Números 18

VBL · Chapter 18/36

1El Señor le dijo a Aarón: “Tú y tus hijos y los otros levitas son responsables de los pecados relacionados con el santuario. Sólo tú y tus hijos son responsables de los pecados relacionados con su sacerdocio.

2Haz que tus hermanos de la tribu de Leví, la tribu de tu padre, se unan a ti para ayudarte a ti y a tus hijos con tu servicio en la Tienda del Testimonio.

3Ellos se encargarán de tus responsabilidades y de las relacionadas con la Tienda, pero no deben acercarse demasiado a los objetos sagrados del santuario o del altar, de lo contrario morirán, y tú también.

4Deben ayudarte y cuidar de las responsabilidades del Tabernáculo de Reunión, haciendo todo el trabajo en la Tienda, pero no se les permite estar contigo durante tu ministerio sacerdotal.

5“Debes llevar a cabo las responsabilidades relacionadas con el santuario y el altar, para que mi ira no vuelva a caer sobre los israelitas.

6Mira, yo mismo he elegido a tus hermanos los levitas de los israelitas como mi regalo para ti, dedicado al Señor para hacer el trabajo que relaciona el Tabernáculo de Reunión.

7Pero sólo tú y tus hijos son responsables de tu sacerdocio, haciendo todo lo que concierne al altar y está detrás del velo. Sólo tú debes realizar ese servicio. Te estoy dando el don de tu sacerdocio, pero cualquier otro que se acerque al santuario debe ser ejecutado”.

8El Señor le dijo a Aarón, “Escucha, te he puesto a cargo de oficiar mis ofrendas. Todas las santas contribuciones de los israelitas que traen están reservadas para ti, y esta es una regla permanente.

9Parte de las ofrendas más sagradas tomadas de los holocaustos son tuyas. Parte de todas las ofrendas que me dan como ofrendas sagradas, ya sean ofrendas de grano o de pecado o de culpa, esa parte pertenece a ti y a tus hijos.

10Lo comerás en un lugar santísimo. A todo macho se le permite comerlo. Deben considerarlo como algo sagrado.

11“También te pertenecen los regalos voluntarios y las ofrendas de los israelitas. Te he dado esto a ti y a tus hijos e hijas como una regla permanente. Todos los de tu casa que estén ceremonialmente limpios pueden comerlo.

12Les doy el mejor aceite de oliva y el mejor vino y grano que los israelitas dan como primicias al Señor.

13Las primicias de todas las cosechas que produzcan en su tierra y que traigan al Señor son tuyas. Todos los miembros de tu familia que estén ceremonialmente limpios pueden comerlas.

14“Todo lo que en Israel se dedica al Señor es tuyo.

15Todo primogénito, ya sea humano o animal, que se ofrezca al Señor es tuyo. Pero debes redimir todo primogénito y todo primogénito de los animales inmundos.

16Cuando tengan un mes de edad, pagarás el precio de redención de cinco siclos de plata (usando el estándar de siclos del santuario), equivalente a veinte gueras.

17“Pero no se te permitirá redimir al primogénito de un buey, una oveja o una cabra porque son sagrados. Esparcirás su sangre sobre el altar y quemarás su grasa como holocausto aceptado por el Señor.

18Su carne es tuya, de la misma manera que el pecho y el muslo derecho de la ofrenda ondulada son tuyos.

19“Te doy todas las ofrendas voluntarias que los israelitas presentan al Señor así como a tus hijos e hijas como una regla permanente. Es un acuerdo permanente de sal ante el Señor para ti y tus descendientes”.

20“No tendrás propiedades en su país, y no tendrás una parte de sus tierras. Yo soy tu parte y tu posesión entre los israelitas.

21En cambio, he dado a los levitas todos los diezmos de Israel como compensación por el servicio que prestan al hacer el trabajo en el Tabernáculo de Reunión.

22“A los israelitas ya no se les permite acercarse al Tabernáculo de Reunión, de lo contrario cometerán una ofensa y morirán.

