Éxodo 40

VBL · Chapter 40/40

1El Señor le dijo a Moisés:

2“Levanta el Tabernáculo de Reunión, el primer día del primer mes del año.

3Coloca el Arca del Testimonio dentro de ella. Asegúrate de que el Arca esté detrás del velo.

4Trae la mesa y pon sobre ella lo que sea necesario. Trae también el candelabro y coloca sus lámparas.

5Pon el altar de oro del incienso delante del Arca del Testimonio, y pon el velo a la entrada del Tabernáculo.

6Coloca el altar de los holocaustos frente a la entrada del Tabernáculo, el Tabernáculo de Reunión.

7Coloca la palangana entre el Tabernáculo de Reunión y el altar, y pon agua en ella.

8“Prepara el patio que lo rodea y pon la cortina para la entrada del patio.

9“Usa el aceite de la unción para ungir el Tabernáculo y todo lo que hay en él. Dedícalo y todos sus muebles para hacerlo sagrado.

10Unge el altar de los holocaustos y todos sus utensilios. Dedica el altar y será especialmente santo.

11Ungirás y dedicarás la pila con su soporte.

12“Lleva a Aarón y a sus hijos a la entrada del Tabernáculo de Reunión y lávalos allí con agua.

13Luegovistea Aarón con los vestidos sagrados, úngelo y dedícalo, para que me sirva de sacerdote.

14Que sus hijos se acerquen y los vistan con túnicas.

15Úngelos de la misma manera que ungiste a su padre, para que también me sirvan como sacerdotes. Su unción hará que su linaje de sacerdotes sea eterno, para las generaciones futuras”.

16Moisés llevó a cabo todas las instrucciones del Señor.

17El tabernáculo se levantó el primer día del primer mes del segundo año.

18Cuando Moisés levantó el tabernáculo, colocó sus soportes, fijó sus marcos, conectó sus travesaños y erigió sus postes.

19Luego extendió la tienda sobre el tabernáculo y colocó la cubierta sobre la tienda, como el Señor le había ordenado.

20Moisés tomó el testimonio y lo puso en el arca. Ató los postes al Arca, y colocó la tapa de expiación en la parte superior del Arca.

21Luego llevó el Arca al Tabernáculo. Levantó el velo y se aseguró de que el Arca del Testimonio estuviera detrás de ella, como el Señor le había ordenado.

22Moisés colocó la mesa dentro del Tabernáculo de Reunión en el lado norte del Tabernáculo, fuera del velo.

23Puso el pan sobre ella en presencia del Señor, como el Señor le había ordenado.

24Colocó el candelabro en la tienda de la Reunión, frente a la mesa, en el lado sur del Tabernáculo

25y levantó las lámparas en presencia del Señor, como el Señor le había ordenado.

26Moisés levantó el altar de oro en el Tabernáculo de Reunión, frente al velo,

27y quemó incienso aromático en él, como el Señor le había ordenado.

28Luego levantó el velo a la entrada del Tabernáculo.

29Levantó el altar del holocausto cerca de la entrada del Tabernáculo de Reunión, y presentó el holocausto y la ofrenda de grano, como el Señor le había ordenado.

30Puso la palangana entre el Tabernáculo de Reunión y el altar y puso agua para lavar.

31Moisés, Aarón y sus hijos la usaron para lavarse las manos y los pies.

32Se lavaban cada vez que entraban en el Tabernáculo de Reunión o se acercaban al altar, como el Señor le había ordenado a Moisés.

33Moisés levantó el patio alrededor del Tabernáculo y del altar, y puso la cortina para la entrada del patio. Esto marcó el final del trabajo hecho por Moisés.

34Entonces la nube cubrió la Tienda de la Reunión, y la gloria del Señor llenó el Tabernáculo.

35Moisés no pudo entrar en el Tabernáculo de Reunión porque la nube permaneció sobre ella, y la gloria del Señor llenó el Tabernáculo.

