Joshua 8

KJV · Capítulo 8/24

1And the Lord said unto Joshua, Fear not, neither be thou dismayed: take all the people of war with thee, and arise, go up to Ai: see, I have given into thy hand the king of Ai, and his people, and his city, and his land:

2And thou shalt do to Ai and her king as thou didst unto Jericho and her king: only the spoil thereof, and the cattle thereof, shall ye take for a prey unto yourselves: lay thee an ambush for the city behind it.

3So Joshua arose, and all the people of war, to go up against Ai: and Joshua chose out thirty thousand mighty men of valour, and sent them away by night.

4And he commanded them, saying, Behold, ye shall lie in wait against the city, even behind the city: go not very far from the city, but be ye all ready:

5And I, and all the people that are with me, will approach unto the city: and it shall come to pass, when they come out against us, as at the first, that we will flee before them,

6(For they will come out after us) till we have drawn them from the city; for they will say, They flee before us, as at the first: therefore we will flee before them.

7Then ye shall rise up from the ambush, and seize upon the city: for the Lord your God will deliver it into your hand.

8And it shall be, when ye have taken the city, that ye shall set the city on fire: according to the commandment of the Lord shall ye do. See, I have commanded you.

9Joshua therefore sent them forth: and they went to lie in ambush, and abode between Beth–el and Ai, on the west side of Ai: but Joshua lodged that night among the people.

10And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and numbered the people, and went up, he and the elders of Israel, before the people to Ai.

11And all the people, even the people of war that were with him, went up, and drew nigh, and came before the city, and pitched on the north side of Ai: now there was a valley between them and Ai.

12And he took about five thousand men, and set them to lie in ambush between Beth–el and Ai, on the west side of the city.

13And when they had set the people, even all the host that was on the north of the city, and their liers in wait on the west of the city, Joshua went that night into the midst of the valley.

14And it came to pass, when the king of Ai saw it, that they hasted and rose up early, and the men of the city went out against Israel to battle, he and all his people, at a time appointed, before the plain; but he wist not that there were liers in ambush against him behind the city.

15And Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before them, and fled by the way of the wilderness.

16And all the people that were in Ai were called together to pursue after them: and they pursued after Joshua, and were drawn away from the city.

17And there was not a man left in Ai or Beth–el, that went not out after Israel: and they left the city open, and pursued after Israel.

18And the Lord said unto Joshua, Stretch out the spear that is in thy hand toward Ai; for I will give it into thine hand. And Joshua stretched out the spear that he had in his hand toward the city.

19And the ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as soon as he had stretched out his hand: and they entered into the city, and took it, and hasted and set the city on fire.

20And when the men of Ai looked behind them, they saw, and, behold, the smoke of the city ascended up to heaven, and they had no power to flee this way or that way: and the people that fled to the wilderness turned back upon the pursuers.

21And when Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned again, and slew the men of Ai.

22And the other issued out of the city against them; so they were in the midst of Israel, some on this side, and some on that side: and they smote them, so that they let none of them remain or escape.

23And the king of Ai they took alive, and brought him to Joshua.

24And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, in the wilderness wherein they chased them, and when they were all fallen on the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all the Israelites returned unto Ai, and smote it with the edge of the sword.

25And so it was, that all that fell that day, both of men and women, were twelve thousand, even all the men of Ai.

26For Joshua drew not his hand back, wherewith he stretched out the spear, until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai.

27Only the cattle and the spoil of that city Israel took for a prey unto themselves, according unto the word of the Lord which he commanded Joshua.

28And Joshua burnt Ai, and made it an heap for ever, even a desolation unto this day.

29And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until eventide: and as soon as the sun was down, Joshua commanded that they should take his carcase down from the tree, and cast it at the entering of the gate of the city, and raise thereon a great heap of stones, that remaineth unto this day.

