Números 23

VBL · Chapter 23/36

1Entonces Balaam le dijo a Balac, “Constrúyeme siete altares aquí, y prepárame siete toros y siete carneros para un sacrificio”.

2Balac hizo lo que Balaam había dicho, y juntos ofrecieron un toro y un carnero en cada altar.

3Balaam le dijo a Balac, “Espera aquí junto a tu holocausto mientras voy a ver si quizás el Señor vendrá y se reunirá conmigo. Cualquier cosa que me revele, la compartiré contigo”. Entonces Balaam se fue a escalar un peñasco rocoso.

4Dios se encontró con él allí, y Balaam dijo. “He construido siete altares y en cada uno de ellos he ofrecido un toro y un carnero”.

5El Señor le dio a Balaam un mensaje para compartir. Le dijo, “Vuelve a Balac y esto es lo que debes decirle”.

6Así que volvió a Balac, que estaba esperando allí junto a su holocausto, junto con todos los líderes moabitas.

7Esta es la declaración que Balaam dio:

8“Pero ¿cómo puedo maldecir lo que Dios no ha maldito? ¿Cómo puedo condenar lo que el Señor no ha condenado?

9Porque yo los miro desde lo alto de los peñascos; los observo desde las colinas. Veo un pueblo que vive por su cuenta, diferente de las otras naciones.

10“¿Quién puede contar los descendientes de Jacob? ¡Son tantos que son como el polvo! ¿Quién puede contar hasta una cuarta parte de los israelitas?

11Entonces Balac se quejó a Balaam, “¿Qué esesto que me has hecho? Te traje aquí para maldecir a mis enemigos, ¡y ahora mira! ¡Todo lo que has hecho es bendecirlos!”

12Pero Balaam respondió: “¿No crees que debería decir precisamente lo que el Señor me dice?”

13Entonces Balac le dijo: “Por favor, ven conmigo a otro lugar donde puedas verlos. Pero sólo verás una parte de su campamento, no los verás a todos. Puedes maldecirlos por mí desde allí”.

14Lo llevó al campo de Zofim en la cima del Monte Pisga. Allí construyó siete altares y ofreció un toro y un carnero en cada altar.

15Balaam le dijo a Balac, “Espera aquí junto a tu holocausto mientras me encuentro con el Señor allí”.

16El Señor se encontró con Balaam y le dio un mensaje para compartir. Le dijo, “Vuelve a Balac y esto es lo que debes decirle”.

17Así que volvió a Balac, que estaba esperando allí junto a su holocausto, junto con todos los líderes moabitas.

18Esta es la profecía que Balaam cumplió:

19“Dios no es un ser humano que mentiría. No es un simple mortal que cambia de opinión. ¿Acaso él dice que va a hacer algo, pero no lo hace? ¿Acaso hace promesas que no cumple?

20“Mira, se me ha ordenado dar una bendición. Dios ha bendecido, y no puedo cambiar eso.

21No esperes que le pase nada malo a Jacob; no se prevé ningún problema para Israel. El Señor su Dios está con ellos; lo celebran como su rey.

22Dios los sacó de Egipto con gran poder, tan fuerte como un buey.

23No se puede lanzar ningún hechizo contra Jacob; no se puede usar ninguna magia contra Israel. La gente hablará de Jacob e Israel, diciendo: ‘¡Qué cosas tan asombrosas ha hecho Dios por ellos!’

24¡Miren! Los israelitas salen a cazar como una leona; persiguen como un león. No descansan hasta que comen su presa, y beben la sangre de su víctima muerta”.

25Entonces Balac le dijo a Balaam, “¡Si no puedes darles ninguna maldición, al menos no les des ninguna bendición!”

26Pero Balaam respondió: “¿No te he explicado que tengo que hacer todo lo que el Señor me diga?”

27“Por favor, ven conmigo y te llevaré a otro lugar”, dijo Balac. “Tal vez Dios te permita maldecirlos por mí desde allí”.

28Balac llevó a Balaam a la cima del Monte Peor, que mira hacia los páramos.

29Balaam le dijo a Balac, “Constrúyeme siete altares aquí, y prepárame siete toros y siete carneros para sacrificar”.

30Balac le dijo lo que Balaam le dijo, y ofreció un toro y un carnero en cada altar.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Despite Balak's pressure, Balaam is only able to pronounce blessings over Israel instead of curses, in two consecutive prophetic oracles, to the great frustration of the Moabite king.

Explanation

This chapter shows the power of God's sovereignty even over prophets hired for money: no matter how many times Balak changes location and offers more sacrifices, God simply does not allow Balaam to speak anything other than the truth He had already declared about Israel — blessing, not curse. The declaration 'God is not a man, that he should lie' (v. 19) is one of the most quoted theological statements in the Bible about the absolute reliability of God's word, contrasting with human inconstancy. Balak's growing frustration, as he tries to manipulate the outcome through rituals repeated in different places, ironically shows the futility of trying to control or bargain with God through religious formulas.

