Jueces 21

VBL · Chapter 21/21

1Los hombres de Israel habían hecho un juramento en Mizpa: “Ninguno de nosotros permitirá que nuestras hijas se casen con un benjamita”.

2Los israelitas fueron a Betel y se sentaron allí ante Dios hasta el atardecer, llorando a gritos de angustia.

3“Señor, Dios de Israel, ¿por qué le ha sucedido esto a Israel?” , preguntaron. “Hoy falta una de nuestras tribus en Israel”.

4Al día siguiente se levantaron temprano, construyeron un altar y trajeron holocaustos y ofrendas de comunión.

5“¿Cuál de todas las tribus de Israel no asistió a la asamblea que celebramos ante el Señor?” , preguntaron. Porque habían hecho un juramento sagrado de que cualquiera que no se presentara ante el Señor en Mizpa sería ejecutado sin excepción.

6Los israelitas se compadecieron de su hermano Benjamín, diciendo: “¡Hoy una tribu ha sido arrancada de Israel!

7¿Qué haremos con las esposas para los que quedan, ya que hemos jurado ante el Señor que no permitiremos que ninguna de nuestras hijas se case con ellos?”

8Entonces preguntaron: “¿Quién de todas las tribus de Israel no asistió a la asamblea que celebramos ante el Señor en Mizpa?” Descubrieron que nadie de Jabés Galaad había acudido al campamento para la asamblea,

9pues una vez hecho el recuento, no había nadie de Jabés Galaad.

10Así que la asamblea envió allí a doce mil de sus mejores guerreros. Les dieron órdenes, diciendo: “Vayan y maten a los habitantes de Jabes de Galaad con sus espadas, incluso a las mujeres y a los niños.

11Esto es lo que tienen que hacer: Destruyan a todo varón y a toda mujer que haya tenido relaciones sexuales con un hombre”.

12Lograron encontrar entre los habitantes de Jabés Galaad cuatrocientas vírgenes que no habían tenido relaciones sexuales con un hombre. Las llevaron al campamento de Silo, en la tierra de Canaán.

13Entonces toda la asamblea envió un mensaje a los benjamitas en la Roca de Rimón para decirles: “¡Paz!”

14Así que los hombres de Benjamín regresaron a sus casas y les dieron como esposas a las cuatrocientas mujeres de Jabes Galaad que se habían salvado. Sin embargo, no había suficiente para todos ellos.

15El pueblo se compadeció de los benjamitas porque el Señor había hecho este vacío entre las tribus israelitas.

16Los ancianos de la asamblea preguntaron: “¿Qué haremos para suplir a las esposas restantes, porque todas las mujeres de Benjamín han sido destruidas?”

17Añadieron: “Tiene que haber herederos para los supervivientes benjaminitas; una tribu israelita de Israel no puede ser aniquilada.

18Pero no podemos permitirles que tengan a nuestras hijas como esposas, ya que nosotros, como pueblo de Israel, hicimos un juramento sagrado, diciendo: ‘¡Maldito aquél que le dé una esposa a un benjaminita!’”

19Entonces dijeron: “¡Mira! Todos los años se celebra la fiesta del Señor en Silo. Se celebra al norte de Betel, y al este del camino que va de Betel a Siquem, al sur de Lebona”.

20Entonces ordenaron a los benjamitas: “Vayan y escóndanse en las viñas.

21Estén atentos, y cuando vean a las jóvenes de Silo salir a hacer sus danzas, salgan corriendo de las viñas, y cada uno de ustedes secuestre una esposa para sí mismo y regrese a su casa en la tierra de Benjamín.

22Si sus padres o hermanos vienen a quejarse a nosotros, les diremos: ‘Por favor, hágannos un favor, porque no pudimos encontrar suficientes esposas para ellos en la guerra. Y no es que ustedes sean culpables de romper el juramento, ya que no las dieron en matrimonio’”.

23Los benjaminitas hicieron lo que se les ordenó. Cada hombre tomó a una de las mujeres bailarinas hasta donde fue necesario y se la llevó para que fuera su esposa. Luego regresaron a su tierra, donde reconstruyeron sus ciudades y habitaron en ellas.

24Luego los israelitas partieron y se fueron a sus tribus y familias, cada uno a la tierra que poseía.

25En aquel tiempo Israel no tenía un rey; cada uno hacía lo que le parecía correcto.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Israel regrets nearly wiping out Benjamin and seeks ways to secure wives for the survivors, including attacking Jabesh-gilead and allowing the abduction of young women during a festival at Shiloh.

