Hechos 10

VBL · Chapter 10/28

1En Cesarea vivía un hombre llamado Cornelio, quien era un centurión romano del ejército italiano.

2Este era un hombre devoto que, junto con todos los que vivían en su casa, tenían reverencia por Dios. Este hombre daba a los pobres con generosidad, y oraba a Dios con regularidad.

3Un día, cerca de las 3 p.m. Cornelio tuvo una visión en la que vio claramente a un ángel de Dios que venía hacia él y lo llamaba, diciendo: “¡Cornelio!”

4Entonces Cornelio, asustado, lo miró y preguntó: “¿Qué quieres, Señor?”

5“Ahora envía hombres a Jope, y trae a Simón, también llamado Pedro,

6el cual se está hospedando en la casa de Simón el curtidor, cuya casa está junto al mar”.

7Y cuando el ángel se fue, Cornelio llamó a dos de sus siervos y a un soldado de su guardia personal, quien era un hombre devoto.

8Después de haberles explicado todo lo que había sucedido, los envió a Jope.

9Al día siguiente, mientras ellos iban de camino y se aproximaban a la ciudad, Pedro subió a la azotea para orar. Era cerca del mediodía,

10y ya sentía hambre, y deseaba comer. Pero mientras aun preparaban la comida, Pedro entró en trance,

11y vio el cielo abierto. También vio que algo descendía y era como una sábana grande que estaba sostenida por sus cuatro esquinas, y descendía hacia la tierra.

12Adentro había todo tipo de animales, reptiles y aves.

13Entonces oyó una voz que dijo: “¡Levántate, Pedro! ¡Mata y come!”

14Pero Pedro respondió: “¡Por supuesto que no, Señor! Nunca he comido nada que sea inmundo e impuro”.

15Entonces escuchó nuevamente la voz: “¡No llames impuro lo que Dios ha limpiado!”

16Y esto sucedió tres veces, y entonces la sábana fue rápidamente llevada de nuevo al cielo.

17Mientras Pedro aún estaba perturbado por saber qué significaba aquella visión que había tenido, los hombres enviados por Cornelio habían encontrado la casa de Simón y estaban en pie frente a la puerta.

18Ellos llamaban, preguntando si Simón, también llamado Pedro, se hospedaba allí.

19Mientras Pedro aún reflexionaba sobre la visión, el Espíritu le dijo: “Mira, hay tres hombres buscándote.

20Levántate, baja, y ve con ellos. No te preocupes en absoluto, porque yo los envié”.

21Entonces Pedro descendió para encontrarse con los tres hombres. “Yo soy a quien buscan”, dijo. “¿Por qué están aquí?”

22“Venimos de parte de Cornelio, un hombre bueno, devoto, que tiene temor de Dios y es respetado entre el pueblo judío”, respondieron. “Un ángel lo instruyó para que enviara a buscarte y llevarte hasta su casa para escuchar lo que tú tienes para decirle”.

23Entonces Pedro los invitó a entrar y ellos se quedaron allí.

24Al otro día llegaron a Cesarea, donde los esperaba Cornelio junto a sus parientes y amigos cercanos, a quienes había reunido.

25Cuando Pedro entró a la casa, Cornelio salió a su encuentro y cayendo a sus pies, lo adoró.

26Pero Pedro lo hizo retroceder, diciéndole: “¡Levántate! ¡Yo soy solo un hombre!”

27Entonces Pedro habló con Cornelio y luego siguieron hacia adentro, donde había muchas otras personas esperándolo.

28Y Pedro les dijo: “Sin duda alguna, ustedes saben que no se le permite a un judío reunirse o visitar extranjeros. Pero Dios me ha mostrado que no me corresponde a mí llamar impuro o inmundo a ninguno.

29Es por eso que vine sin ningún problema cuando enviaron a buscarme. Así que ahora quiero saber la razón por la cual me mandaron a buscar”.

