Génesis 37

VBL · Chapter 37/50

1Jacob se estableció y vivió en Canaán como lo había hecho su padre.

2Esta es la historia de Jacob y su familia: José tenía diecisiete años y ayudaba a cuidar el rebaño junto con sus hermanos, los hijos de Bila y Zilpá, las esposas de su padre. José le contó a su padre algunas de las cosas malas que sus hermanos estaban haciendo.

3Israel amaba a José más que a cualquiera de sus otros hijos, porque José le había nacido cuando ya era viejo. E hizo una túnica de colores y de mangas largas para José.

4Cuando sus hermanos se dieron cuenta de que su padre lo amaba más que a cualquiera de ellos, lo odiaron y no tenían nada bueno que decir de él.

5José tuvo un sueño, y cuando se lo contó a sus hermanos, lo odiaron aún más.

6“Escuchen este sueño que tuve”, les dijo.

7“Estábamos atando fardos de grano en los campos cuando de repente mi fardo se levantó, y sus fardos se acercaron y se inclinaron ante el mío”.

8“¿De verdad crees que vas a ser nuestro rey?” le preguntaron ellos. “¿De verdad crees que vas a gobernar sobre nosotros?” Y lo odiaron aún más por su sueño y por cómo lo describía.

9Luego José tuvo otro sueño y se lo contó a sus hermanos. “Escuchen, tuve otro sueño”, explicó. “El sol y la luna y once estrellas se inclinaban ante mí”.

10También se lo contó a su padre y a sus hermanos, y su padre se lo recriminó, diciendo: “¿Qué es este sueño que has tenido? ¿Vamos a venir nosotros, tu madre y tus hermanos a inclinarnos hasta el suelo ante ti?”

11Los hermanos de José se pusieron celosos de él, pero su padre no entendía el significado del sueño.

12Un día los hermanos de José llevaban los rebaños de su padre a pastar cerca de Siquem.

13Israel le dijo a José: “Tus hermanos cuidan las ovejas cerca de Siquem. Prepárate porque quiero que vayas a verlos”.

14Así que Jacob le dijo: “Ve a ver cómo están tus hermanos y los rebaños, y vuelve y házmelo saber”. Así que lo despidió, y José partió del Valle de Hebrón,

15y llegó a Siquem. Un hombre lo encontró vagando por el campo, y le preguntó: “¿Qué buscas?”

16“Estoy buscando a mis hermanos”, respondió José. “¿Puedes decirme por favor dónde están cuidando el rebaño?”

17“Ya se han ido”, respondió el hombre. “Les oí decir: ‘Vamos a Dotán’”. Así que José siguió a sus hermanos y los alcanzó en Dotán.

18Pero lo vieron venir a lo lejos, y antes de que llegara a ellos, hicieron planes para matarlo.

19“¡Mira, aquí viene el Señor de los Sueños!” se dijeron entre ellos.

20“Vamos, matémoslo y arrojémoslo a una de las fosas. Diremos que algún animal salvaje se lo ha comido. ¡Entonces veremos qué pasa con sus sueños!”

21Cuando Rubén escuchó todo esto, trató de salvar a José de ellos.

22“No lo ataquemos ni lo matemos”, sugirió. “No lo asesinen, sólo arrójenlo a esta fosa aquí en el desierto. No necesitamos ser culpables de violencia”. Rubén dijo esto para poder regresar más tarde y rescatar a José de ellos y llevarlo a casa con su padre.

23Así que cuando llegó José, sus hermanos le arrancaron la túnica – la colorida túnica de manga larga que llevaba puesta –

24lo agarraron y lo arrojaron a una fosa. (La fosa estaba vacía y no tenía agua).

25Estaban sentados para comer cuando vieron una caravana de ismaelitas que venía de Galaad. Sus camellos llevaban especias aromáticas, bálsamo y mirra para llevarlos a Egipto.

26“¿Qué sentido tiene matar a nuestro hermano?” preguntó Judá a sus hermanos. “¡Entonces tendríamos que encubrir su muerte!

27En vez de eso, ¿por qué no lo vendemos a estos ismaelitas? No tenemos que matarlo. Después de todo, es nuestro hermano, nuestra propia carne y sangre”. Sus hermanos estuvieron de acuerdo.

28Así que cuando los ismaelitas (que eran comerciantes de Madián) llegaron, sacaron a José de la fosa y se lo vendieron por veinte piezas de plata. Los ismaelitas lo llevaron a Egipto.

