Números 28

VBL · Chapter 28/36

1El Señor le dijo a Moisés:

2“Dales las siguientes normas a los israelitas: Debes presentarme en el momento apropiado mis ofrendas de comida para que las acepte.

3Diles que debes presentar al Señor cada día dos corderos machos de un año como holocausto continua.

4Ofrece un cordero por la mañana y otro por la tarde antes de que oscurezca,

5junto con una décima parte de una efa de la mejor harina para una ofrenda de grano, mezclada con un cuarto de hin de aceite de oliva prensado.

6“Este es un holocausto continuo que se inició en el Monte Sinaí como una ofrenda aceptable para el Señor.

7La ofrenda de bebida que acompaña a cada cordero debe ser un cuarto de hin. Vierte la ofrenda de bebida fermentada al Señor en el santuario.

8Ofrecerás el segundo cordero por la tarde antes de que oscurezca, junto con las mismas ofrendas de grano y bebida que por la mañana. Es un holocausto aceptable para el Señor.

9“En el día de reposo, presentarás los corderos machos de dos años, sin defectos, junto con una ofrenda de grano de dos décimas de efa de la mejor harina mezclada con aceite de oliva, y su libación.

10Este holocausto debe ser presentado cada sábado además del holocausto continuo y su libación.

11“Al comienzo de cada mes, presentarán al Señor un holocausto de dos novillos, un carnero y siete corderos machos de un año, todos ellos sin defectos,

12junto con ofrendas de grano que consisten en tres décimas de una efa de la mejor harina mezclada con aceite de oliva para cada toro, dos décimas de una efa de la mejor harina mezclada con aceite de oliva para el carnero,

13y una décima de una efa de la mejor harina mezclada con aceite de oliva para cada uno de los corderos. Este es un holocausto aceptable para el Señor.

14“Sus respectivas libaciones serán medio hin de vino por cada toro, un tercio de hin por el carnero y un cuarto de hin por cada cordero. Este es el holocausto mensual que se presentará cada mes durante el año.

15Además del holocausto continuo con su libación, presentar un macho cabrío al Señor como ofrenda por el pecado.

16“La Pascua del Señor es el día catorce del primer mes.

17Habrá una fiesta a los quince días de este mes, y durante siete días sólo se comerá pan sin levadura.

18Celebrarán una reunión sagrada el primer día de la fiesta. No hagan ninguna actividad de su trabajo normal.

19Preséntense ante el Señor con las siguientes ofrendas: un holocausto de dos novillos, un carnero y siete corderos de un año, todos ellos sin defectos.

20Sus ofrendas de grano se harán con la mejor harina mezclada con aceite de oliva: tres décimas de efa para cada toro, dos décimas de efa para el carnero,

21y una décima de efa para cada uno de los siete corderos.

22Presenten también una cabra macho como ofrenda por el pecado para hacerte justicia.

23Deben presentar estas ofrendas además del continuo holocausto de la mañana.

24Presenta las mismas ofrendas todos los días durante siete días como holocausto para ser aceptado por el Señor. Deben ser ofrecidas con su libación y el continuo holocausto.

25Celebren una reunión sagrada el séptimo día del festival. Ese día no harán su trabajo usual.

26“Durante la celebración del Festival de las Semanas, celebrarán una reunión sagrada el día de las primicias cuando presenten una ofrenda de grano nuevo al Señor. No hagan ningún tipo de trabajo.

27Presenten un holocausto de dos novillos, un carnero y siete corderos de un año para ser aceptados por el Señor.

28Deben ir acompañados de sus ofrendas de grano de la mejor harina mezclada con aceite de oliva: tres décimos de un efa para cada toro, dos décimos de un efa para el carnero,

29y un décimo de un efa para cada uno de los siete corderos.

30Presenten también una cabra macho como ofrenda para que los justifique.

31Presenten estas ofrendas junto con sus libaciones además del holocausto continuo y su ofrenda de grano. Asegúrate de que los animales sacrificados no tengan defectos”.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

God details the complete calendar of regular sacrifices that Israel was to offer: the daily burnt offering (morning and evening), the doubled Sabbath offering, the offerings for the beginning of each month, and the special offerings for Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread.

Explanation

This chapter functions as a detailed liturgical manual, reaffirming and systematically organizing offerings already mentioned in Exodus and Leviticus, now that Israel is about to live a more settled life in the promised land. The 'continual burnt offering' — offered every morning and every evening, every day, without exception — created a constant spiritual rhythm for the whole nation, a daily reminder of the need for atonement and of God's faithfulness. The detailed repetition of these laws, even after so much rebellion and discipline in the wilderness, shows that God continued investing in His people's life of worship, looking toward the future in the promised land rather than remaining stuck in the failure of the recent past.

