Génesis 48

VBL · Chapter 48/50

1Algún tiempo después de esto, le dijeron a José: “Tu padre está enfermo”. Así que José fue a verlo, llevándose a sus dos hijos Manasés y Efraín.

2Cuando le dijeron a Jacob: “Tu hijo José ha venido a verte”, reunió sus fuerzas y se sentó en la cama.

3Jacob le dijo a José: “El Dios Todopoderoso se me apareció en Luz, en el país de Canaán, y me bendijo allí.

4Me dijo: ‘¡Escucha! Te haré próspero y haré que tu descendencia sea tan numerosa que te convertirás en el antepasado de muchas naciones, y daré esta tierra a tus descendientes para que la posean para siempre’.

5“Cuento como míos a tus dos hijos Efraín y Manasés que nacieron aquí en Egipto antes de que yo llegara, así como Rubén y Simeón son míos.

6Cualquier otro hijo que tengas después de ellos será tuyo, y compartirás su herencia dentro de la tierra de sus hermanos mayores.

7Hago esto porque trágicamente para mí, cuando regresaba de Padán Harán, Raquel murió en Canaán, a cierta distancia de Efrata. La enterré allí de camino a Efrata” (también conocida como Belén).

8Israel vio a los hijos de José y dijo: “¿Son estos son tus hijos, entonces?”

9“Sí, estos son los hijos que Dios me dio aquí”, le dijo José a su padre.

10La vista de Israel estaba fallando debido a su edad y no podía ver bien, así que José los acercó a su padre, y él los besó y los abrazó.

11Entonces Israel le dijo a José: “Nunca pensé que volvería a ver tu cara, y ahora Dios me ha dejado ver a tus hijos”.

12José tomó a sus hijos de entre las rodillas de Israel, y se inclinó con el rostro hacia el suelo.

13Entonces José puso a Efraín a su derecha para que estuviera a la izquierda de Israel, y a Manasés a su izquierda para que estuviera a la derecha de Israel, y luego los trajo a Israel.

14Pero cuando Israel extendió sus manos, las cruzó y colocó su mano derecha sobre Efraín, el hijo menor, y colocó la izquierda sobre Manasés, el primogénito.

15Bendijo a José, diciendo:

16el Ángel que me ha salvado de todo tipo de problemas, bendiga a estos muchachos. Que mi nombre y los nombres de mi abuelo Abraham y de mi padre Isaac continúen a través de ellos, y que tengan muchos descendientes que se extiendan por toda la tierra”.

17José se sintió infeliz cuando vio que su padre había puesto su mano derecha sobre Efraín, así que tomó la mano de su padre para tratar de moverla de la cabeza de Efraín a la de Manasés.

18“Así no, padre, este es el primogénito; pon tu mano derecha sobre su cabeza”, le dijo José.

19Pero su padre se negó, diciendo: “Yo sé lo que hago. Manasés también se convertirá en un pueblo importante, pero su hermano menor será más grande que él, y sus descendientes se convertirán en una gran nación”.

20Así que Israel los bendijo ese día y dijo: “En el futuro, el pueblo de Israel usará sus nombres para dar una bendición, diciendo: ‘Que Dios los bendiga como lo hizo con Efraín y Manasés’”. Al decir esto, puso a Efraín antes que a Manasés.

21Entonces Israel dijo a José: “Voy a morir pronto, pero Dios estará con ustedes y los devolverá a la tierra de sus padres.

22También te doy algo además de lo que le doy a tus hermanos: un trozo de tierra en la ladera de la montaña de Siquem que le quité a los amorreos con mi espada y mi arco”.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Jacob, now near death, blesses Joseph's two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, adopting them as his own sons and deliberately crossing his hands to give the greater blessing to the younger son, Ephraim.

Explanation

This chapter shows Jacob, despite his advanced age and failing eyesight, acting with prophetic spiritual clarity as he blesses his grandsons. By formally adopting them as his own sons ('Ephraim and Manasseh, even as Reuben and Simeon, they shall be mine,' v. 5), Jacob ensures that Joseph's line receives a double portion in the inheritance of the twelve tribes, a special honor normally reserved for the firstborn. The gesture of crossing his hands, placing his right hand (the hand of greater blessing) on Ephraim, the younger, repeats a pattern that has already appeared several times in Genesis, of God choosing the younger son (as with Isaac over Ishmael, and Jacob over Esau) rather than the elder, showing that God's blessing does not necessarily follow human conventions of hierarchy by age. The lesson for today is that God's plans often defy our traditional expectations of who should receive the greatest honor.