23Los levitas deben realizar el trabajo en el Tabernáculo de Reunión, y deben asumir la responsabilidad de los pecados que se cometan. Esta es una regla permanente para todas las generaciones futuras. Los levitas no recibirán una parte de la tierra entre los israelitas.

24En su lugar, he dado a los levitas como compensación el diezmo que los israelitas dan al Señor como contribución. Por eso les dije que no recibirían una parte de la tierra entre los israelitas”.

25El Señor le dijo a Moisés:

26“Habla con los levitas y explícales: ‘Cuando recibas de los israelitas el diezmo que te he dado como compensación, debes devolver parte de él como ofrenda al Señor: un diezmo del diezmo.

27Tu ofrenda será considerada como si fueran las primicias del grano de tu era o del jugo de uva del lagar.

28De este modo, deberás contribuir con una ofrenda al Señor de cada diezmo que recibas de los israelitas, entregando la ofrenda del Señor al sacerdote Aarón.

29De todas las ofrendas que recibas debes contribuir como ofrenda del Señor con lo mejor, la parte más sagrada de cada ofrenda’.

30“Así que di a los levitas, ‘Cuando hayas presentado la mejor parte, será considerada como tu contribución producida por tu trilladora o lagar.

31Ustedes y sus familias pueden comerla en cualquier sitio porque es la compensación por su servicio en el Tabernáculo de Reunión.

32No se considerará que han pecado si han presentado la mejor parte. Pero si tratan las sagradas ofrendas de los israelitas con falta de respeto morirán’”.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

God clearly establishes the responsibilities and provision for the priests and Levites: they receive portions of the people's offerings as their means of living, since they would have no inheritance of land like the other tribes, and the Levites in turn give a tithe of what they receive to the priests.

Explanation

This chapter practically organizes the support of those serving full-time in religious ministry: with no land of their own to farm, priests and Levites depended directly on the people's offerings, creating an interdependence that united the whole nation around worship of God. The statement that 'the LORD is your portion and your inheritance' (v. 20) to Aaron is one of the most beautiful affirmations in the Bible about finding identity and security in relationship with God rather than in material possessions. The principle of the 'tithe of the tithe' (Levites giving a portion of what they received to the priests) shows a chain of generosity at multiple levels within the religious structure itself. The application for today: supporting those who serve the faith community full-time is a consistent biblical principle, not merely a modern practice.

