Jueces 2

VBL · Chapter 2/21

1El ángel del Señor fue de Gilgal a Boquín y le dijo al pueblo: “Yo los saqué de la tierra de Egipto y los traje a esta tierra que les prometí a sus antepasados, y les dije que nunca rompería el acuerdo que hice con ustedes.

2También les dije que no hicieran ningún acuerdo con los pueblos que vivían en la tierra y que derribaran sus altares. Pero ustedes se negaron a obedecer lo que les dije. ¿Por qué hiciste esto?

3También os advertí: ‘No los expulsaré delante de ustedes, y serán trampas para ustedes, y sus dioses serán trampas para ustedes’”.

4Después de que el ángel del Señor explicó esto a todos los israelitas, el pueblo lloró a gritos.

5Por eso llamaron al lugar Boquín, y presentaron allí sacrificios al Señor.

6Después de que Josué despidió al pueblo, los israelitas fueron a tomar posesión de la tierra, cada uno a su tierra asignada.

7El pueblo siguió adorando al Señor durante toda la vida de Josué, y durante toda la vida de los ancianos que le sobrevivieron, los que habían visto todas las cosas maravillosas que el Señor había hecho por Israel.

8Josué, hijo de Nun, siervo del Señor, murió a la edad de ciento diez años.

9Lo enterraron en Timnat-Jeres, en la región montañosa de Efraín, al norte del monte Gaas, la tierra que le había sido asignada.

10Una vez que pasó esa generación, la siguiente no conoció al Señor ni lo que había hecho por Israel.

11Los israelitas hicieron lo que era malo a los ojos del Señor, y adoraron a los baales.

12Abandonaron al Señor, el Dios de sus antepasados, que los había sacado de Egipto. Siguieron a otros dioses, inclinándose en adoración a los dioses de los pueblos que los rodeaban, haciendo enojar al Señor.

13Abandonaron al Señor y adoraron a los ídolos Baal y Astarot.

14Como el Señor se enojó con Israel, los entregó a los invasores que los saquearon. Los vendió a sus enemigos de alrededor, enemigos a los que ya no podían resistir.

15Cada vez que Israel entraba en batalla, el Señor luchaba contra ellos y los derrotaba, tal como les había advertido y como había jurado que haría. Estaban en un gran apuro.

16Entonces el Señor les dio jueces, que los salvaran de sus invasores.

17Pero aun así, se negaban a escuchar a sus jueces y se prostituyeron siguiendo a otros dioses, inclinándose ante ellos. Rápidamente abandonaron el camino que habían seguido sus antepasados, y no obedecieron los mandamientos del Señor como lo habían hecho sus antepasados.

18Cuando el Señor proveyó a Israel de jueces, estuvo con cada juez y salvó al pueblo de sus enemigos durante la vida de ese juez, porque el Señor se compadecía de su pueblo, que gemía bajo sus opresores y perseguidores.

19Pero cuando el juez moría, el pueblo recaía y hacía cosas incluso peores que sus antepasados, siguiendo a otros dioses y adorándolos. Se negaron a dejar lo que hacían y se aferraron a sus costumbres obstinadas.

20Como resultado, el Señor se enojó con Israel y les dijo: “Debido a que esta nación ha quebrantado el acuerdo que ordené a sus antepasados que obedecieran, y no ha prestado atención a lo que dije,

21de ahora en adelante no expulsaré ante ellos a ninguna de las naciones que Josué dejó al morir.

22Esto es con el fin de usarlas para probar a Israel y ver si guardan el camino del Señor y lo siguen como lo hicieron sus antepasados”.

23Esta es la razón por la que el Señor permitió que esas naciones permanecieran, y no las expulsó inmediatamente entregándolas a Josué.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

An angel of the Lord rebukes Israel for making a covenant with the Canaanites. After the death of Joshua and his generation, the people turn to other gods, beginning the cycle of sin, oppression, crying out, and deliverance.

Explanation

This chapter functions as a theological summary of the entire book of Judges, explaining the cyclical pattern that will repeat dozens of times: Israel abandons God, is handed over to oppressors, cries out for help, God raises up a deliverer-judge, there is peace for a time, and then the cycle begins again, usually worse than before. The key phrase is that a 'generation that did not know the Lord' arose, showing that genuine faith is not automatically passed down — it must be actively taught and lived out before one's children. God allows the remaining nations to stay as a test of Israel's faithfulness, revealing that trials and temptations serve a formative purpose and are not merely random obstacles.

