Números 14

VBL · Chapter 14/36

1Entonces todos los que estaban allí gritaron toda la noche.

2Todos los israelitas fueron y se quejaron a Moisés y Aarón, diciéndoles: “¡Ojalá hubiéramos muerto en Egipto, o aquí en este desierto!

3¿Por qué el Señor nos lleva a este país sólo para que nos maten? ¡Nuestras esposas e hijos serán capturados y llevados como esclavos! ¿No sería mejor que volviéramos a Egipto?”

4Se dijeron unos a otros: “Elijamos un nuevo líder y volvamos a Egipto”.

5Moisés y Aarón se postraron en el suelo frente a todos los israelitas reunidos.

6Josué, hijo de Nun, y Caleb, hijo de Jefone, estaban allí. Habían sido parte del grupo que había ido a espiar la tierra. Se rasgaron la ropa,

7y les dijeron a los israelitas: “El país que viajamos y exploramos tiene muy buena tierra.

8Si el Señor está contento con nosotros, nos llevará allí y nos la dará, una tierra tan productiva que es como si fluyera leche y miel.

9No se rebelen ni luchen contra el Señor. No hay que tener miedo de la gente que vive en el campo, ¡podemos cogerlos fácilmente! Están indefensos y el Señor está con nosotros. ¡No les tengan miedo!”

10En respuesta, todo el pueblo gritó: “¡Apedréenlos!” Pero la gloria del Señor apareció de repente en el Tabernáculo de Reunión, justo en medio de los israelitas.

11El Señor le dijo a Moisés: “¿Hasta cuándo me va a rechazar este pueblo? ¿Cuánto tiempo va a rechazar esta gente la confianza en mí, a pesar de todos los milagros que he hecho delante de ellos?

12Voy a enfermarlos con una enfermedad y matarlos. Entonces los convertiré en una nación más grande y fuerte que ellos”.

13Pero Moisés le dijo al Señor: “¡Los egipcios se enterarán de esto! Fue por tu poder que sacaste a los israelitas de entre ellos.

14Ellos le contarán todo al pueblo que vive en este país. Ya han oído que tú, Señor, estás con nosotros los israelitas, que tú, Señor, te muestras cara a cara, que tu nube los vigila, y que los conduces por una columna de nube durante el día y una columna de fuego por la noche.

15Si matas a toda esta gente de una sola vez, las naciones que han oído hablar de ti dirán:

16‘El Señor mató a este pueblo en el desierto porque no pudo llevarlos al país que prometió darles. Los ha matado a todos en el desierto’.

17“Ahora, Señor, por favor demuestra el alcance de tu poder tal como lo has dicho:

18El Señor es lento para enojarse y está lleno de amor confiable, perdonando el pecado y la rebelión. Sin embargo, no permitirá que los culpables queden impunes, trayendo las consecuencias del pecado de los padres a sus hijos, nietos y bisnietos.

19Por favor, perdona el pecado de estas personas ya que tu amor digno de confianza es tan grande, de la misma manera que los has perdonado desde que salieron de Egipto hasta ahora”.

20“Los he perdonado como me lo pediste”, respondió el Señor.

21“Pero aún así, juro por mi vida y toda mi gloria en la tierra,

22ni uno solo de los que vieron mi gloria y los milagros que hice en Egipto y en el desierto, sino que me provocaron y se negaron a obedecerme una y otra vez;

23ni uno solo de ellos va a ver el país que prometí a sus antepasados. Ninguno de los que me rechazaron lo verá.

24“Pero como mi siervo Caleb tiene un espíritu totalmente diferente y está totalmente comprometido conmigo, lo llevaré al país que visitó, y sus descendientes serán los dueños.

25Como los amalecitas y los cananeos viven en los valles, mañana deberán dar la vuelta y volver al desierto, tomando la ruta hacia el Mar Rojo”.

26El Señor le dijo a Moisés y Aarón,

27“¿Cuánto tiempo más me van a criticar estos malvados? Ya he oído lo que dicen, haciendo quejas en mi contra.

28Ve y diles: Juro por mi propia vida, declara el Señor, que cumpliré sus deseos, ¡créanme!

29Todos ustedes morirán en este desierto, todos los que fueron registrados en el censo que contó a los mayores de veinte años, y será porque se quejaron contra mi.

30Ninguno de ustedes entrará en el país que prometí darles, excepto Caleb, hijo de Jefone, y Josué, hijo de Nun.

31Sin embargo, me llevaré a sus hijos, los que dijeron que serían llevados como botín, al país que ustedes rechazaron, y ellos sí lo apreciarán.

32Pero todos ustedes van a morir en este desierto.

33Tus hijos vagarán por el desierto durante cuarenta años, sufriendo por su falta de confianza, hasta que todos sus cuerpos estén enterrados en el desierto.