30Then Joshua built an altar unto the Lord God of Israel in mount Ebal,

31As Moses the servant of the Lord commanded the children of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of whole stones, over which no man hath lift up any iron: and they offered thereon burnt offerings unto the Lord, and sacrificed peace offerings.

32And he wrote there upon the stones a copy of the law of Moses, which he wrote in the presence of the children of Israel.

33And all Israel, and their elders, and officers, and their judges, stood on this side the ark and on that side before the priests the Levites, which bare the ark of the covenant of the Lord, as well the stranger, as he that was born among them; half of them over against mount Gerizim, and half of them over against mount Ebal; as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded before, that they should bless the people of Israel.

34And afterward he read all the words of the law, the blessings and cursings, according to all that is written in the book of the law.

35There was not a word of all that Moses commanded, which Joshua read not before all the congregation of Israel, with the women, and the little ones, and the strangers that were conversant among them.

📖 Estudio del capítulo

Resumen

Con una emboscada estratégica, Israel conquista Hai esta vez. Después, Josué construye un altar en el monte Ebal y lee públicamente la ley de Moisés a todo el pueblo.

Explicación

A diferencia del ataque anterior, aquí Josué usa una táctica militar (una emboscada) dirigida por Dios, mostrando que la fe y la planificación sabia no son opuestas. La lectura pública de la ley en los montes Ebal y Guerizim cumplía una instrucción dada por Moisés en Deuteronomio 27, reafirmando el pacto justo después de la primera gran conquista, para que el pueblo no olvidara a quién debía su victoria. Este ritual incluía bendiciones y maldiciones escuchadas por toda la nación, incluyendo extranjeros y niños, reforzando que el pacto pertenecía a todos, no solo a los líderes.

Curiosidades

  • El altar construido en el monte Ebal seguía la instrucción de Éxodo 20:25 de usar piedras enteras, sin herramientas de metal, para que la obra humana no 'contaminara' lo que estaba dedicado a Dios.
  • Arqueólogos identificaron en el monte Ebal una antigua estructura de piedras que algunos investigadores asocian con este altar, aunque la identificación es debatida académicamente.

