Números 22

VBL · Chapter 22/36

1Los israelitas avanzaron y acamparon en las llanuras de Moab al este del Jordán, frente a Jericó.

2Balac, hijo de Zippor, había visto todo lo que los israelitas habían hecho a los amorreos.

3Los moabitas estaban aterrorizados de los israelitas porque eran muchos. Los moabitas temían la llegada de los israelitas

4y dijeron a los líderes de Madián, “Esta horda se comerá todo lo que tenemos, como un buey se come la hierba del campo”. (Balac hijo de Zippor, era rey de Moab en ese momento).

5Envió mensajeros para llamar a Balaam, hijo de Beor, que vivía en Petor, cerca del río Éufrates en su propio país.

6Por favor, ven inmediatamente y maldice a estas personas por mí, porque son más fuertes que yo. Tal vez entonces pueda atacarlos y expulsarlos de mi país porque sé que quienquiera que bendiga es bendecido, y quienquiera que maldiga es maldito”.

7Entonces los líderes moabitas y madianitas partieron, llevándose el pago de la adivinación con ellos. Cuando llegaron, le dieron a Balaam el mensaje de Balac.

8“Pasen la noche y les haré saber la respuesta que me da el Señor”, les dijo Balaam. Así que los líderes moabitas se quedaron allí con Balaam.

9Dios vino a Balaam y le preguntó: “¿Quiénes son estos hombres que están contigo?”

10Balaam le dijo a Dios: “Balac, hijo de Zipor, el rey de Moab, me envió este mensaje:

11‘Escucha, ha llegado aquí un grupo de gente que ha venido de Egipto. Hay hordas de ellos. Por favor, ven inmediatamente y maldice a esta gente por mí. Tal vez así pueda luchar contra ellos y expulsarlos de mi país’”.

12Pero Dios le dijo a Balaam, “No debes volver con ellos. No debes maldecir a este pueblo porque están bendecidos”.

13Por la mañana Balaam se levantó y dijo a los mensajeros de Balac, “Vuelve al lugar de donde viniste porque el Señor se ha negado a permitirme ir contigo”.

14Los líderes moabitas se fueron. Volvieron donde Balac y le dijeron: “Balaam se negó a volver con nosotros”.

15Entonces Balac envió más líderes, unos que eran más prestigiosos que los anteriores.

16Cuando llegaron le dijeron a Balaam: “Esto es lo que dice Balac hijo de Zipor: ‘Por favor, no dejes que nada te impida venir a verme,

17porque te pagaré mucho y seguiré todos los consejos que me des. Por favor, ven y maldice a este pueblo por mí’”.

18Pero Balaam le dijo a los oficiales de Balac, “Aunque Balac me diera todo su palacio lleno de plata y oro, no podría desobedecer el mandato del Señor mi Dios de ninguna manera.

19Ahora también deberías pasar la noche para ver si el Señor tiene algo más que decirme”.

20Dios vino a Balaam durante la noche y le dijo, “Ya que estos hombres han venido por ti, levántate y ve con ellos. Pero sólo haz lo que yo te diga”.

21Por la mañana Balaam se levantó, puso una silla en su asno y se fue con los líderes moabitas.

22Dios se enfadó porque Balaam había decidido irse. El ángel del Señor vino y se paró en el camino para enfrentarlo. Balaam iba montado en su asno, y estaba acompañado por sus dos sirvientes.

23El asno vio al ángel del Señor de pie en el camino con una espada desenvainada, así que se apartó del camino y se fue a un campo. Así que Balaam lo golpeó para que volviera al camino.

24Entonces el ángel del Señor se paró en una parte estrecha del camino que pasaba entre dos viñedos, con muros a ambos lados.

25El asno vio al ángel del Señor e intentó pasar. Empujó contra la pared y aplastó el pie de Balaam contra ella. Así que lo golpeó de nuevo.

26Entonces el ángel del Señor se adelantó y se paró en un lugar estrecho donde no había espacio para pasar, ni a la derecha ni a la izquierda.

27El asno vio al ángel del Señor y se acostó bajo Balaam. Se enfadó y lo golpeó con su bastón.

28El Señor le dio al asno la habilidad de hablar y le dijo a Balaam: “¿Qué te he hecho para que me golpees tres veces?”

29“¡Me has hecho quedar como un estúpido!” Balaam le dijo al asno. “¡Si tuviera una espada, te mataría ahora!”