34“Así como han explorado el país durante cuarenta días, su castigo por sus pecados será de cuarenta años, un año por cada día, y verán lo que ocurre cuando me opongo a ustedes.

35¡Yo, el Señor, así lo he dicho! Verán por ustedes mismos que haré esto con estos malvados israelitas que se han unido para oponerse a mí. Sus vidas acabarán en el desierto, y morirán allí”.

36Los hombres que Moisés había enviado a explorar el país – los que regresaron y porque dieron un mal informe hicieron que todos los israelitas se quejaran contra el Señor –

37los hombres que dieron el mal informe murieron ante el Señor de la peste.

38Los únicos que vivieron fueron Josué hijo de Nun y Caleb hijo de Jefone de los que fueron a explorar el país.

39Cuando Moisés dijo a los israelitas lo que el Señor había dicho estaban muy, muy tristes.

40Se levantaron temprano a la mañana siguiente planeando ir a las colinas. “Sí, realmente pecamos”, dijeron, “pero ahora estamos aquí e iremos donde el Señor nos dijo”.

41Pero Moisés se opuso. “¿Por qué desobedecen la orden del Señor? ¡No tendrán éxito en su plan!

42No intenten irse, porque sus enemigos los matarán, pues el Señor no está con ustedes.

43Los amalecitas y cananeos que viven allí los atacarán, y morirán por espada. Porque rechazaron al Señor, y no les ayudará”.

44Pero ellos fueron arrogantes y subieron a las colinas, aunque Moisés y el Arca del Pacto del Señor no se movieron del campamento.

45Los amalecitas y cananeos que vivían allí en las colinas bajaron y atacaron a esos israelitas y los derrotaron, y los persiguieron hasta Jormá.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Terrified by the spies' report, the people rebel and want to return to Egypt, even considering stoning Moses. God threatens to destroy the nation, but forgives after Moses' intercession — yet decrees that generation will wander in the wilderness for 40 years until they die, except for Caleb and Joshua.

Explanation

This is one of the most dramatic turning points in the Pentateuch: the people's unbelief in response to the spies' report results in the journey's greatest consequence — 40 years of wandering in the wilderness, one year for each day the spies spent investigating the land. Moses' intercession is a powerful model of intercessory prayer: he appeals not to the people's worthiness (which they had none), but to God's character and reputation among the nations, and to His own merciful nature revealed earlier (Exodus 34:6-7). Even though God forgives the rebellion in the sense of not destroying the nation, He still maintains just consequences — forgiveness does not mean the absence of consequences. The people's later attempt to go up on their own, without God's presence, ending in defeat, reinforces that late, self-directed obedience does not replace obedience at the right time.

