Jueces 8

VBL · Chapter 8/21

1Entonces los hombres de Efraín le preguntaron a Gedeón: “¿Por qué nos has tratado así? ¿Por qué no nos llamaste cuando fuiste a atacar a los madianitas?” Allí discutieron acaloradamente con él.

2“¿Y acaso qué he logrado yo en comparación con ustedes?” respondió Gedeón. “¡Incluso las uvas que sobran en Efraín son mejores que toda la cosecha de uvas de Abiezer!

3Dios les entregó a Oreb y Zeeb, los dos comandantes madianitas. ¿Qué he conseguido yo a diferencia de ustedes?”. Cuando les dijo esto, su hostilidad hacia él se disipó.

4Entonces Gedeón cruzó el Jordán con sus trescientos hombres. Aunque estaban agotados, continuaron la búsqueda.

5Cuando llegaron a Sucot, Gedeón le pidió al pueblo de allí: “Por favor, dén les algo de pan a los hombres que vienen conmigo porque están agotados; estoy persiguiendo a Zeba y Zalmuna, los reyes madianitas”.

6Pero los dirigentes del pueblo de Sucot respondieron: “¿Por qué habríamos de darle pan a tu ejército si todavía no has capturado a Zeba y Zalmuna?”

7“¡En ese caso, tan pronto como el Señor me haya entregado a Zeba y a Zalmuna, volveré aquí y los azotaré con espinas y cardos del desierto!” respondió Gedeón.

8Entonces se fue y fue a Peniel y les hizo el mismo pedido, pero el pueblo de Peniel respondió lo mismo que el pueblo de Sucot.

9Entonces les dijo: “¡Cuando regrese victorioso, demoleré esta torre!”.

10Zeba y Zalmuna estaban en Carcor con sus ejércitos de unos quince mil hombres. Estos eran todos los que quedaban de los ejércitos del pueblo de Oriente; ya habían muerto ciento veinte mil hombres.

11Gedeón tomó la ruta de las caravanas hacia el este de Noba y Yogbea, y atacó a su ejército, tomándolos desprevenidos.

12Zeba y Zalmuna huyeron, pero él persiguió a los dos reyes madianitas y los capturó, derrotando a todo su ejército.

13Entonces Gedeón, hijo de Joás, regresó de la batalla por el paso de Heres.

14Allí capturó a un joven de Sucot y lo interrogó. El hombre le escribió los nombres de los setenta y siete líderes y ancianos de Sucot.

15Gedeón fue y les dijo a los líderes del pueblo de Sucot: “Aquí están Zeba y Zalmuna, de los que se burlaron cuando me dijeron: ‘¿Por qué debemos darle pan a tu ejército cansado cuando aún no has capturado a Zeba y Zalmuna?’”

16Así que tomó a los ancianos de la ciudad de Sucot y los castigó usando espinas y cardos del desierto.

17También derribó la torre de Peniel y mató a los hombres del pueblo.

18Entonces Gedeón les preguntó a Zeba y a Zalmuna: “¿Cómo eran los hombres que mataron en el Tabor?”

19“Esos eran mis hermanos, los hijos de mi madre”, estalló Gedeón. “¡Vive el Señor, si los hubieran dejado vivir, no los mataría a ustedes!”.

20Entonces le dijo a Jéter, su hijo mayor: “¡Anda, mátalos!”. Pero el joven se negó a sacar la espada, porque era joven y tenía miedo.

21Zeba y Zalmuna le dijeron a Gedeón: “¡Vamos, hazlo tú! Muéstrate como un hombre y mátanos”. Entonces Gedeón se acercó y mató a Zeba y a Zalmuna, y tomó los adornos en forma de media luna del cuello de sus camellos.

22Entonces los israelitas le dijeron a Gedeón: “Tú deberías ser nuestro gobernante. Tú, tu hijo y el hijo de tu hijo, porque tú nos has salvado de los madianitas”.

23“Yo no seré su gobernante, ni mi hijo tampoco”, respondió Gedeón. “El Señor será el gobernante de Israel”.

