio mientras debatían el asunto entre ellos.

16“¿Qué debemos hacer con estos hombres?” preguntaron. “No podemos negar que por medio de ellos ha ocurrido un milagro importante. Todos los que viven aquí en Jerusalén saben de ello.

17Pero para evitar que se difunda mucho más entre la gente, debemos amenazarlos para que no vuelvan a hablarle a nadie en este nombre”.

18Entonces los llamaron para que entraran nuevamente y les dieron orden de no volver a hablar o enseñar en el nombre de Jesús.

19Pero Pedro y Juan respondieron: “Decidan ustedes si es correcto ante los ojos de Dios obedecerlos a ustedes antes que a él.

20¡No podemos dejar de hablar sobre lo que hemos visto y oído!”

21Después de proferir más amenazas contra ellos, los dejaron ir. No pudieron resolver cómo podían castigarlos porque todos glorificaban a Dios por lo que había ocurrido.

22Porque el hombre que había recibido este milagro tenía más de cuarenta años de edad.

23Después de que los discípulos fueron liberados, fueron donde estaban otros creyentes y les contaron todo lo que los jefes de los sacerdotes y los ancianos les habían dicho.

24Cuando estos oyeron lo que había sucedido, oraron juntos a Dios:

25Tú hablaste por medio del Espíritu Santo a través de David, nuestro padre y tu siervo, diciendo: ‘¿Por qué se enojaron los pueblos de otras naciones? ¿Por qué conspiran insensatamente contra mí?

26Los reyes de la tierra se prepararon para la guerra; los gobernantes se unieron contra el Señor y contra su Escogido’.

27“¡Ahora esto en verdad ha sucedido aquí, en esta misma ciudad! Tanto Herodes como Poncio Pilato, junto con los extranjeros y el pueblo de Israel, unidos todos contra el Santo, tu santo siervo Jesús, a quien tú ungiste como Mesías.

28Ellos hicieron todo lo que tú ya habías decidido porque tú tuviste el poder y la voluntad para hacerlo.

29“Ahora Señor: ¡mira todas sus amenazas contra nosotros! Ayuda a tus siervos a predicar tu palabra con valor.

30Y que al ejercer tu poder para sanar, las señales y milagros sean hechos en el nombre de tu santo siervo Jesús”.

31Cuando terminaron de orar, la edificación donde estaban reunidos tembló. Y todos ellos fueron llenos del Espíritu Santo, y predicaban con valor la palabra de Dios.

32Todos los creyentes tenían un mismo pensar y un mismo sentir. Ninguno de ellos consideraba nada como suyo sino que compartían todas las cosas unos con otros.

33Los apóstoles daban su testimonio respecto a la resurrección del Señor Jesús con gran poder, y Dios los bendecía a todos en gran manera.

34Y ninguno de ellos necesitaba nada porque los que tenían tierras o propiedades las vendieron.

35Entonces tomaron las ganancias y las llevaron a los apóstoles para compartirlas con los que tenían necesidad.

36José, al que los apóstoles llamaban Bernabé (que quiere decir “hijo de la consolación”), era un Levita, nativo de Chipre.

37Este vendió un campo que era suyo. Luego trajo el dinero y lo presentó a los apóstoles.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Peter and John are arrested by the religious leaders for preaching the resurrection, but boldly defend their faith before the Sanhedrin. Released, they return to the community, which prays and remains united, sharing everything.

Explanation

The Sadducees, who didn't believe in the resurrection, were especially troubled by the apostolic message. The Sanhedrin recognizes the authority of the message even while seeing that Peter and John were 'unschooled, ordinary men,' showing that their transformation came from having 'been with Jesus,' not from formal education. Peter's statement — 'we must obey God rather than men' — became a central principle for persecuted Christians throughout history. The sharing of goods described at the end of the chapter wasn't mandatory communism, but voluntary generosity in the face of fellow believers' needs.