Explanation

Israel's belated regret over having rashly sworn not to give their daughters in marriage to the Benjamites shows the troubling consequences of vows made in anger without considering their long-term implications - similar to the mistake made by Jephthah in chapter 11. The solutions found, including a violent attack on Jabesh-gilead and the sanctioned abduction of young women dancing at a religious festival, are presented by the text without explicit moral approval, but as an honest portrait of the ethical chaos of the time. The book ends with exactly the same phrase that opened the final section: 'there was no king in Israel; every man did that which was right in his own eyes' - a deliberate closing that prepares the reader for the need for a monarchy, a theme that will soon be developed in 1 Samuel.

Fun facts

  • Jabesh-gilead, attacked in this chapter, would decades later be the first place Saul defended as Israel's new king in 1 Samuel 11, suggesting a historical connection between the two events preserved in local memory.
  • The final phrase of the book of Judges is repeated almost identically in Judges 17:6, forming a literary framing structure (inclusio) that encloses the entire final section of chapters on moral and religious decay.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Jueces 21:1Before the war, the men of Israel had sworn at Mizpeh that none of them would give his daughter in marriage to a Benjamite, an oath that now complicates the rebuilding of the nearly extinct tribe.
  2. Jueces 21:2The people go to Bethel and stay there before God until evening, weeping a very great weeping over what had happened.
  3. Jueces 21:3They ask the Lord why this has happened in Israel, to the point that an entire tribe has almost disappeared.
  4. Jueces 21:4The next day, the people build an altar there and offer burnt offerings and peace offerings, trying to deal with the weight of what they have done.
  5. Jueces 21:5The Israelites ask who among the tribes did not take part in the gathering at Mizpeh, since they had made a solemn oath: whoever did not come would be put to death.
  6. Jueces 21:6The people feel sorry for Benjamin, their own brother, realizing that an entire tribe of Israel has been all but cut off.
  7. Jueces 21:7They ask themselves what to do about wives for the Benjamites who are left, since they had sworn not to give their own daughters to them.
  8. Jueces 21:8Checking who had not come to the gathering at Mizpeh, they find that no one from Jabesh-gilead had attended.
  9. Jueces 21:9When they count the people, they confirm that indeed no inhabitant of Jabesh-gilead was present at the assembly.
  10. Jueces 21:10The assembly sends twelve thousand warriors to attack Jabesh-gilead, with orders to kill even the women and children, a punishment for not taking part in the collective oath.
  11. Jueces 21:11The specific instruction is to kill every man and every woman who has known a man by lying with him, sparing only those who have not.
  12. Jueces 21:12They find four hundred young virgins in Jabesh-gilead, whom they bring to the camp at Shiloh, in the land of Canaan, as possible wives for Benjamin.
  13. Jueces 21:13The assembly sends messengers to offer peace to the surviving Benjamites who were still hiding at the rock of Rimmon.
  14. Jueces 21:14The Benjamites come back, and receive these women from Jabesh-gilead as wives, but there are still not enough for all the men who are left.
  15. Jueces 21:15The people keep feeling sorry for Benjamin, because the Lord had allowed such a great breach among the tribes of Israel.
  16. Jueces 21:16The elders of the assembly ask again what to do to find wives for the Benjamites who are left, since almost all the women of the tribe were killed in the war.
  17. Jueces 21:17They recognize that this inheritance of Benjamin's survivors must be preserved, so that the tribe does not vanish from Israel for good.
  18. Jueces 21:18But they remain bound by their own oath not to give their daughters in marriage to men of Benjamin, under penalty of a curse.
  19. Jueces 21:19So they remember there is a yearly feast of the Lord at Shiloh, in a precise location between Bethel and Shechem, north of Lebonah.
  20. Jueces 21:20They instruct the Benjamites to hide in the vineyards near Shiloh, waiting for the right moment during the feast.
  21. Jueces 21:21The plan is that, when the young women of Shiloh come out to dance in the celebrations, each Benjamite will come out of the vineyard and seize one of them to take as a wife to the land of Benjamin.
  22. Jueces 21:22They also agree on what to say to the fathers and brothers of these young women if they complain: to ask for mercy, since technically no one gave away his own daughter, thus sidestepping the oath made earlier.
  23. Jueces 21:23The Benjamites follow this plan, take the wives they need during the dance, return to their own land, and rebuild the cities to live in them.
  24. Jueces 21:24After this, the Israelites also disperse, each one returning to his own tribe and his inheritance of land.
  25. Jueces 21:25The book ends by repeating that there was no king in Israel and everyone did what was right in his own eyes. The line sums up the pattern of the final chapters: violence and decisions made with no shared authority at all.

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