29Cuando Rubén regresó más tarde y miró en la fosa, José se había ido. Rasgó sus ropas en señal de dolor.

30Regresó con sus hermanos. “¡El muchacho se ha ido!”, gimió. “¿Qué voy a hacer ahora?”

31Mataron una cabra y mojaron la túnica de José en la sangre.

32Luego enviaron la colorida túnica a su padre con el mensaje: “Encontramos esto. Por favor, examínalo y ve si es la túnica de tu hijo o no”.

33El padre la reconoció de inmediato y dijo: “¡Esta es la túnica de mi hijo! Algún animal salvaje debe habérselo comido. El pobre José ha sido despedazado, ¡no hay duda de ello!”

34Entonces Jacob rasgó sus ropas en señal de lamento y se vistió con un saco. Lloró la muerte de su hijo durante mucho tiempo.

35Todos sus hijos e hijas trataron de consolarlo, pero él rechazaba sus intentos. “No”, dijo, “bajaré a mi tumba llorando por mi hijo”. Así que el padre de José siguió llorando por él.

36Mientras tanto, los ismaelitas habían llegado a Egipto y le habían vendido a José a Potifar. Potifar era uno de los oficiales del faraón, era el capitán de la guardia.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Joseph, his father Jacob's favorite, has dreams that hint at future greatness and stirs up his brothers' envy; they sell him as a slave to merchants who take him to Egypt, deceiving their father into believing he had died.

Explanation

This chapter begins the long and captivating story of Joseph, which will fill the rest of the book of Genesis. Jacob's obvious favoritism toward Joseph (symbolized by the special coat) and Joseph's own immaturity in telling his brothers his dreams of superiority, without any sensitivity, fuel a jealousy that quickly turns into fratricidal hatred, nearly repeating the tragedy of Cain and Abel. Reuben's intervention, and then Judah's proposal to sell Joseph rather than kill him, reveal that some trace of conscience still remained among the brothers, yet it does not free them from the deep guilt of having betrayed their own blood out of envy and greed. Jacob's grief, when he is deceived by the blood-stained coat, is portrayed with tremendous emotional intensity, showing how deception breeds lasting suffering. Today's lesson is about how uncontrolled envy can lead to acts that destroy entire families.