36Cada vez que la nube se levantaba del Tabernáculo, los israelitas se ponían en marcha de nuevo en su viaje.

37Si la nube no se levantaba, no se ponían en marcha hasta que la nube se levantara.

38La nube del Señor permanecía sobre el Tabernáculo durante el día, y el fuego ardía dentro de la nube durante la noche, de modo que podía ser visto por todos los israelitas dondequiera que viajaran.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Moses sets up the tabernacle exactly as God had commanded, anoints and consecrates Aaron and his sons as priests, and the glory of the Lord fills the tabernacle in a cloud, guiding the people throughout all their journeys in the wilderness.

Explanation

The final chapter of Exodus brings a deeply satisfying climax to the entire narrative of the book: after months of preparation, construction, and consecration, the tabernacle is finally raised, and God manifests his presence so intensely that 'the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle' (v. 34), to the point that not even Moses could enter. This moment culminates the journey that began with an enslaved people in Egypt, without a sanctuary, without freedom, and without a clear national identity, and ends with that same people having, in the midst of their camp, a visible and active dwelling place of God's presence. The pillar of cloud over the tabernacle by day, becoming fire by night, would continue to guide Israel through every stage of their journey, showing that God's presence was not an isolated event but a constant, dependable companion throughout the people's whole life in the wilderness. The book of Exodus, which began with slavery and despair, ends with the extraordinary fulfilled promise that God would truly dwell in the midst of his people.