Explicación versículo por versículo

  1. Joshua 8:1Con la crisis ya resuelta, Dios anima a Josué a atacar Hai de nuevo, garantizándole la victoria esta vez.
  2. Joshua 8:2La diferencia respecto a Jericó es que ahora el pueblo puede quedarse con el ganado y los bienes de la ciudad; la estrategia también incluye una emboscada.
  3. Joshua 8:3Josué reúne a treinta mil guerreros y los envía de noche, preparando ya el plan de emboscada.
  4. Joshua 8:4La instrucción para ese grupo es posicionarse escondidos detrás de la ciudad, listos para actuar en el momento justo.
  5. Joshua 8:5Josué planea fingir una retirada con el resto del ejército, repitiendo la huida que ocurrió en el primer intento fallido.
  6. Joshua 8:6La idea es que los enemigos, confiados por la victoria anterior, salgan persiguiendo al ejército principal, alejándose de la ciudad.
  7. Joshua 8:7Mientras eso ocurre, el grupo escondido debe atacar y tomar la ciudad, que quedará desprotegida.
  8. Joshua 8:8Después de tomar la ciudad, la orden es incendiarla, cumpliendo exactamente lo que Dios había determinado.
  9. Joshua 8:9El grupo de la emboscada se posiciona entre Betel y Hai, mientras Josué pasa la noche junto al resto del pueblo.
  10. Joshua 8:10A la mañana siguiente, Josué organiza al ejército y avanza contra Hai junto con los líderes del pueblo.
  11. Joshua 8:11Las tropas se acercan a la ciudad y acampan al norte, con un valle separando a los dos grupos.
  12. Joshua 8:12Un segundo grupo de cinco mil hombres se posiciona en emboscada al oeste de la ciudad, reforzando el cerco.
  13. Joshua 8:13Josué pasa la noche en medio del valle, coordinando las posiciones entre el campamento principal y las emboscadas.
  14. Joshua 8:14El rey de Hai cae en la trampa: al ver al ejército israelita, sale rápido al combate sin notar la emboscada preparada detrás de la ciudad.
  15. Joshua 8:15Josué y el ejército fingen debilidad, huyendo por el camino del desierto, tal como estaba planeado.
  16. Joshua 8:16Todos los hombres de Hai son convocados para perseguir a Israel, alejándose cada vez más de su propia ciudad.
  17. Joshua 8:17La trampa funciona a la perfección: ni un solo hombre se queda para defender Hai o Betel, y la ciudad queda completamente abierta.
  18. Joshua 8:18Dios le da la señal de ataque a Josué, que extiende la lanza en dirección a la ciudad como orden para que actúe la emboscada.
  19. Joshua 8:19En cuanto Josué hace la señal, el grupo escondido corre, invade la ciudad vacía y la incendia.
  20. Joshua 8:20Los hombres de Hai se dan cuenta demasiado tarde: ven subir el humo de su propia ciudad y quedan cercados, sin ruta de escape.
  21. Joshua 8:21Al ver el humo como señal de que la ciudad había caído, Josué y el ejército principal se dan la vuelta y atacan a los perseguidores.
  22. Joshua 8:22Los israelitas de la ciudad y los del campo cercan a los hombres de Hai por dos lados, sin dejar que nadie escape.
  23. Joshua 8:23El rey de Hai es la única excepción: capturado vivo y llevado ante Josué.
  24. Joshua 8:24Después de eliminar a todos los que perseguían en el campo, el ejército israelita regresa y termina de destruir a quienes aún quedaban en la ciudad.
  25. Joshua 8:25El total de muertos ese día llega a doce mil personas, entre hombres y mujeres de Hai.
  26. Joshua 8:26Josué mantiene la lanza extendida hasta que la destrucción de la ciudad queda completa, un gesto continuo de mando durante toda la batalla.
  27. Joshua 8:27A diferencia de Jericó, esta vez el pueblo puede quedarse con el ganado y los bienes saqueados, tal como Dios había autorizado.
  28. Joshua 8:28Hai es incendiada y se convierte en una ruina permanente, un montón de escombros que seguía visible mucho tiempo después.
  29. Joshua 8:29Colgar el cuerpo del rey de Hai de un madero hasta la tarde y luego enterrarlo bajo un montón de piedras sigue la misma lógica de Deuteronomio 21:22-23: el cuerpo de un enemigo ejecutado no podía quedar expuesto durante la noche. Se trata más de pureza ritual que de humillación prolongada.
  30. Joshua 8:30Después de la victoria, Josué construye un altar a Dios en el monte Ebal, cumpliendo un mandamiento antiguo de Moisés.
  31. Joshua 8:31El altar sigue exactamente la instrucción de Moisés: piedras naturales, sin uso de herramientas de metal, usado para ofrecer sacrificios.
  32. Joshua 8:32Josué también graba en las piedras una copia de la ley de Moisés, haciendo pública la base de las reglas que el pueblo debía seguir.
  33. Joshua 8:33Todo el pueblo se posiciona entre dos montes, Gerizim y Ebal, para escuchar la lectura de la ley, repitiendo un ritual de bendición que Moisés ya había determinado.
  34. Joshua 8:34Josué lee en voz alta todo lo que estaba escrito en la ley, tanto las bendiciones como las maldiciones.
  35. Joshua 8:35La lectura es completa: nada de lo que Moisés había ordenado queda fuera, y todos escuchan, incluyendo mujeres, niños y extranjeros que vivían con el pueblo.

Capítulos

Nuestras apps

Nuestras apps →

Biblia en Historias

La Biblia contada como narrativa, con audio y videos.

📱 Descargar la app

World in Stories

Historias reales de la humanidad que parecen inventadas.

Feito! Pequenas Vitórias

Rutina ligera de tareas para quien se pierde en el día a día.