Fun facts

  • The 'coat of many colors' given by Jacob to Joseph (v. 3) can be translated more precisely as a long robe with sleeves — a type of garment that signaled status and exemption from heavy manual labor, which helps explain even further the resentment of his working brothers.
  • Joseph was sold for twenty pieces of silver (v. 28), an amount scholars compare to the standard price of a young slave in documented commercial contracts of the era, showing the historical and economic accuracy of the account.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Génesis 37:1Jacob dwells in the land wherein his father was a stranger — marking the close of the long journey and the start of the story now focused on Joseph.
  2. Génesis 37:2Joseph, at seventeen, feeds the flock with his brothers, the sons of Bilhah and of Zilpah, his father’s wives, and brings his father their “evil report” — a detail that already hints why the brothers did not like him.
  3. Génesis 37:3The famous “coat of many colours” is also translated by some scholars as a long robe with sleeves — the original Hebrew word is rare, and there is no way to be certain of its exact design. What is clear is that it was a different and more expensive garment than ordinary work clothes, showing in front of the brothers that Joseph was the favorite.
  4. Génesis 37:4The brothers clearly see that their father loved Joseph more than all of them and come to hate him to the point of not being able to speak peaceably to him.
  5. Génesis 37:5Joseph dreams a dream and tells it to his brothers, and the mere act of telling it already increases their hatred — even before they know its content.
  6. Génesis 37:6Joseph introduces the dream by asking for their attention, like someone who knows what he is about to say matters.
  7. Génesis 37:7In the dream, Joseph’s sheaf arose and also stood upright, while his brothers’ sheaves stood round about and made obeisance to it — a clear image of submission that needs no explanation.
  8. Génesis 37:8The brothers immediately understand the meaning, asking, “Shalt thou indeed reign over us?” — and it is exactly this reading that increases their hatred even more.
  9. Génesis 37:9In Joseph’s dream, the sun and the moon represent his father and mother, and the eleven stars his eleven brothers — all making obeisance to him. It is this dream, even more than the one about the sheaves told earlier, that leaves the brothers furious, because it seems to say Joseph will be greater than his own parents.
  10. Génesis 37:10This time Joseph tells the dream to his father too, who rebukes him, asking whether he and Joseph’s mother and brothers would really come to bow down themselves to the earth before him.
  11. Génesis 37:11The brothers envy him, but his father observes the saying — a very different reaction, suggesting the father does not rule out the possibility of the dream coming true.
  12. Génesis 37:12The brothers go to feed their father’s flock in Shechem — the same region charged with tension since Simeon and Levi’s attack in chapter 34.
  13. Génesis 37:13Jacob asks Joseph to go see whether it is well with his brothers and the flocks — a simple errand that will become the turning point of the whole story.
  14. Génesis 37:14Joseph is sent out of the vale of Hebron to Shechem, a journey of several days alone, showing the trust Jacob still placed in him despite the family tension.
  15. Génesis 37:15Joseph loses his way, wandering in the field, and is found by a certain man who asks what he seeks — a small detail that exists only to explain how Joseph reaches his brothers in Dothan.
  16. Génesis 37:16Joseph answers directly that he seeks his brothers, without hesitation.
  17. Génesis 37:17The man informs him they had gone on to Dothan, and Joseph follows after his brothers — with no idea what awaits him there.
  18. Génesis 37:18The brothers see Joseph afar off and, even before he comes near, they already conspire against him to slay him.
  19. Génesis 37:19They say one to another, “Behold, this dreamer cometh,” a mockery that shows how heavily Joseph’s dreams weighed on their decision to get rid of him.
  20. Génesis 37:20The plan is to slay him, cast him into a pit, and say, “Some evil beast hath devoured him” — a way to put an end, once and for all, to the dreams that bothered them so much.
  21. Génesis 37:21Reuben hears it and delivers Joseph out of their hands, saying, “Let us not kill him.”
  22. Génesis 37:22Reuben proposes casting him alive into the pit that is in the wilderness, shedding no blood — a plan he secretly intended to use later to rid him out of their hands and deliver him to their father again.
  23. Génesis 37:23As soon as Joseph arrives, the brothers strip him of his coat, his coat of many colours — the visible symbol of the favoritism that bothered them so much.
  24. Génesis 37:24They cast him into an empty pit, with no water in it — a detail that makes clear the real danger of death, even without direct violence.
  25. Génesis 37:25“Spicery and balm and myrrh” were valuable goods used in perfumes, medicines, and embalming bodies in Egypt — this company of Ishmeelite merchants was headed exactly there to carry them down and sell such wares. It is at this very moment that it passes near the brothers, just as they are deciding what to do with Joseph.
  26. Génesis 37:26Judah proposes an alternative to murder: what profit is it to slay their brother and conceal his blood?
  27. Génesis 37:27Judah suggests selling Joseph to the Ishmeelites instead of killing him, arguing that he is their brother and their own flesh — the others are content and accept the proposal.
  28. Génesis 37:28Twenty “pieces of silver” was, by the oldest trade practices of the region, the common price of a young slave — not a symbolic amount, but literally a market price for a person at that time. It is for this sum that Joseph is sold to the Ishmeelites.
  29. Génesis 37:29Reuben, who was not present at the sale, returns unto the pit, discovers Joseph is not there, and rends his own clothes in despair.
  30. Génesis 37:30Reuben returns to his brothers and says, “The child is not; and I, whither shall I go?” — his secret plan to rescue Joseph had just fallen apart.
  31. Génesis 37:31The brothers take Joseph’s coat, kill a kid of the goats, and dip the coat in the blood, forging proof of an animal attack.
  32. Génesis 37:32They send the coat of many colours to their father, asking indirectly whether he recognizes it — avoiding telling him the truth directly.
  33. Génesis 37:33Jacob knows the coat and says, “An evil beast hath devoured him,” concluding, with no real proof, that Joseph is without doubt rent in pieces.
  34. Génesis 37:34Putting on “sackcloth” (a coarse fabric, usually of goat hair) was the traditional way of showing deep mourning — rending one’s own clothes and wearing this cloth instead was a visible sign of extreme grief, recognizable to anyone who saw it. Jacob does this, believing his son died devoured by a wild animal.
  35. Génesis 37:35“I will go down” to his son here refers to the grave, the place of the dead in the Old Testament view — not a physical descent, but a way of saying Jacob would carry this grief “mourning” until his own death. He is saying he will never get over this loss, that he will carry it for the rest of his life.
  36. Génesis 37:36The Midianites sell Joseph into Egypt unto Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh’s and captain of the guard — the link connecting this story to what happens in chapter 39.

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