Fun facts

  • The exact date the tabernacle was set up, 'in the first month, on the first day of the month' of the second year after leaving Egypt (v. 17), marks precisely one full year since the first Passover, showing a carefully organized chronological structure running through the entire book of Exodus.
  • The idea that God's glory was so intense that it kept even Moses from entering the tabernacle (v. 35) would be echoed centuries later at the dedication of Solomon's temple (1 Kings 8:10-11), where the same glorious cloud would keep the priests from continuing to minister, showing a theological continuity between the mobile tabernacle of the wilderness and the permanent temple in Jerusalem.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Éxodo 40:1God gives Moses the last sequence of instructions in the book: how to set up the now-finished tabernacle, piece by piece, on the right day.
  2. Éxodo 40:2This time marker places the tabernacle’s final assembly almost exactly one year after the exodus from Egypt, which also took place in the first month of the Israelite calendar. It was, then, about a year of journeying and detailed instructions before the sacred structure finally stood.
  3. Éxodo 40:3The ark was to be the first piece placed inside the tabernacle, already covered by the veil that would separate it from the rest of the space.
  4. Éxodo 40:4The table of the bread and the lampstand also had specific positions inside the sanctuary, with the lampstand already lit from the initial setup.
  5. Éxodo 40:5The incense altar was positioned very close to the ark, and only after all the interior pieces were in place would the entrance curtain be hung.
  6. Éxodo 40:6The sacrifice altar, being used outside, was positioned right at the entrance of the tabernacle, even before reaching the tent itself.
  7. Éxodo 40:7The washing basin stood between the entrance of the tent and the sacrifice altar, already filled with water for the priests’ ritual use.
  8. Éxodo 40:8Finally, the whole courtyard would be set up around the entire structure, with its own entrance curtain hung over it.
  9. Éxodo 40:9Anointing with that special oil, prepared in chapter 30, was the act that officially set apart the tabernacle and its objects for the exclusive use of sacred service. After this anointing, those items could no longer be used for any ordinary purpose.
  10. Éxodo 40:10The sacrifice altar would also undergo anointing with the sacred oil, becoming, according to the text, a most holy thing.
  11. Éxodo 40:11The washing basin, along with its base, would also be anointed and consecrated as part of the tabernacle’s set of sacred objects.
  12. Éxodo 40:12Before putting on any priestly garment, Aaron and his sons would go through the same full ritual washing already described in chapter 29.
  13. Éxodo 40:13This is the moment when the garments described in detail in chapters 28 and 39 are finally placed on Aaron for the first time, together with the anointing that officially consecrated him as high priest.
  14. Éxodo 40:14After Aaron, his sons would also be brought to the entrance of the tent to put on their own priestly tunics.
  15. Éxodo 40:15The anointing of Aaron’s sons follows the same pattern as their father’s anointing, establishing the priesthood as something permanent, passed down through the following generations.
  16. Éxodo 40:16It confirms that Moses carried out every one of these instructions exactly as God had commanded, without deviating from a single detail.
  17. Éxodo 40:17It marks the exact date of the final assembly: the first day of the first month of the second year after the exodus from Egypt, nearly a year of journeying and instructions.
  18. Éxodo 40:18Moses personally assembles the tabernacle’s basic structure: he fits the sockets, raises the boards, positions the bars, and sets up the pillars.
  19. Éxodo 40:19Over the framework of boards, Moses spreads the covering tent and the outer protective layers, following exactly the pattern given by God.
  20. Éxodo 40:20Moses places the tablets of the law inside the ark, fits the carrying poles, and positions the mercy seat on top, completing the most sacred piece.
  21. Éxodo 40:21The now-assembled ark is carried into the tabernacle, and the veil is hung to conceal it from the rest of the space, fulfilling the instruction given.
  22. Éxodo 40:22The table of the bread is positioned outside the veil, on the north side of the tabernacle, exactly as specified.
  23. Éxodo 40:23Moses arranges the loaves on the table, following to the letter the order God had given about how to set out this continual offering.
  24. Éxodo 40:24The lampstand is positioned on the opposite side from the table, on the south side of the tabernacle, maintaining the planned spatial balance.
  25. Éxodo 40:25Moses lights the lamps of the lampstand, completing the final step in setting up this particular piece.
  26. Éxodo 40:26The gold incense altar is placed right in front of the veil, in the intermediate position between the outer area and the most sacred place.
  27. Éxodo 40:27Moses burns the fragrant incense on this altar, activating for the first time the ritual function of the newly assembled piece.
  28. Éxodo 40:28The entrance curtain of the tent is hung, physically marking the boundary between the sacred interior and the outer area of the tabernacle.
  29. Éxodo 40:29The sacrifice altar is positioned at the entrance, and Moses immediately offers the first sacrifice there, inaugurating the altar’s use.
  30. Éxodo 40:30The washing basin is set up between the tent and the altar, and Moses fills it with water for the priests’ ritual use.
  31. Éxodo 40:31Moses, Aaron, and his sons use this basin to wash their hands and feet, carrying out the purification practice already established before.
  32. Éxodo 40:32This washing would become mandatory routine whenever they entered the tent or approached the altar for priestly service.
  33. Éxodo 40:33Finally, the whole courtyard is set up around the entire structure, and its entrance curtain is hung, marking the end of all of Moses’s work.
  34. Éxodo 40:34As soon as the assembly was finished, a visible cloud covered the tent as a sign of God’s presence now established there. It’s the same kind of cloud that had already accompanied the people since the exodus from Egypt, now concentrated over the new sanctuary.
  35. Éxodo 40:35God’s presence, described here as a force filling the space, was so overwhelming at this moment that it kept even Moses from entering. It’s a contrast with the closeness Moses had with God at other times, as in 33:11; here, the intensity of that particular instant surpassed even that.
  36. Éxodo 40:36From then on, the movement of the cloud determined when the people were to continue their journey: whenever it rose from the tabernacle, it was time to set out.
  37. Éxodo 40:37As long as the cloud stayed still over the tabernacle, the people waited in the same place, without starting a new journey.
  38. Éxodo 40:38This is the final pattern that would guide the people from then on throughout their journey across the wilderness: a visible cloud by day and a glow of fire by night over the tabernacle, signaling when to stop and when to move on.

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