Fun facts

  • The phrase 'I am your portion and your inheritance' (v. 20), spoken to Aaron, is echoed almost literally by the psalmist in Psalms 16:5 and 73:26, showing how this idea became a lasting spiritual expression of trusting in God above material possessions.
  • This system of priestly support through tithes and offerings is cited by Paul in the New Testament (1 Corinthians 9:13-14) as a precedent for supporting those who work in gospel ministry.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Números 18:1Answering directly the people’s fear at the end of the previous chapter, God explains to Aaron that responsibility for any wrong related to the sanctuary falls on him and his priestly family, not on the common people.
  2. Números 18:2Aaron was to bring his own relatives, the tribe of Levi, near to help him, while he and his sons remained directly responsible for the tent of the testimony.
  3. Números 18:3The Levites would take care of the tent in general, but could not come near the sacred objects or the altar, under penalty of death both for them and for the priests.
  4. Números 18:4They would join Aaron in caring for all the service of the tent of the congregation, but no outsider, from outside the tribe of Levi, could come near.
  5. Números 18:5It fell specifically to Aaron and his sons to care for the sanctuary and the altar, precisely so that a tragedy like Korah’s would never happen again.
  6. Números 18:6God reinforces that the Levites were taken from among the people as a gift to Aaron, given to serve in the work of the tent of the congregation.
  7. Números 18:7The priesthood itself, everything related to the altar and the innermost space of the tent, was exclusive to Aaron and his sons; any outsider who came near would die.
  8. Números 18:8God also explains to Aaron that he would receive a portion of the heave offerings and the holy things brought by the people, as a permanent provision tied to his anointing as priest.
  9. Números 18:9Of the most holy things, everything left over from the offerings, grain offerings, sin offerings, and guilt offerings, would be food reserved only for Aaron and his sons.
  10. Números 18:10This portion was to be eaten in a most holy place, and only the men of the priestly family could eat it, since it was considered sacred.
  11. Números 18:11Besides that, the heave portion of the people’s offerings also belonged to Aaron’s family, including his daughters, as long as they were ritually clean to eat it.
  12. Números 18:12The best of the oil, the new wine, and the wheat, the firstfruits offered to the Lord, were also given to Aaron.
  13. Números 18:13The first ripe fruits of everything the land produced, brought to the Lord, belonged to Aaron, and anyone clean in his household could eat of them.
  14. Números 18:14Everything formally devoted to God in Israel also belonged to Aaron.
  15. Números 18:15Every firstborn, whether of humans or animals, belonged to God, but this did not mean human sacrifice: firstborn sons had to be redeemed with money, and unclean animals, which could not be offered, were also redeemed this way. Only the firstborn of clean animals were actually offered up.
  16. Números 18:16Whoever needed to redeem a firstborn from a month old paid five shekels of silver, calculated by the official weight of the sanctuary shekel.
  17. Números 18:17But the firstborn of a cow, sheep, or goat could not be redeemed: they were considered holy and were to be sacrificed, with the blood sprinkled on the altar and the fat burned as an offering.
  18. Números 18:18The meat of these sacrificed animals went to Aaron, the same way the breast and the right thigh of other wave offerings did.
  19. Números 18:19The phrase “a covenant of salt for ever” was an ancient way of saying that agreement was permanent and reliable, because salt was used as a preservative and a symbol of something that does not spoil or change. It is an image that appears a few times in the Bible to reinforce that a promise was final.
  20. Números 18:20God tells Aaron that he would have no land of his own as an inheritance among the tribes, because the Lord Himself would be his inheritance and his portion.
  21. Números 18:21Since the Levites received no land of their own in Canaan, God determines that they would live off the tithes given by the rest of the people. It was their system of support: in exchange for the work of managing worship at the tabernacle, they received a fixed share of what the other tribes produced.
  22. Números 18:22After all this was arranged, ordinary Israelites were no longer to come near the tent of the congregation, so as not to risk dying because of it.
  23. Números 18:23It fell exclusively to the Levites to perform this service, and they would bear any responsibility tied to it, without receiving land of their own as an inheritance.
  24. Números 18:24The practical reason the Levites had no land is that they received the tithes of the people as their own form of support and inheritance.
  25. Números 18:25The Lord speaks once more to Moses, now to explain a specific rule about what the Levites themselves were to do with the tithes they received.
  26. Números 18:26The Levites also had to set apart a portion of what they received: a tithe of the tithe, offered to the Lord.
  27. Números 18:27This offering from the Levites would count as if it were produce of the harvest, equivalent to grain from the threshing floor or wine from the winepress.
  28. Números 18:28So the Levites also presented their portion to the Lord, handing over this specific offering to Aaron the priest.
  29. Números 18:29Of everything they received, the Levites were to set apart the best as the holy portion belonging to the Lord.
  30. Números 18:30Once that best portion was set apart, the rest counted normally as belonging to the Levites, as the produce of their own harvest.
  31. Números 18:31The Levites could eat the rest anywhere, together with their families, since that was payment for their work at the tent of the congregation.
  32. Números 18:32As long as they correctly set apart the best portion for the Lord, the Levites committed no sin in eating the rest, avoiding profaning the holy things of the people.

Chapters

Our apps

Our apps →

Bible in Stories

The Bible told as a story, with audio and videos.

📱 Get the app

World in Stories

True stories of humanity that sound made up.

Feito! Pequenas Vitórias

A light daily routine for people who lose track of the day.