30“Hace cuatro días, cerca de esta misma hora—tres de la tarde—yo estaba orando en mi casa”, explicó Cornelio. “Cuando de repente vi a un hombre en pie frente a mí, vestido con ropas que brillaban.

31Y me dijo: ‘Cornelio, tus oraciones han sido escuchadas, y Dios ha reconocido tu generosidad para con los pobres.

32Envía a alguien hasta Jope y trae a Simón Pedro. Él se está hospedando en la casa de Simón, el curtidor, junto a la orilla del mar’.

33Así que de inmediato envié a buscarte, y me complace que hayas venido. Por eso estamos todos aquí, reunidos delante de Dios, listos para escuchar todo lo que el Señor te ha dicho”.

34Entonces Pedro respondió: “Estoy plenamente convencido de que Dios no tiene favoritos.

35En toda nación, Dios recibe a aquellos que lo respetan y hacen lo recto.

36Ustedes conocen el mensaje que Dios envió a Israel, compartiendo la buena noticia de paz que viene de Jesucristo, quien es Señor de todos.

37Ustedes saben que esta buena noticia fue predicada por Judea, comenzando en Galilea, siguiendo el llamado de Juan al bautismo.

38Es la buena noticia sobre Jesús de Nazaret y cómo Dios lo ungió con el Espíritu Santo, con poder, y cómo anduvo por todas partes haciendo el bien, sanando a todos los que estaban bajo control del diablo, porque Dios estaba con él.

39“Nosotros podemos dar testimonio de todo lo que él hizo en Judea y en Jerusalén. Lo mataron, colgándolo en una cruz.

40Pero Dios lo levantó nuevamente a la vida en el tercer día, y lo hizo aparecer,

41no a todos, sino a los que son testigos elegidos por Dios, incluyéndonos a nosotros, quienes comimos y bebimos con él después de que se levantó de los muertos.

42Él nos dio la responsabilidad de contar públicamente esto a la gente, de testificar que él es el Escogido de Dios como Juez de los vivos y los muertos.

43Él es Aquél del cual hablaron todos los profetas, para que todo el que crea en él reciba perdón por medio de su nombre”.

44Mientras Pedro aún hablaba, el Espíritu Santo fue derramado sobre todos los que estaban ahí oyendo el mensaje.

45Entonces los creyentes judíos que habían venido con Pedro estaban asombrados, porque el don del Espíritu Santo también había sido derramado sobre los extranjeros.

46Y los oían hablando en lenguas, glorificando a Dios.

47Entonces Pedro preguntó: “¿Impedirá alguien que estos sean bautizados en agua, siendo que han recibido el Espíritu Santo, igual que nosotros?”

48Entonces Pedro dio orden de que fueran bautizados en el nombre de Jesucristo. Entonces le pidieron que se quedara más tiempo con ellos.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

God prepares Peter with a vision of a sheet full of unclean animals, teaching him not to call impure what God has made clean. Peter goes to the house of the Roman centurion Cornelius, and the Holy Spirit falls on the Gentiles gathered there.

Explanation

This is a turning point in Acts: for the first time, Gentiles (non-Jews) receive the Holy Spirit and are baptized without first becoming Jews. The vision of the sheet breaks down a deep cultural and religious barrier for Peter, raised under strict Jewish dietary laws. Cornelius, a God-fearing Roman soldier, shows that sincere seeking is recognized by God regardless of ethnic origin. The episode confirms once and for all that the gospel is for all peoples, not an exclusive club.