Fun facts

  • The phrase 'God is not a man, that he should lie; neither the son of man, that he should repent' (v. 19) is quoted almost word for word in 1 Samuel 15:29, becoming a recurring theological formula in biblical tradition about God's unchanging nature.
  • Balak takes Balaam to three different locations (Bamoth-baal, Pisgah, and later Peor in the next chapter) reflecting the common pagan belief of the time that regional gods had power limited to specific territories — a belief the biblical narrative systematically disproves, showing the God of Israel as sovereign over all the earth.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Números 23:1Balaam asks Balak to build seven altars and prepare seven bulls and seven rams, starting the first attempt at a ritual curse.
  2. Números 23:2Balak does exactly as asked, and the two offer a bull and a ram on each of the seven altars.
  3. Números 23:3Balaam asks Balak to stay by the burnt offering while he goes off alone, hoping the LORD will come to meet him and reveal something for him to pass on.
  4. Números 23:4God does meet Balaam, and he reports what he has done: prepared seven altars and offered a bull and a ram on each one.
  5. Números 23:5The LORD puts words in Balaam’s mouth and instructs him to go back to Balak and say exactly that.
  6. Números 23:6Balaam goes back and finds Balak still standing by his burnt offering, surrounded by the princes of Moab.
  7. Números 23:7Balaam then recites his first poem, explaining that he was brought from far away specifically to curse Jacob and denounce Israel.
  8. Números 23:8But he asks: how can he curse whom God does not curse, or denounce whom the LORD does not denounce?
  9. Números 23:9He describes Israel, seen from the rocks above, as a people that lives apart, not mixing with the other nations.
  10. Números 23:10Balaam is amazed at the sheer size of the people, impossible to count, and even wishes for himself a death as righteous as theirs.
  11. Números 23:11Balak reacts furiously, asking what Balaam had done, since he had called him to curse his enemies and instead he only blessed them.
  12. Números 23:12Balaam defends himself: he can only say exactly what the LORD puts in his mouth, nothing more.
  13. Números 23:13Balak insists on trying again, proposing to take him to another place, from where he would see only part of the people, hoping for a different outcome.
  14. Números 23:14Balak takes him to the field of Zophim, at the top of Pisgah, and repeats the same ritual: seven altars, with a bull and a ram on each.
  15. Números 23:15Balaam again asks Balak to stay by the burnt offering while he goes to meet the LORD.
  16. Números 23:16Again the LORD meets Balaam, puts a word in his mouth, and instructs him to go back and say exactly that to Balak.
  17. Números 23:17Balaam returns and finds Balak waiting by the burnt offering with the princes; Balak anxiously asks what the LORD had said.
  18. Números 23:18Balaam begins his second poem asking Balak for attention, formally addressing him by his father’s name.
  19. Números 23:19In this verse, Balaam states that God does not change His mind like a human being, nor does He promise something only to go back on it. It is part of his explanation to Balak for why he cannot simply curse Israel: the blessing had already been given by God and would not be revoked just because the king was paying for something else.
  20. Números 23:20He explains that he received a command to bless, and that once God has blessed, it is not in his power to reverse it.
  21. Números 23:21Balaam declares that he sees no wickedness or iniquity in Israel, because the LORD is with them, and among the people there is something like the shout of a victorious king.
  22. Números 23:22He repeats the reminder that it was God who brought the people out of Egypt, comparing their strength to that of a wild ox.
  23. Números 23:23Balaam declares that no sorcery or divination can really work against Israel. This is the third time in the chapter that he tries to curse the people at Balak’s request and instead ends up blessing them — reinforcing the idea that God’s protection over Israel could not be bought or reversed by outside rituals.
  24. Números 23:24Balaam describes the people rising up like a lion that will not rest until it has completely devoured its prey — an image of unstoppable strength.
  25. Números 23:25Frustrated again, Balak asks Balaam to do neither one thing nor the other: neither curse them nor bless them.
  26. Números 23:26Balaam answers by reminding him of what he had already warned from the start: he can only say what the LORD tells him.
  27. Números 23:27Even so, Balak proposes a third attempt, taking Balaam to yet another place, hoping that from there God would allow the curse.
  28. Números 23:28Balak takes Balaam to the top of Mount Peor, overlooking the wilderness.
  29. Números 23:29Balaam repeats the same request as always: seven altars, seven bulls, and seven rams.
  30. Números 23:30Balak follows the instruction once more, offering a bull and a ram on each of the seven altars.

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