Jueces 14

VBL · Chapter 14/21

1Un día Sansón fue a Timná, donde le llamó la atención una joven filistea.

2Volvió a su casa y les dijo a su padre y a su madre: “Una mujer filistea en Timná me ha llamado la atención. Tráiganmela porque quiero casarme con ella”.

3Pero su padre y su madre le respondieron: “¿No puedes encontrar una joven de nuestra tribu o de nuestro propio pueblo? ¿Tienes que ir donde los filisteos paganos para conseguir una esposa?”

4(Su padre y su madre no se daban cuenta de que esto estaba en los planes del Señor, que buscaba una oportunidad para enfrentarse a los filisteos, porque en ese momento los filisteos gobernaban sobre Israel).

5Sansón fue a Timná con su padre y su madre. Cuando pasaron por los viñedos de Timna, de repente salió un león joven rugiendo para atacarlo.

6El Espíritu del Señor se apoderó de él y desgarró al león con sus propias manos, con la misma facilidad con que se desgarra un cabrito. Pero no le dijo a su padre ni a su madre lo que había hecho. Luego siguió su camino.

7Cuando Sansón habló con la mujer, decidió que ella era la indicada para él.

8Más tarde, cuando Sansón volvió para casarse con ella, se apartó del camino para buscar el cadáver del león. Dentro del cuerpo había un enjambre de abejas y su miel.

9Raspó un poco de miel en sus manos y la comió mientras caminaba. Cuando volvió con su padre y su madre, les dio un poco y se la comieron. Pero no les dijo que había tomado la miel del cadáver de un león.

10Mientras su padre iba a visitar a la mujer, Sansón organizó una fiesta para beber, porque esa era la costumbre entre los jóvenes de clase alta.

11Cuando el pueblo filisteo lo vio, dispuso que treinta hombres lo acompañaran.

12“Dejen que les diga un acertijo”, les dijo Sansón. “Si pueden encontrar su significado y explicármelo durante los siete días de la fiesta, yo les daré treinta mantos de lino y treinta mudas de ropa.

13Pero si no pueden explicármelo, ustedes me darán a mi treinta mantos de lino y treinta mudas de ropa”.

14“La comida salió del que come, y la dulzura salió del fuerte”, dijo. Tres días después todavía no lo habían resuelto.

15Al cuarto día se acercaron a la mujer de Sansón y le dijeron: “Utiliza tus encantos para que tu marido te explique el acertijo y luego nos lo cuentes, o te quemaremos a ti y a toda tu familia hasta la muerte. ¿Nos has traído aquí sólo para robarnos?”

16Entonces la mujer de Sansón fue llorando hacia él, diciendo: “¡Realmente me odias, no es así! ¡No me amas en absoluto! Has planteado un enigma a mi pueblo, pero ni siquiera me lo has explicado”.

17Ella lloró delante de él durante todo el tiempo que duró la fiesta, y al final, al séptimo día, se lo explicó porque ella lo regañaba mucho. Entonces les explicó el significado del acertijo a los jóvenes filisteos.

18Antes de que se pusiera el sol del séptimo día, los hombres de la ciudad se acercaron a Sansón y le dijeron: “¿Qué es más dulce que la miel? ¿Qué es más fuerte que un león?”

19El Espíritu del Señor se apoderó de él y se dirigió a Ascalón, mató a treinta de sus hombres, tomó sus ropas y se las dio a los que habían explicado el enigma. Furioso, Sansón devolvió a la casa de su padre.

20La mujer de Sansón fue entregada a su padrino, que lo había acompañado en su boda.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Samson marries a Philistine woman against his parents' wishes, kills a lion on the way to the wedding, poses a riddle at the feast, and reacts with violence when his wife reveals the answer to the Philistines.

Explanation

Samson's marriage to a Philistine woman, despite the clear prohibition against intermarriage, is described by the text itself as something that 'was of the LORD,' who used this questionable decision of Samson's as an occasion to confront the Philistines - showing how God can work through complicated circumstances without approving the disobedience itself. The riddle of the lion ('out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness') and its solution through his wife's betrayal reveals the pattern that would repeat throughout Samson's life: his impressive physical strength walked hand in hand with emotional weakness before women who manipulated him. This chapter already establishes the tragic cycle of impulsiveness and personal revenge that would mark his entire career as judge.

Fun facts

  • The custom of posing riddles at wedding feasts, with clothing wagered as the prize, was a social practice documented in various cultures of the ancient Near East as a form of entertainment among guests.
  • The honey found in the dead lion's carcass is biologically plausible: bees can build hives in the cavities of bones and dry carcasses in hot climates like that of Israel.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Jueces 14:1Samson goes down to Timnath and sees there a Philistine woman who pleases him.
  2. Jueces 14:2He comes back and asks his parents to arrange this marriage, having already decided he wants that Philistine woman as his wife.
  3. Jueces 14:3His parents are puzzled, asking why he wants to marry an uncircumcised Philistine instead of choosing someone from his own people; Samson insists, saying she is the one who pleases him.
  4. Jueces 14:4The text explains that Samson's desire for a Philistine woman came, without his knowing it, from an opportunity God was using against the Philistines. It is a passage in which the narrative credits God with a plan behind a choice Samson's parents considered wrong.
  5. Jueces 14:5Samson goes down to Timnath with his parents, and as he draws near the vineyards there, a young lion roars and comes toward him.
  6. Jueces 14:6The Spirit of the Lord comes upon Samson with such force that he tears the lion apart with his bare hands, as one would tear a young goat, without telling his parents anything about it.
  7. Jueces 14:7Samson goes down and talks with the woman, who still pleases him well.
  8. Jueces 14:8Days later, returning to get her, Samson turns aside to see the dead lion's carcass and finds a swarm of bees making honey inside it.
  9. Jueces 14:9He scoops out the honey with his own hands, eats it as he walks along, and even gives some to his parents, without telling them where he got it.
  10. Jueces 14:10Samson's father goes down to the woman, and Samson holds a wedding feast there, as was the custom among young men of that time.
  11. Jueces 14:11When they see Samson, the local Philistines choose thirty companions to stay with him during the feast.
  12. Jueces 14:12Samson proposes a riddle to the thirty companions: if they can solve it during the seven days of the feast, he will give them thirty linen garments and thirty changes of clothing.
  13. Jueces 14:13But if they cannot, they must give Samson those same prizes instead; the companions accept the challenge and ask to hear the riddle.
  14. Jueces 14:14Samson's riddle only makes sense to someone who knows the story of the dead lion with the honeycomb inside it, something only he and his parents had seen. This explains why no one can solve it unless his wife pries the answer out of him first.
  15. Jueces 14:15On the seventh day, the companions threaten Samson's wife, saying they will burn her and her father's house if she does not get the secret of the riddle from her husband.
  16. Jueces 14:16His wife weeps before Samson, saying he does not truly love her since he will not even tell her the riddle; Samson answers that he has not told even his own parents, so why would he tell her.
  17. Jueces 14:17She weeps through the seven days of the feast until he gives in and tells her, worn down by so much pressing; she then passes the answer on to the Philistine companions.
  18. Jueces 14:18On the seventh day, before sunset, the men of the city answer the riddle correctly; Samson realizes at once that they only found it out because they used his wife against him, comparing it to plowing with his heifer.
  19. Jueces 14:19Furious, Samson kills thirty Philistine men in Ashkelon, takes their clothes to pay off the bet, and goes up angrily to his father's house, without returning to his wife.
  20. Jueces 14:20Samson's wife ends up being given to the companion who had attended him at the wedding, leaving the situation even more tense for the next chapter.

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