24Entonces Gedeón dijo: “Tengo una petición que hacerles: que cada uno de ustedes me dé un pendiente de su botín”. (Sus enemigos eran ismaelitas y llevaban pendientes de oro).

25“Te los daremos con gusto”, respondieron. Entonces extendieron un manto, y cada uno de ellos echó sobre él pendientes de su botín.

26El peso de los pendientes que recibió Gedeón era de 1.700 siclos, sin incluir los adornos, sino los colgantes y las prendas de color púrpura que llevaban los reyes madianitas ni las cadenas que llevaban al cuello de sus camellos.

27Con el oro, Gedeón hizo un efod, que colocó en su ciudad natal de Ofra. Todo Israel se prostituyó allí adorándolo como un ídolo, y se convirtió en una trampa para Gedeón y su familia.

28Así fue como los madianitas fueron subyugados ante los israelitas y no volvieron a ganar poder. Así, la tierra estuvo en paz durante cuarenta años, estando Gedeón en vida.

29Jerob-baal, hijo de Joás, volvió a su hogar y vivía en su propia casa.

30Gedeón tuvo setenta hijos, todos suyos, porque tuvo muchas esposas.

31Su concubina, que vivía en Siquem, también tuvo un hijo. Lo llamó Abimelec.

32Gedeón, hijo de Joás, murió a una edad avanzada y fue sepultado en la tumba de su padre Joás, en Ofra de los abiezritas.

33Pero en cuanto murió Gedeón, los israelitas volvieron a prostituirse, adorando ante los baales. Hicieron de Baal-berit su dios.

34Se olvidaron del Señor, su Dios, que los había salvado de todos los enemigos que los rodeaban.

35No mostraron ningún respeto a la familia de Jerob-baal (Gedeón) por todo el bien que había hecho por Israel.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Gideon pursues and captures the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna, punishes the towns that refused to help him, and refuses to become king, but later makes an ephod that becomes an object of idolatry.

Explanation

Gideon handles, with skillful diplomacy, the tribe of Ephraim's complaint about not having been called to battle, avoiding an unnecessary internal conflict right after the great victory. His refusal to become a hereditary king ('the Lord will rule over you,' v.23) reflects the theocratic ideal of Israel at this period, in which only God was to be recognized as supreme king. Yet the end of the chapter reveals a troubling contradiction: the same Gideon who refused the throne made an ephod (a priestly garment) from the gold of the plunder, which 'all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping' — showing how even well-intentioned leaders can plant the seeds of idolatry without realizing the lasting impact of their actions.