30Pero el asno le preguntó a Balaam, “¿No soy yo el asno que has montado toda tu vida hasta hoy? ¿Alguna vez te he tratado así antes?”

31Entonces el Señor le dio a Balaam la habilidad de ver al ángel del Señor de pie en el camino con una espada desenvainada. Balaam se inclinó y cayó al suelo boca abajo.

32El ángel del Señor le preguntó: “¿Por qué golpeaste a tu asno tres veces? Escucha, he venido a enfrentarme a ti porque estás siendo obstinado.

33El asno me vio y me evitó tres veces. Si no me hubiera evitado, ya te habría matado y dejado vivir al asno”.

34“He pecado porque no me di cuenta de que estabas parado en el camino para enfrentarme”, dijo Balaam al ángel del Señor, “Así que, si esto no es lo que quieres, volveré a casa”.

35El ángel del Señor le dijo a Balaam, “No, puedes ir con los hombres, pero sólo di lo que yo te diga”. Así que Balaam continuó con los oficiales de Balac.

36Cuando Balac se enteró de que Balaam estaba en camino, fue a reunirse con él en el pueblo moabita en la frontera del río Arnón, el punto más alejado de su territorio.

37Le dijo a Balaam, “¿No pensaste que mi llamada para que vinieras era urgente? ¿Por qué no viniste a mí inmediatamente? ¿Pensaste que no podía pagarte lo suficiente?”

38“Mira, estoy aquí contigo ahora, ¿no?” Balaam respondió. “¿Pero crees que puedo decir cualquier cosa? Sólo puedo decir las palabras que Dios me da para que las diga”.

39Así que Balaam se fue con Balac y llegaron a Quiriath-huzot.

40Balac sacrificó ganado y ovejas, y compartió la carne con Balaam y los líderes que estaban con él.

41A la mañana siguiente Balac llevó a Balaam hasta Bamot-baal. Desde allí pudo ver la extensión del campamento israelita.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Balak, king of Moab, terrified of Israel, hires the pagan prophet Balaam to curse the people. God at first prevents Balaam from going, then allows it under condition, but on the way an angel with a sword blocks Balaam's donkey, which speaks to him before he sees the angel.

Explanation

The story of Balaam is unique in the Bible: a non-Israelite prophet who genuinely hears and recognizes the voice of the true God, but whose inner motivation (the desire for the money and honor offered by Balak) puts him on a collision course with God's will even while appearing outwardly obedient. The episode of the talking donkey, both comic and serious at once, illustrates that God can use even the most unlikely means to get the attention of someone who has strayed — if an animal can see the angel before the 'seer' prophet can, this ironically exposes Balaam's momentary spiritual blindness. The central lesson: it is possible to have correct religious knowledge and still be spiritually compromised by greed or ambition disguised as obedience.