Fun facts

  • Cornelius's 'Italian Regiment' was an auxiliary unit of the Roman army made up of recruits from Italy, confirmed by Roman historical records as having served in Syria-Palestine in the first century.
  • The Jewish dietary laws (kashrut) that forbade certain animals come from Leviticus 11 — which is why Peter's vision of eating 'reptiles and unclean birds' was so shocking to a practicing Jew.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Hechos 10:1Cornelius was a mid-ranking Roman officer, commanding about a hundred soldiers. The Italian cohort was a military unit made up of recruits from Italy itself, serving in the province of Judea.
  2. Hechos 10:2Cornelius is introduced as an unusual Gentile: devout, God-fearing along with his whole household, generous in giving alms, and devoted to prayer, even without having converted to Judaism.
  3. Hechos 10:3The ninth hour was around 3 p.m., one of the fixed times for Jewish prayer. Cornelius, even as a Gentile, kept prayer habits similar to the Jews’ because he feared God, without yet being fully converted to the Jewish faith.
  4. Hechos 10:4Startled by the angel’s appearance, Cornelius hears something unexpected: his prayers and alms had already “come up” before God as a memorial, proof that God already recognized his devotion even though he was a Gentile.
  5. Hechos 10:5The angel gives a very practical instruction: send for a specific man, Simon, also called Peter, who was in another city, Joppa.
  6. Hechos 10:6The angel spells out the exact address: Peter was staying at the house of another Simon, a tanner, by the sea — information precise enough to make him easy to find.
  7. Hechos 10:7As soon as the angel disappears, Cornelius acts quickly, calling together two trusted servants and a devout soldier from among his own men.
  8. Hechos 10:8After telling them everything that had happened, Cornelius sends these three men on the journey to Joppa, setting off the chain of events that will bring the two sides of the story together.
  9. Hechos 10:9While Cornelius’s messengers are approaching Joppa, Peter goes up to the housetop to pray around noon, a simultaneous detail the narrative uses to link the two scenes.
  10. Hechos 10:10Hungry, Peter waits for the food to be prepared, and it is during this ordinary interval of waiting that he has an ecstatic experience, a kind of trance.
  11. Hechos 10:11The vision of the sheet brings every kind of animal, including species Jewish law classified as unclean and forbidden to eat. It is the centerpiece of the experience God uses to prepare Peter to understand the message that follows.
  12. Hechos 10:12In the vision every kind of animal appears: four-footed creatures, reptiles, and birds, including species Jewish law classified as unclean and forbidden to eat.
  13. Hechos 10:13A voice directly commands Peter to kill and eat the animals on the sheet, an instruction that runs against everything he had learned as an observant Jew.
  14. Hechos 10:14Peter is referring to the Jewish dietary laws of Leviticus, which separated permitted animals from forbidden ones. The vision asks him to eat precisely the forbidden ones, which shocks him at first.
  15. Hechos 10:15The voice repeats the command, saying Peter must not call unclean what God has already cleansed, planting the central idea he will only truly understand later on.
  16. Hechos 10:16The scene repeats three times in a row before the sheet is taken back up into heaven, a repetition that reinforces the importance of the message for Peter.
  17. Hechos 10:17While Peter is still trying to work out the meaning of the vision, Cornelius’s messengers already arrive and stand at the gate of the house asking for him — the practical explanation of the vision is literally knocking at the door.
  18. Hechos 10:18The men confirm whether that was indeed where Simon, also called Peter, was staying, showing they knew exactly where to look.
  19. Hechos 10:19While Peter is still processing the vision, the Holy Spirit intervenes directly, telling him that three men were looking for him.
  20. Hechos 10:20The Spirit tells Peter to go down and go with the men without hesitating, assuring him that He Himself had sent them — removing any doubt about following unknown Gentiles.
  21. Hechos 10:21Peter goes down and introduces himself directly to the messengers, asking the reason for their visit, still without knowing the full details of the situation.
  22. Hechos 10:22The men explain who Cornelius is — a centurion respected even by the Jews themselves — and tell him that an angel instructed Cornelius to send for Peter to hear his message.