Fun facts

  • The formula Moses quotes to God ('slow to anger, abounding in mercy, forgiving iniquity...', v. 18) is almost identical to God's self-revelation to Moses in Exodus 34:6-7, showing that Moses literally used God's own words to appeal for mercy.
  • This episode is cited in the New Testament (Hebrews 3:16-19) as a warning about the dangers of unbelief, using the wilderness generation as a direct historical example for early Christians.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Números 14:1The people’s reaction to the spies’ report is immediate: the whole congregation weeps aloud, all through the night.
  2. Números 14:2The whole people turn against Moses and Aaron, going so far as to say they would rather have died in Egypt or right there in the wilderness.
  3. Números 14:3They ask why God brought them there only to die by the sword, with their wives and children becoming plunder — and conclude it would be better to go back to Egypt.
  4. Números 14:4Frightened by the spies’ report, the people go so far as to propose choosing a new leader to go back to Egypt, rejecting both Moses and God’s promise. It is the peak of the chapter’s rebellion, and the consequence follows right after: this generation will not enter the promised land.
  5. Números 14:5Faced with the general revolt, Moses and Aaron fall face down before the whole congregation.
  6. Números 14:6Joshua and Caleb, the two spies who had disagreed with the negative report, tear their clothes as a sign of protest and mourning.
  7. Números 14:7The two try to convince the people otherwise, insisting that the land they had traveled through was, in fact, excellent.
  8. Números 14:8They reinforce the promise: if the Lord is pleased with the people, He will give them this land flowing with milk and honey, exactly as promised.
  9. Números 14:9Joshua and Caleb ask the people not to rebel against God nor fear the inhabitants of the land, comparing them to something easy to overcome, since their protection had weakened and the Lord was on Israel’s side.
  10. Números 14:10Instead of listening, the people threaten to stone the two of them, but at that very moment the glory of the Lord appears visibly at the tent of the congregation, interrupting everything.
  11. Números 14:11God asks Moses how long that people will despise Him and refuse to believe, despite all the signs already done among them.
  12. Números 14:12God threatens to strike the people with a plague and start over a new nation from Moses, greater and stronger than Israel.
  13. Números 14:13Moses intervenes, reminding God that the Egyptians will hear about what happened, since it was by His power that this people came out from among them.
  14. Números 14:14He argues that the inhabitants of the region have already heard about God’s visible presence among the people, guiding them by day in a cloud and by night in a pillar of fire.
  15. Números 14:15Moses warns that if God kills the whole people at once, the other nations who have heard of His fame will talk about it.
  16. Números 14:16They will say the Lord was not able to fulfill His promise to bring that people into the land He swore to give them, and so He killed them in the wilderness — an argument appealing to God’s reputation before the other nations.
  17. Números 14:17Moses then asks that the Lord’s power be shown great, exactly as He Himself had already declared before.
  18. Números 14:18Moses quotes back to God an already-known description of the divine character: patient, merciful, forgiving, yet not simply overlooking guilt. The line about the third and fourth generation reflects the ancient idea that the consequences of wrong choices could affect a family for generations, not that children were punished for their parents’ sins.
  19. Números 14:19Moses asks for forgiveness for the people’s sin, appealing to the greatness of God’s mercy, just as He had already forgiven repeatedly since they left Egypt.
  20. Números 14:20The Lord answers directly: He grants the forgiveness asked for, exactly according to Moses’s word.
  21. Números 14:21Even while forgiving the people, God solemnly declares that, as surely as He lives, His glory will fill the whole earth.
  22. Números 14:22But He reminds them that that generation had already seen His glory and His signs in Egypt and in the wilderness, and even so tested Him ten times, without obeying.
  23. Números 14:23Because of this, none of those who defied Him will see the land promised to their ancestors.
  24. Números 14:24In the midst of announcing that that whole generation would die in the wilderness, Caleb receives a clear exception: because he had “another spirit” and trusted God when the others spied out the land in fear, he and his descendants will enter the promised land. Together with Joshua, he is proof that the punishment was not blanket and indiscriminate — it depended on how each person had responded.
  25. Números 14:25Since the Amalekites and Canaanites occupied the valley, God commands the people to turn and head into the wilderness by the way of the Red Sea, avoiding that direction for now.
  26. Números 14:26The Lord speaks once more to Moses and Aaron, beginning the final sentence against the rebellious generation.
  27. Números 14:27God asks how much longer He will put up with that evil congregation, since He has clearly heard all the people’s complaints against Him.
  28. Números 14:28The sentence comes in the form of an oath: as surely as the Lord lives, He will do exactly what the people asked for out loud.
  29. Números 14:29Everyone who was counted in the census, twenty years old and up, and who complained against God, will fall dead in that very wilderness.
  30. Números 14:30None of them will enter the promised land, except Caleb and Joshua, the only two who disagreed with the fearful report.
  31. Números 14:31As for the little children, whom the people feared would become plunder of war, they are the ones who will enter the land their parents despised.
  32. Números 14:32As for the adults of that generation, their bodies will fall and remain in that very wilderness.
  33. Números 14:33The children will spend forty years as wandering shepherds in the wilderness, bearing the weight of their parents’ unfaithfulness until the last of that adult generation dies there.
  34. Números 14:34Just as the spies spent forty days exploring the land, the people will spend forty years wandering in the wilderness, a year for each day — a kind of symmetry in the punishment. This was the consequence of believing the fearful report instead of trusting the promise.
  35. Números 14:35The Lord confirms that this sentence is final: that whole rebellious congregation will come to an end and die right there in the wilderness.
  36. Números 14:36The text returns to mention the spies who brought the negative report, the same ones who stirred up the whole congregation’s revolt against Moses.
  37. Números 14:37These spies who spread the bad report about the land die soon after, struck down by a plague before the Lord.
  38. Números 14:38Only Joshua and Caleb, the two who disagreed with the fearful report, remain alive among the original twelve spies.
  39. Números 14:39Moses relays this whole sentence to the people, and the reaction is deep mourning among the Israelites.
  40. Números 14:40The next day, early in the morning, the people decide to go up to the top of the mountain on their own, saying that now they really would go up to the promised land, acknowledging their own sin.
  41. Números 14:41Moses tries to stop them, asking why they are disobeying the Lord’s command again, warning that it would not go well.
  42. Números 14:42He warns them not to go up, because the Lord would not be with them this time, and so they would be defeated in front of their own enemies.
  43. Números 14:43Moses explains the reason: the Amalekites and Canaanites were right there ahead of them, ready to strike them down with the sword, since the people had turned away from the Lord.
  44. Números 14:44Even so, out of stubbornness, the people insist on going up to the top of the mountain alone, without the ark of the covenant or Moses, who remain in the camp.
  45. Números 14:45The result is the announced defeat: the Amalekites and Canaanites come down from the mountain and attack the people, pursuing them all the way to a place called Hormah.

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