Fun facts

  • Balaam is mentioned outside the Bible: an archaeological inscription found at Deir Alla (Jordan), dated to around 800 BC, mentions a seer named 'Balaam, son of Beor,' confirming that he was a figure known in the region independently of the biblical account.
  • This is one of only two cases in the Bible of an animal speaking with understandable human speech (the other being the serpent in Eden), and the New Testament (2 Peter 2:16) cites this episode specifically as an example of divine rebuke against greed disguised as prophecy.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Números 22:1The people arrive at the plains of Moab, on the other side of the Jordan, facing Jericho — this will be the camp where Israel stays until the end of the book of Numbers.
  2. Números 22:2Balak, king of Moab, closely follows everything Israel had done against the Amorites in the previous battles.
  3. Números 22:3The sheer size of Israel’s people leaves Moab terrified, gripped by widespread dread at having such a large presence nearby.
  4. Números 22:4Balak compares Israel’s people to an ox licking up all the grass around it, and because of this decides to seek help from the elders of Midian to deal with the threat.
  5. Números 22:5Balak sends messengers to Balaam, a foreign seer living far away, asking him to come, since that people covered the land and was very close to him.
  6. Números 22:6Balak, king of Moab, afraid of the size of Israel’s people, sends for Balaam, a foreign prophet or seer known for his blessings and curses, to curse Israel before it was too late. This is the start of a story in which Balaam appears as an ambiguous figure: he wants to fulfill the paid request, but also seems to genuinely try to follow what God allows.
  7. Números 22:7The elders of Moab and Midian set out with payment in hand for the services of divination and arrive at Balaam’s, passing along Balak’s message.
  8. Números 22:8Balaam asks them to spend the night there, promising to give an answer according to what the LORD would tell him.
  9. Números 22:9God appears to Balaam that night and asks him who these men with him were.
  10. Números 22:10Balaam explains to God that Balak, king of Moab, had sent for him.
  11. Números 22:11He repeats Balak’s request: curse the people that covers the land, so that Moab could face them and drive them out.
  12. Números 22:12God responds directly: Balaam should not go with them nor curse that people, because they were already blessed.
  13. Números 22:13The next morning, Balaam tells Balak’s messengers to go home, since the LORD had refused to let him go with them.
  14. Números 22:14The messengers return to Balak and report that Balaam refused to go with them.
  15. Números 22:15Balak does not give up: he sends a second group of messengers, this time even more numerous and important than the first.
  16. Números 22:16This new group arrives repeating Balak’s request, urging Balaam not to delay in answering.
  17. Números 22:17Balak promises an even greater reward and full willingness to do whatever Balaam asked, as long as he came to curse the people.
  18. Números 22:18Balaam replies that not even a house full of silver and gold would make him disobey the command of the LORD his God in any way.
  19. Números 22:19Even so, Balaam asks these new messengers to also stay the night, to see whether the LORD would say something different this time.
  20. Números 22:20This time God allows Balaam to go with the messengers, but makes it clear he could only speak exactly what he was instructed to say.
  21. Números 22:21Balaam gets up in the morning, saddles his donkey, and sets out with the princes of Moab.
  22. Números 22:22Even though God had approved Balaam’s trip, an angel appears in the middle of the road to block him, sword in hand — except only the donkey can see the angel, not Balaam. This tension between what was permitted and the danger that still exists is typical of Balaam’s ambiguous role in the story.
  23. Números 22:23The donkey sees the angel of the LORD standing in the road with his sword drawn and leaves the road, going into the field; Balaam, seeing nothing, beats her to bring her back.
  24. Números 22:24The angel appears again, now in a narrow path between vineyards, with a wall on each side, leaving little room to move aside.
  25. Números 22:25The donkey presses against the wall to avoid the angel, crushing Balaam’s foot against it, and he beats her again.
  26. Números 22:26The angel appears a third time, now in a place so narrow there was no room to turn aside in either direction.
  27. Números 22:27With no way out, the donkey simply lies down under Balaam, who loses his patience and beats her with his staff.
  28. Números 22:28After being beaten three times for turning off the road, Balaam’s donkey speaks, asking what she had done wrong. It is one of the strangest moments in the Hebrew Bible, used to show that even an animal saw God’s will more clearly than the human prophet did at that moment.
  29. Números 22:29Furious, Balaam tells the donkey that if he had a sword in hand, he would kill her right there for making a fool of him like that.
  30. Números 22:30The donkey replies by asking whether, in all the years she had served Balaam, she had ever acted like this before — and he has to admit she had not.
  31. Números 22:31Only then does the LORD open Balaam’s eyes, and he finally sees the angel standing in the road with sword in hand, and immediately falls facedown.
  32. Números 22:32The angel asks why Balaam struck the donkey three times, revealing that he had come specifically to oppose him, because his way was wrong.
  33. Números 22:33The angel explains that if the donkey had not turned aside all three times, he would have already killed Balaam, sparing the animal instead.
  34. Números 22:34After seeing the angel, Balaam admits he sinned and offers to turn back, but the angel tells him to continue the journey, only speaking what God commands. This back-and-forth shows the character’s ambiguity well: he has real contact with God and ultimately obeys, but spends the whole time being pulled between what he wants to do and what he is allowed to do.
  35. Números 22:35The angel allows Balaam to continue the journey but repeats the condition: he could only say exactly what God told him to say.
  36. Números 22:36Learning that Balaam was arriving, Balak personally goes out to meet him, all the way to a city on the border of the Arnon.
  37. Números 22:37Balak complains, asking why Balaam took so long to come, since he had insisted so much and promised to honor him.
  38. Números 22:38Balaam replies that he has arrived, but warns from the start that he can only speak exactly what God puts in his mouth.
  39. Números 22:39Balaam continues with Balak until they reach the city of Kirjath-huzoth.
  40. Números 22:40There Balak sacrifices oxen and sheep, and sends part of the meat to Balaam and the leaders who were with him.
  41. Números 22:41The next morning, Balak takes Balaam up to a high place dedicated to Baal, from where he could see part of Israel’s camp.

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