Fun facts

  • The Sanhedrin was the supreme Jewish court, with 71 members among priests, elders, and scribes — the same council that had judged Jesus just weeks earlier.
  • Annas and Caiaphas, mentioned here, are the same high priests involved in Jesus' trial in the Gospels, showing the continuity of religious opposition to the Christian movement.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Hechos 4:1The Sadducees were a Jewish religious group tied to the wealthiest priestly families, who did not believe in the resurrection of the dead. That is why they become troubled when the apostles announce the resurrection of Jesus.
  2. Hechos 4:2The priests and Sadducees become troubled specifically because of the message of the resurrection, since the Sadducees, as a religious group, did not believe in life after death.
  3. Hechos 4:3Peter and John are arrested and held until the next day simply because it was already late, showing a practical detail of the judicial process of the time.
  4. Hechos 4:4Despite the leaders’ arrest, the preaching had already convinced many people: the text marks a jump in the number of believers, reaching about five thousand men.
  5. Hechos 4:5The next day, the chief religious authorities of Jerusalem gather—rulers, elders, and scribes—forming the same kind of council (the Sanhedrin) that had tried Jesus before.
  6. Hechos 4:6Annas had been high priest before and remained influential even after losing the official office to his son-in-law Caiaphas; that is why both names appear together. This is the same Caiaphas from Jesus’ trial.
  7. Hechos 4:7Set in the middle of the council, Peter and John are questioned about the source of the authority used to heal the lame man: by what power, or in whose name, they had done it.
  8. Hechos 4:8Peter answers filled with the Holy Spirit, without hesitation, before the same authorities who had condemned Jesus a short time before.
  9. Hechos 4:9Peter notes the irony of the situation: they are being tried precisely for having done a good deed, healing a sick man, not for any crime.
  10. Hechos 4:10Peter uses the interrogation as an opportunity to preach: he declares openly that the healing happened in the name of Jesus, the very one the leaders present there had ordered crucified.
  11. Hechos 4:11The image of the rejected stone comes from a psalm, about a stone discarded by the builders that ends up becoming the most important piece of the building. Peter applies this to Jesus, rejected by the authorities but essential to God’s plan.
  12. Hechos 4:12This is Peter’s most direct statement about Jesus as the only way of salvation, spoken right in front of the same council that had condemned Jesus to death.
  13. Hechos 4:13“Unlearned and ignorant men” means that Peter and John had no formal training in rabbinic schools—they were fishermen. The council’s astonishment is precisely at seeing people without that training speaking with such confidence.
  14. Hechos 4:14With no argument to counter it, the council is left without options because the very man who had been healed was standing right there, living proof of what Peter was saying.
  15. Hechos 4:15The authorities order Peter and John to leave the room so they can discuss the case privately, away from the ears of the accused.
  16. Hechos 4:16Among themselves, the leaders admit they cannot deny the miracle, since it was known to everyone in Jerusalem; their only problem was how to contain the fallout.
  17. Hechos 4:17The solution they find is to threaten Peter and John so they stop speaking about Jesus, trying to keep the news from spreading any further.
  18. Hechos 4:18The council formally orders the two of them to stop speaking or teaching at all in the name of Jesus, a direct ban they are about to defy right afterward.
  19. Hechos 4:19Peter and John answer with a rhetorical question, putting it to the judges themselves to decide whether it is right to obey men rather than obey God.
  20. Hechos 4:20Their justification is simple: they cannot stop speaking about what they have personally seen and heard, referring to the resurrection and the teachings of Jesus.
  21. Hechos 4:21The council releases them without punishment because it finds no legal grounds, and also out of fear of the people’s reaction, since everyone was praising God for the miracle.
  22. Hechos 4:22Luke highlights the age of the healed man, over forty years old, making clear that this was not a recent problem, nor one easy to fake or exaggerate.
  23. Hechos 4:23As soon as they are released, Peter and John return to the group of believers and report everything the chief priests and elders had said and threatened.
  24. Hechos 4:24The community reacts to the threat not with fear but with a united prayer, beginning by acknowledging God as the maker of everything, from heaven to earth to the sea.
  25. Hechos 4:25The prayer quotes a psalm attributed to David that speaks of nations raging and peoples plotting vain things against God, used here as a picture of the persecution they were suffering.
  26. Hechos 4:26The quotation continues: kings and rulers uniting against the Lord and against “his Christ”—the Messiah—applied directly to the alliance between Jewish and Roman authorities against Jesus.
  27. Hechos 4:27The prayer names those actually responsible for Jesus’ death: Herod, Pontius Pilate, the Gentiles themselves (the Romans), and the people of Israel, all gathered together against Him.
  28. Hechos 4:28Even with so many humans responsible, the prayer affirms that everything happened within the plan God had already determined beforehand, without removing the responsibility of those who acted.
  29. Hechos 4:29Instead of asking for protection or revenge against the threats, the community’s request is for courage to keep speaking the message with boldness.
  30. Hechos 4:30Along with courage, they ask that God keep confirming the message with healings and signs done in the name of Jesus, like what had just happened with the lame man.
  31. Hechos 4:31The answer is immediate and physical: the very place where they were gathered shakes, and everyone is filled with the Holy Spirit, going on to speak with even greater boldness.
  32. Hechos 4:32The idea of having all things in common repeats what already appeared in chapter 2: the first Christians of Jerusalem shared their possessions voluntarily, driven by generosity and the sense of living through a special moment, not by a permanent rule.
  33. Hechos 4:33The apostles keep publicly testifying about the resurrection of Jesus with great power, and the text describes “great grace” upon the whole community.
  34. Hechos 4:34No one in the community was in need, because those who owned lands or houses sold them voluntarily to help the other members.
  35. Hechos 4:35The money from the sales was handed over to the apostles, who distributed it according to each person’s actual need, not in fixed equal shares.
  36. Hechos 4:36“Barnabas” was a nickname given by the apostles, meaning something like “son of consolation,” or encourager. He was a native of Cyprus, a Jew of the diaspora who later became Paul’s traveling companion.
  37. Hechos 4:37Barnabas, introduced in the previous verse, becomes the first named example of this generosity: he sells a piece of land, following the same pattern described for the whole community.

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