Números 27

VBL · Chapter 27/36

1Las hijas de Zelofead vinieron a presentar su caso. Su padre Zelofehad era hijo de Hefer, hijo de Galaad, hijo de Maquir, hijo de Manasés, y era de la tribu de Manasés, hijo de José. Los nombres de sus hijas eran Maala, Noa, Hogla, Milca y Tirsa. Vinieron

2y se presentaron ante Moisés, el sacerdote Eleazar, los líderes y todos los israelitas a la entrada del Tabernáculo de Reunión. Dijeron,

3“Nuestro padre murió en el desierto, pero no era uno de los seguidores de Coré que se unieron para rebelarse contra el Señor. No, murió por sus propios pecados, y no tuvo hijos.

4¿Por qué debería perderse el nombre de nuestra familia simplemente porque no tuvo un hijo? Danos tierra para que la poseamos junto a nuestros tíos”.

5Moisés llevó su caso ante el Señor.

6El Señor le dio esta respuesta,

7Lo que las hijas de Zelofehad están diciendo es correcto. Debes darles tierra para que la posean junto a sus tíos, dales lo que se le habría asignado a su padre.

8Además, dile a los israelitas: “Si un hombre muere y no tiene un hijo, dale su propiedad a su hija.

9Si no tiene una hija, da su propiedad a sus hermanos.

10Si no tiene hermanos, dé su propiedad a los hermanos de su padre.

11Si su padre no tiene hermanos, déle su propiedad a los parientes más cercanos de su familia para que puedan ser dueños de ella. Esta es una regulación legal para los israelitas, dada como una orden del Señor a Moisés”.

12El Señor le dijo a Moisés: “Sube a los montes de Abarim para que veas la tierra que he dado a los israelitas.

13Después que la hayas visto, también te unirás a tus antepasados en la muerte, como lo hizo tu hermano Aarón,

14porque cuando los israelitas se quejaron en el desierto de Zin, ambos se rebelaron contra mis instrucciones de mostrar mi santidad ante ellos en lo que respecta al suministro de agua”. (Estas fueron las aguas de Meribá en Cades, en el desierto de Zin).

15Entonces Moisés suplicó al Señor,

16“Que el Señor, el Dios que da la vida a todos los seres vivos, elija un hombre que guíe a los israelitas

17que les diga qué hacer y les muestre dónde ir, para que el pueblo del Señor no sea como ovejas sin pastor”.

18El Señor le dijo a Moisés: “Llama a Josué, hijo de Nun, un hombre que tiene el Espíritu en él, y pon tus manos sobre él.

19Haz que se ponga delante del sacerdote Eleazar y de todos los israelitas, y dedícalo mientras ellos velan.

20Entrégale algo de tu autoridad para que todos los israelitas le obedezcan.

21Cuando necesite instrucciones deberá ir ante Eleazar, el sacerdote, quien orará al Señor en su nombre y consultará la decisión usando el Urim. Josué les dará órdenes a todos los israelitas sobre todo lo que deben hacer”.

22Moisés siguió las instrucciones del Señor. Hizo que Josué viniera y se pusiera delante del sacerdote Eleazar y de todos los israelitas.

23Moisés puso sus manos sobre Josué y lo dedicó, tal como el Señor le había dicho que hiciera.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The daughters of Zelophehad ask Moses for the right to inherit their father's land, since he died without sons — and God establishes a new law of inheritance in response. God also tells Moses that he will see the promised land from the top of a mountain but will not enter it, and Joshua is formally appointed as his successor.

Explanation

The case of Zelophehad's daughters is a remarkable example of how biblical law could develop in response to concrete situations brought by ordinary people — in this case, women who courageously brought their case before the entire leadership, and whose claim was judged just by God even though it went beyond the traditional patriarchal custom of inheritance. Joshua's public appointment, with the visible transfer of authority ('honor') before the whole congregation, ensured a clear succession of leadership without disputes, unlike what happened with Korah. It is touching that when Moses learns he will not enter the land, he does not think of himself but immediately asks God for a capable leader for the people — a model of leadership that considers the well-being of the community above its own interests.

Fun facts

  • The question raised by Zelophehad's daughters was so significant that the new law of female inheritance established in response would be revised again in the last chapter of the book (Numbers 36), showing a rare biblical example of a legal issue being refined in two stages.
  • The 'judgment of Urim,' mentioned as the means by which Joshua would consult God through the priest (v. 21), refers to one of the sacred objects on the priestly breastplate (Exodus 28:30), whose exact function remains a mystery not fully explained in the biblical text.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Números 27:1The five daughters of Zelophehad, who died without leaving any sons, ask Moses for the right to inherit their father’s land, so that his name would not disappear. It is a case that forces a change in the law of inheritance, shown in the rest of the chapter, allowing daughters to inherit when there are no sons.
  2. Números 27:2The five daughters of Zelophehad present themselves before Moses, Eleazar, the leaders, and the whole congregation, at the entrance of the tent, to lay out their case.
  3. Números 27:3They explain that their father died in the wilderness on his own account, without having taken part in Korah’s rebellion, and that he left no son.
  4. Números 27:4The daughters ask why their father’s name should disappear from the family just for lack of a son, and request a portion of land among his relatives.
  5. Números 27:5Moses, without a ready answer, brings the case directly before the LORD to decide.
  6. Números 27:6The LORD answers Moses, confirming that the request from Zelophehad’s daughters was just.
  7. Números 27:7God determines that they should indeed receive a portion of land among their father’s relatives, passing his inheritance directly on to the daughters.
  8. Números 27:8From this case, a new general rule is established: if a man dies without a son, his inheritance passes to his daughter.
  9. Números 27:9If there is no daughter either, the inheritance passes to the deceased man’s brothers.
  10. Números 27:10If there are also no brothers, the inheritance goes to the brothers of the deceased man’s father.
  11. Números 27:11And if the father has no brothers either, the inheritance stays with the nearest relative in the family — this becomes the official law of inheritance for the whole people of Israel.
  12. Números 27:12After settling this law, the LORD changes the subject and tells Moses to go up Mount Abarim to view the promised land from a distance.
  13. Números 27:13God warns that after seeing the land, Moses will also die, being gathered to his people, just as had already happened with Aaron.
  14. Números 27:14The reason given is the same as before, the episode at the waters of Meribah, when Moses failed to honor God’s holiness before the people by striking the rock instead of simply speaking to it.
  15. Números 27:15Facing this announcement of his approaching death, Moses answers the LORD with a request instead of a complaint.
  16. Números 27:16Moses asks that God, who knows every living being, choose a successor to lead the congregation after him.
  17. Números 27:17Moses asks for someone who knows how to lead the people out and bring them in, so that Israel would not be like sheep without a shepherd.
  18. Números 27:18Before he dies, Moses is instructed to publicly present Joshua as his successor, laying his hands on him in front of the priest and all the people. It was a way of transferring leadership authority visibly, recognized by everyone, avoiding any doubt about who would be in charge afterward.
  19. Números 27:19The instruction is to formally present Joshua before Eleazar and the whole congregation, giving him authority publicly in front of everyone.
  20. Números 27:20Moses was to transfer part of his own authority to Joshua, so that the whole people would begin to obey him.
  21. Números 27:21Unlike Moses, who spoke directly with God, Joshua would depend on Eleazar to consult the LORD’s will through the Urim, and in that way would guide the people in decisions about when to go out or stay put.
  22. Números 27:22Moses does exactly as instructed: he takes Joshua and presents him before Eleazar and the whole congregation.
  23. Números 27:23He lays his hands on Joshua and formally commissions him, exactly as the LORD had commanded.

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