Fun facts

  • The 'continual burnt offering' (tamid, in Hebrew) offered morning and evening became the basis for the schedule of Jewish prayers to this day, with the afternoon prayer (Mincha) and the morning prayer (Shacharit) symbolically originating from the timing of these daily sacrifices in the temple.
  • The amount of wine, oil, and flour specified for each type of sacrifice shows a remarkable administrative precision, suggesting that Israelite worship, though deeply spiritual, also required careful logistical planning of resources.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Números 28:1The LORD speaks to Moses once more, beginning a long, fixed calendar of offerings that will fill the rest of this chapter and the next.
  2. Números 28:2The instruction to the people is clear: take care to bring the food offerings to God always at the appointed time, without fail.
  3. Números 28:3This chapter lists the offerings that were to be made regularly: here, two lambs a day, one in the morning and one in the evening, every day without exception. It was the basic, ongoing rhythm of worship at the tabernacle, to which extra offerings on Sabbaths and feasts, detailed in the rest of the chapter, were added.
  4. Números 28:4The daily routine called for two fixed moments: a lamb sacrificed in the morning, another at twilight.
  5. Números 28:5Along with each lamb came a small grain offering of fine flour mixed with oil, in a standard proportion.
  6. Números 28:6This was the continual burnt offering, instituted back at Mount Sinai, repeated every day as an offering of pleasing aroma to the LORD.
  7. Números 28:7Completing the morning offering, a drink offering of strong wine was also poured out at the sanctuary itself.
  8. Números 28:8The evening lamb followed exactly the same recipe as the morning one: the same flour, the same oil, the same drink offering.
  9. Números 28:9Besides the daily offering, the Sabbath had its own extra offering, double the usual amount. This shows how each type of day — ordinary, Sabbath, new moon, feasts — had its own fixed count of offerings, forming an organized calendar of sacrifices throughout the year.
  10. Números 28:10This was the extra burnt offering set apart specifically for each Sabbath, added to the usual daily sacrifice.
  11. Números 28:11At the beginning of each month, the calendar called for a larger offering: two young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs, all without blemish.
  12. Números 28:12Each of these animals came with a grain offering proportional to its size: more flour for the bull, less for the ram.
  13. Números 28:13The lambs, in turn, carried the smallest portion of flour among the three kinds of animals.
  14. Números 28:14The wine drink offerings also varied by animal: more wine for the bull, less for the ram, even less for the lamb — this was the fixed offering for every new moon of the year.
  15. Números 28:15On top of all this, a goat was offered as a sin offering, added to the usual daily sacrifice.
  16. Números 28:16The calendar then arrives at Passover, celebrated on the fourteenth day of the first month.
  17. Números 28:17Right the next day began the feast of unleavened bread, which lasted a full seven days.
  18. Números 28:18On the first of these seven days, the people were to stop all ordinary work, marking a sacred assembly.
  19. Números 28:19On that special day, the offering rose to two young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs, all without blemish.
  20. Números 28:20Each animal again came with flour mixed with oil, in a larger proportion for the bull and a smaller one for the ram.
  21. Números 28:21Each of the seven lambs received its own individual portion of flour.
  22. Números 28:22A goat was also offered as a sin offering, making atonement for the people on that day.
  23. Números 28:23All these festival offerings were added on top of the morning sacrifice, which continued as usual.
  24. Números 28:24This same set of offerings was repeated every one of the seven days of the feast, always in addition to the usual daily sacrifice.
  25. Números 28:25On the seventh and final day of the feast, the same rule as the first day applied: a sacred assembly, with no ordinary work allowed.
  26. Números 28:26The calendar then moves to another important date: the day of firstfruits, when the first new grain of the harvest was offered, also marked by a sacred assembly and rest from work.
  27. Números 28:27On this day of firstfruits, the offering repeated the pattern already seen: two young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs.
  28. Números 28:28Again came the flour mixed with oil, proportional to each animal, more for the bull, less for the ram.
  29. Números 28:29And each of the seven lambs received its own individual portion of flour, following the same pattern as the other feasts.
  30. Números 28:30A goat closed out this offering, making atonement for the people once again.
  31. Números 28:31As on all the other occasions, these offerings were added to the usual daily sacrifice, with animals without blemish and their respective drink offerings.

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