Fun facts

  • The place called 'Bochim' (meaning 'those who weep') received its name because of the people's weeping in response to the angel of the Lord's rebuke, becoming a geographic landmark of national mourning.
  • The cycle of Judges — sin, oppression, crying out, deliverance, peace — repeats at least seven times throughout the book, considered one of the most tightly structured literary patterns in the Old Testament.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Jueces 2:1The angel of the Lord goes up from Gilgal to Bochim and reminds Israel that God brought them out of Egypt and promised never to break the covenant made with the people.
  2. Jueces 2:2God had commanded them to make no covenant with the peoples of the land and to tear down their altars, but Israel did not obey. This is the direct accusation that opens the angel’s speech.
  3. Jueces 2:3Because of this disobedience, God warns that He will no longer drive out the peoples who remain; they will be thorns among Israel, and their gods a snare. This explains the suffering described in the chapters that follow.
  4. Jueces 2:4On hearing these words from the angel, the people weep loudly, showing that they felt the weight of the rebuke.
  5. Jueces 2:5Because of this weeping, the place is named Bochim, meaning “those who weep,” and there the people offer sacrifices.
  6. Jueces 2:6The text now steps back in time: after Joshua sent the people away, each tribe went to take possession of its own inheritance of land.
  7. Jueces 2:7The people served the Lord throughout Joshua’s whole life and also throughout the lives of the elders who outlived him and had seen with their own eyes the great works of God.
  8. Jueces 2:8Joshua dies at the age of 110, the same age as Joseph, his predecessor in leading the people back in Egypt centuries earlier, a number the Egyptians considered ideal for a complete life.
  9. Jueces 2:9He is buried in his own inheritance, at Timnath-heres, in the mountains of Ephraim.
  10. Jueces 2:10That whole generation also dies, and another rises up that did not know the Lord or what He had done for Israel. It is this generation that opens the door to the cycle of unfaithfulness that dominates the book.
  11. Jueces 2:11The Israelites begin doing evil in the sight of the Lord and serving the Baalim, the local gods. This is the first time the book describes this pattern, which will keep repeating.
  12. Jueces 2:12They abandon the Lord, who had brought them out of Egypt, and follow after the gods of the surrounding peoples, provoking God’s anger.
  13. Jueces 2:13More specifically, they serve Baal and Ashtaroth, the chief Canaanite gods of the time.
  14. Jueces 2:14The Lord’s anger burns, and He hands Israel over to plunderers and surrounding enemies, to the point that they can no longer stand against them.
  15. Jueces 2:15Wherever Israel went, the hand of the Lord was against them, exactly as He had sworn before. The people live under great distress.
  16. Jueces 2:16A judge in this book is not someone who presides over a courtroom; he is a charismatic military leader, raised up in a specific crisis to deliver the people from an oppressor. Once the danger passes, he does not rule as a king, and the position is not hereditary.
  17. Jueces 2:17Even so, the people would not listen even to the judges: they ran after other gods and quickly turned aside from the path their fathers had followed in obedience to the commandments of the Lord.
  18. Jueces 2:18The pattern described here repeats throughout the whole book: the people drift from God, are oppressed, cry out, receive a judge who brings relief for as long as he lives, and fall back into corruption as soon as he dies. It is this cycle of unfaithfulness, oppression, crying out, and deliverance that gives structure to nearly all the chapters that follow.
  19. Jueces 2:19But as soon as the judge died, the people would return to corruption, worse than their fathers, following other gods without giving up any of their evil ways. This is the final stage of the cycle that repeats throughout the book.
  20. Jueces 2:20The Lord’s anger burns against Israel because the people broke the covenant He had commanded their ancestors and did not listen to His voice.
  21. Jueces 2:21Because of this, God decides not to drive out any more of the nations that Joshua left behind when he died.
  22. Jueces 2:22The reason is to test Israel, to see whether the people will keep the way of the Lord as their ancestors kept it, or not.
  23. Jueces 2:23So the Lord let those nations remain, neither driving them out quickly nor handing them over into Joshua’s hand.

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