  23. Hechos 10:23Peter lodges the messengers for a night, an ordinary gesture of hospitality, and the next day sets out with them, also bringing along some Christians from Joppa as witnesses to what would happen.
  24. Hechos 10:24After another day of travel, they arrive in Caesarea, where Cornelius is already waiting for them, having gathered his relatives and close friends to hear Peter along with him.
  25. Hechos 10:25Seeing Peter arrive, Cornelius falls at his feet in a gesture of worship, probably a common custom before important figures in the Roman culture of the time.
  26. Hechos 10:26Peter immediately rejects this kind of reverence, reminding Cornelius that he too is only a man, not a divine figure to be worshipped.
  27. Hechos 10:27Still talking at the entrance, Peter goes into the house and finds a much larger group of Gentiles gathered than he had probably expected.
  28. Hechos 10:28Peter explains to Cornelius that avoiding close contact with Gentiles because of purity rules was a Jewish social custom, not necessarily a written law. The vision of the sheet was what changed his understanding of this.
  29. Hechos 10:29Peter makes clear that he came without hesitation despite the cultural barrier, and asks directly what the specific reason for the summons was.
  30. Hechos 10:30Cornelius tells his own side of the story: he was fasting and praying at home when he had the vision, beginning the account of how it all started on his end.
  31. Hechos 10:31Cornelius repeats what the angel told him: that his prayers had been heard and his alms remembered by God, confirming the same message already told to the reader before.
  32. Hechos 10:32Cornelius also repeats the exact instruction to send for Peter at the house of Simon the tanner, by the sea, showing how the details match perfectly between the two visions.
  33. Hechos 10:33Cornelius finishes by explaining why he gathered so many people: everyone there was ready and willing to hear everything God had commanded Peter to say.
  34. Hechos 10:34Peter arrives at the conclusion that God is “no respecter of persons”: He welcomes anyone who fears Him and does what is right, whether Jew or Gentile, with no preferential treatment based on ethnic origin.
  35. Hechos 10:35Peter concludes that God accepts anyone, from any nation, who fears Him and lives righteously — it is not a matter of being born Jewish or Gentile.
  36. Hechos 10:36Peter recalls that the message of peace through Jesus Christ had already been sent first to Israel, making clear that the Jews had historical priority, but not exclusivity.
  37. Hechos 10:37Peter assumes that his Gentile listeners already knew something about the events that had taken place in Judea, beginning with John the Baptist’s preaching in Galilee.
  38. Hechos 10:38Peter sums up Jesus’s ministry simply: anointed by God with power, He went about doing good and healing people oppressed by evil, proof that God was with Him.
  39. Hechos 10:39Peter presents himself, along with the other apostles, as an eyewitness to all this, and mentions Jesus’s death “hanged on a tree,” an expression for crucifixion.
  40. Hechos 10:40Peter affirms that God raised Jesus on the third day and made a point of letting this become publicly known.
  41. Hechos 10:41The resurrection was not shown to everyone, only to witnesses chosen beforehand by God, who even ate and drank with Jesus after He rose.
  42. Hechos 10:42The apostles were charged with preaching this to the people and testifying that Jesus was appointed by God as judge of the living and the dead.
  43. Hechos 10:43Peter concludes that all the Old Testament prophets already pointed to this same promise: whoever believes in Jesus receives forgiveness of sins through His name.
  44. Hechos 10:44The Holy Spirit falls on the Gentile listeners even before water baptism, unlike the pattern seen in other episodes. In the eyes of the Jews present, it is a sign that God had already accepted these Gentiles without requiring them to become Jews first.
  45. Hechos 10:45The Jewish Christians accompanying Peter are astonished to see the gift of the Holy Spirit poured out on Gentiles too, something that broke their expectations.
  46. Hechos 10:46The visible proof that the Gentiles had also received the Spirit is the same seen at Pentecost: they begin speaking in tongues and openly praising God.
  47. Hechos 10:47Peter draws the logical conclusion on the spot: since God had given these Gentiles the Spirit, there would be no reason to deny them water baptism.
  48. Hechos 10:48Peter orders them to be baptized in the name of the Lord, and the group even asks him to stay lodged with them for a few more days, extending the contact.

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