Fun facts

  • The 'ephod' Gideon made was not necessarily a simple priestly garment, but possibly a cult object used for oracular consultation, which explains why it became a center of idolatry.
  • Gideon had seventy sons by several wives, a number that would ironically repeat itself tragically in the following chapter when nearly all of them are murdered by his half-brother Abimelech.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Jueces 8:1The men of Ephraim complain to Gideon for not being called from the start of the war against the Midianites, and they argue sharply with him.
  2. Jueces 8:2Gideon calms them with diplomacy, saying that Ephraim’s part, capturing and killing the Midianite princes at the end, was worth more than his own entire campaign from the start.
  3. Jueces 8:3Gideon reminds them that it was God who delivered the princes Oreb and Zeeb into Ephraim’s hand, and this gentle answer calms the Ephraimites’ anger.
  4. Jueces 8:4Gideon comes to the Jordan and crosses over with the three hundred men, all of them worn out from the chase but still pressing on after the enemy.
  5. Jueces 8:5Gideon asks the men of Succoth for bread to feed his exhausted army, explaining that he is still pursuing the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna.
  6. Jueces 8:6The leaders of Succoth refuse to help, saying with contempt that Gideon has not even captured the two kings yet, so they will not give bread to his army.
  7. Jueces 8:7Gideon vows to come back and tear the flesh of the men of Succoth with the thorns and briers of the wilderness, once he has captured the two Midianite kings.
  8. Jueces 8:8Gideon goes up to Penuel and makes the same request, receiving the same refusal from the men there.
  9. Jueces 8:9To Penuel, Gideon promises that he will tear down the city’s tower when he returns victorious, a threat similar to the one he made at Succoth.
  10. Jueces 8:10The Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna are at Karkor with what is left of their army, about fifteen thousand men, since a hundred and twenty thousand had already fallen in the earlier battle.
  11. Jueces 8:11Gideon attacks by the route of those who dwell in tents, east of Nobah and Jogbehah, catching the enemy army off guard, since it no longer expected another attack.
  12. Jueces 8:12Zebah and Zalmunna flee, but Gideon pursues them, captures the two Midianite kings, and scatters what remains of their entire army.
  13. Jueces 8:13Gideon returns from battle before sunrise, the mission of pursuit already accomplished.
  14. Jueces 8:14Along the way he catches a young man of Succoth and forces him to write down the names of the city’s seventy-seven leaders and elders.
  15. Jueces 8:15Gideon confronts the men of Succoth, showing them the captured kings, throwing back at them the very taunt they had used before refusing him bread.
  16. Jueces 8:16Gideon takes the elders of the city and tears their flesh with the thorns and briers of the wilderness, carrying out the threat he had made earlier.
  17. Jueces 8:17He also tears down the tower of Penuel and kills the men of the city, carrying out the second threat made during the pursuit.
  18. Jueces 8:18Gideon asks Zebah and Zalmunna about some men they had killed at mount Tabor, and the kings answer that they looked like the sons of a king, so noble was their bearing.
  19. Jueces 8:19Gideon reveals that the men killed at Tabor were his own brothers, sons of his mother, and says that if they had spared his brothers’ lives, he would spare theirs now.
  20. Jueces 8:20Gideon orders his eldest son, Jether, to kill the two kings, but the boy hesitates and does not draw his sword, still too young for the act.
  21. Jueces 8:21The Midianite kings themselves ask Gideon to kill them, since they would rather die by a grown man’s hand; Gideon kills them and takes the crescent ornaments that were on the necks of their camels.
  22. Jueces 8:22After the victory, the men of Israel ask Gideon to rule over them, along with his son and his grandson, as a reward for delivering them from the Midianites.
  23. Jueces 8:23Gideon refuses to become a hereditary king, saying that only the Lord should rule over Israel, a stance that contrasts sharply with what his son Abimelech will later try to seize by force.
  24. Jueces 8:24Gideon then makes a different request: that each man give him the gold earrings taken as spoil from the Midianites, since that people, being Ishmaelites, wore ornaments of gold.
  25. Jueces 8:25The people gladly agree, spread a garment on the ground, and each man throws in it the gold earring he had taken in the war.
  26. Jueces 8:26The gold collected weighs seventeen hundred shekels, not counting the crescent ornaments, pendants, purple garments worn by the Midianite kings, and the chains around the camels’ necks.
  27. Jueces 8:27The golden ephod that Gideon has made from the spoils of war becomes, without the text ever explaining exactly how, an object of worship that leads the people astray, including Gideon’s own family, away from the path he had helped open.
  28. Jueces 8:28With this defeat, the Midianites are humbled before Israel and never recover; the land has rest for forty years during Gideon’s lifetime.
  29. Jueces 8:29After all this, Gideon (here called Jerubbaal) goes back to live in his own house, taking on no title of king.
  30. Jueces 8:30Gideon has seventy sons, because he had many wives, a detail that already sets up the violent struggle for power in the next chapter.
  31. Jueces 8:31Gideon’s concubine in Shechem gives birth to Abimelech, whose name suggests ambition to reign. It is a sign, even at birth, of what will drive him to kill his own half-brothers in the next chapter.
  32. Jueces 8:32Gideon dies in a good old age and is buried in the tomb of his father Joash, in Ophrah.
  33. Jueces 8:33As soon as Gideon dies, Israel again turns corrupt after the Baalim, now specifically adopting Baal-berith as their god.
  34. Jueces 8:34The people forget the Lord, who had delivered them from all their enemies on every side, repeating the same old pattern of ingratitude.
  35. Jueces 8:35Israel also fails to show kindness to the family of Jerubbaal, that is, of Gideon, despite all the good he had done for the people. This ingratitude explains much of the violence Abimelech will commit in the very next chapter.

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