Fun facts

  • This formal adoption of Ephraim and Manasseh as full tribes of Israel is the reason why, later on, there is no separate 'tribe of Joseph' in the division of the promised land — it becomes two distinct tribes, keeping the total number at twelve once the tribe of Levi (which received cities rather than territory) is set aside.
  • Jacob's preference for Ephraim over Manasseh would be historically fulfilled: the tribe of Ephraim would become so prominent in the Northern Kingdom of Israel that its name, in later prophetic texts such as Hosea, is used as a synonym for the kingdom of Israel itself.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Génesis 48:1Learning that his father is ill, Joseph brings his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim, along with him — likely already anticipating that this would be an important farewell.
  2. Génesis 48:2Told that Joseph has arrived, Jacob gathers what little strength he has and sits up in bed to receive him — a physical effort that shows the importance of the moment.
  3. Génesis 48:3Jacob reminds Joseph of his encounter with God Almighty at Luz, the same episode told in chapters 28 and 35, when he received the blessing of the covenant.
  4. Génesis 48:4He repeats the promise received at that time: multiplication, a company of peoples, and the land as a permanent possession for his descendants.
  5. Génesis 48:5Jacob is formally adopting Joseph’s two sons as if they were his own, on the same level as the older brothers. That’s why, later in the Bible, there are tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, but no tribe called “Joseph” — the grandfather became the father.
  6. Génesis 48:6Jacob clarifies an important legal detail: Ephraim and Manasseh will be counted as his own direct sons, but any other children Joseph might have afterward would only be heirs through these two, not adopted the same way.
  7. Génesis 48:7Jacob interrupts the blessing to recall Rachel’s death, buried on the way to Ephrath — an old memory that still weighs on him as he looks at grandsons their mother never knew.
  8. Génesis 48:8With his eyesight already weak from age, Jacob needs to ask who the boys before him are, even though he knows Joseph brought them on purpose.
  9. Génesis 48:9Joseph presents his sons as a gift from God, and Jacob asks that they be brought closer so he can bless them personally.
  10. Génesis 48:10Jacob’s near-total blindness explains why he needs the boys to come right up close so he can kiss and embrace them.
  11. Génesis 48:11Jacob expresses genuine surprise: he hadn’t even expected to see Joseph’s face again, and God still let him meet his grandsons too.
  12. Génesis 48:12Joseph takes his sons off his father’s lap and bows before him, a gesture of respect before the formal blessing.
  13. Génesis 48:13Joseph positions his sons strategically by birth order — Ephraim, the younger, on the side that would be Israel’s left hand, and Manasseh, the elder, on the right — expecting the main blessing to fall on the firstborn.
  14. Génesis 48:14In blessing his grandsons, Jacob deliberately crosses his arms, placing his right hand — the hand of greater honor — on the head of the younger grandson, Ephraim, instead of the elder, Manasseh. It isn’t an old man’s mistake: the text itself says he did it knowingly, fully aware of what he was doing.
  15. Génesis 48:15Jacob blesses Joseph invoking the same God before whom Abraham and Isaac walked, acknowledging that it was this God who sustained him his whole life.
  16. Génesis 48:16Jacob speaks of “the Angel which redeemed me from all evil,” asking that the same protection fall on his grandsons, and that the family multiply like fish — an image of abundance unusual among biblical blessings.
  17. Génesis 48:17Joseph is troubled to see that his father placed his right hand — the hand of greater honor — on Ephraim, the younger, instead of Manasseh, and tries to correct what he thinks is a mistake.
  18. Génesis 48:18Joseph politely explains to his father that he seems to have switched the order, since Manasseh is the firstborn and should receive the right hand.
  19. Génesis 48:19When Joseph tries to correct his father’s hand, Jacob refuses and explains that he knows what he’s doing: he is prophesying that the descendant of the younger son, Ephraim, will grow and become greater than that of the elder, Manasseh. It’s the repeat of a pattern that already appears several times in Genesis, of the younger brother surpassing the elder.
  20. Génesis 48:20The blessing “as Ephraim” became, over time, a phrase repeated in Jewish families to this day, usually on Friday nights, to bless children by comparing them to Jacob’s two grandsons. The expression traces back exactly to this gesture of Jacob’s, when he reverses the expected order between the brothers.
  21. Génesis 48:21Jacob tells Joseph that his own death is near, but assures him that God will remain with the whole family and one day bring them back to the land of their ancestors.
  22. Génesis 48:22Jacob speaks of a piece of land taken from the Amorites by force, but this episode of military conquest isn’t told anywhere else in Genesis. Scholars aren’t sure whether it refers to an event not recorded in the Bible or is a way of referring to an earlier land purchase, near Shechem.

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