Éxodo 3

VBL · Chapter 3/40

1Moisés era un pastor que cuidaba el rebaño de Jetro, su suegro, el sacerdote de Madián. Condujo el rebaño lejos en el desierto hasta que llegó al monte de Dios, el monte Horeb.

2Allí el ángel del Señor se le apareció en una llama de fuego desde dentro de un arbusto. Moisés miró con atención y vio que, aunque la zarza estaba ardiendo, no se estaba quemando.

3“Iré a echar un vistazo”, se dijo a sí mismo Moisés. “Es muy extraño ver un arbusto que no se queme”.

4Cuando el Señor vio que Moisés venía a echar un vistazo, Dios le llamó desde dentro de la zarza: “¡Moisés! ¡Moisés!”

5“¡No te acerques más!” le dijo Dios. “Quítate las sandalias porque estás parado en tierra sagrada”.

6Luego dijo: “Soy el Dios de tu padre, el Dios de Abraham, el Dios de Isaac y el Dios de Jacob”. Moisés se cubrió el rostro, porque tuvo miedo de mirar a Dios.

7“Soyplenamente consciente de la miseria de mi pueblo en Egipto”, le dijo el Señor. “Los he escuchado gemir por culpa de sus capataces. Sé cuánto están sufriendo.

8Por eso he descendido para rescatarlos de la opresión egipcia y para llevarlos desde ese país a una tierra fértil y amplia, una tierra donde fluye leche y miel, donde actualmente viven los cananeos, los hititas, los amorreos, los ferezeos, los heveos y los jebuseos.

9Escucha ahora: El clamor de los israelitas ha llegado hasta mí, y he visto cómo los egipcios los maltratan.

10Ahora debes irte, porque yo te envío donde el Faraón para que saques a mi pueblo Israel de Egipto”.

11Pero Moisés le dijo a Dios: “¿Por qué yo? ¡Yo soy un don nadie! ¡No podré ir ante el Faraón y sacar a los israelitas de Egipto!”

12“Yo estaré contigo”, respondió el Señor, “y esta será la señal de que soy yo quien te envía: cuando hayas sacado al pueblo de Egipto, adorarás a Dios en este mismo monte”.

13Entonces Moisés dijo a Dios: “Mira, si yo fuera donde los israelitas y les dijera: ‘El Dios de sus padres me ha enviado a ustedes’, y ellos me preguntaran: ‘¿Cómo se llama?’, ¿qué les diré entonces?” .

14Dios le respondió a Moisés: “‘Yo soy’ el que soy. Dile esto a los israelitas: ‘Yo soy’ me ha enviado a ustedes”.

15Entonces Dios le dijo a Moisés: “Diles a los israelitas: ‘El Señor, el Dios de sus padres, el Dios de Abraham, el Dios de Isaac y el Dios de Jacob, me ha enviado a ustedes. Este es mi nombre para siempre, el nombre con el que me llamarás en todas las generaciones futuras’.

16“Ve y llama a todos los ancianos de Israel para que se reúnan contigo. Diles: ‘El Señor, el Dios de tus padres, se me ha aparecido, el Dios de Abraham, Isaac y Jacob. Él dijo: He prestado mucha atención a lo que te ha pasado en Egipto.

17He decidido sacarlos de la miseria que están teniendo en Egipto y llevarlos a la tierra de los cananeos, hititas, amorreos, ferezeos, heveos y jebuseos, una tierra que fluye leche y miel’”.

18“Los ancianos de Israel aceptarán lo que tú digas. Entonces debes ir con ellos al rey de Egipto y decirle: ‘El Señor, el Dios de los hebreos se nos ha revelado. Así que, por favor, hagamos un viaje de tres días al desierto para poder ofrecer sacrificios al Señor nuestro Dios allí’.

19Pero sé que el rey de Egipto no te dejará ir a menos que se vea obligado a hacerlo por un poder más fuerte que él.

20Así que usaré mi poder para infligir a Egipto todas las cosas aterradoras que estoy a punto de hacerles. Después de eso los dejará ir.

21Haré que los egipcios los traten bien como pueblo, para que cuando se vayan, no se vayan con las manos vacías.

22Toda mujer pedirá joyas y ropa de plata y oro a su vecina y a toda mujer que viva en su casa, y se las pondrá a sus hijos e hijas. De esta manera se llevarán la riqueza de los egipcios con ustedes”.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

God appears to Moses in a bush that burns without being consumed, reveals His name as 'I Am That I Am,' and calls him to deliver the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt.

Explanation

This is one of the most theologically significant chapters in the entire Bible: Moses' encounter with God at the burning bush marks the formal beginning of his mission as deliverer. The phenomenon of the bush that burns without being consumed symbolizes the presence of God — holy and powerful, yet not destroying what it touches for redemptive purposes. The revelation of the divine name, 'I Am That I Am' (Yahweh), communicates God's self-sufficiency and eternity — He depends on nothing and always exists, unlike the Egyptian gods tied to natural phenomena. Moses' initial hesitation ('who am I...') reflects a common human insecurity in the face of a great calling, but God responds not with a list of Moses' qualifications, but with the promise 'certainly I will be with thee' — showing that God's call always comes accompanied by His own enabling presence.

Fun facts

  • The divine name revealed here, transliterated as YHWH (often pronounced 'Yahweh' or 'Jehovah'), became so sacred in Jewish tradition that scribes avoided pronouncing it, substituting the word 'Adonai' (Lord) when reading aloud — a practice of reverence that persists to this day.
  • Mount Horeb, also called Mount Sinai, where this revelation takes place, will be the very same location to which Moses returns with the whole people of Israel after leaving Egypt (Exodus 19), closing a prophetic circle already announced here in verse 12.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Éxodo 3:1Moses has already been living in Midian for years, tending his father-in-law’s flock; Horeb is another name for Mount Sinai, which later receives the law given to Moses.
  2. Éxodo 3:2What catches Moses’s attention is not the fire itself, common enough in the desert, but the bush that burns without ever being consumed — a sign that something out of the ordinary is happening there.
  3. Éxodo 3:3Moses’s curiosity to go look up close is what starts the encounter; he still does not know he is about to be called by God.
  4. Éxodo 3:4God only speaks once He sees Moses drawing near to look — and calls him twice by name, a common biblical way of marking an important call.
  5. Éxodo 3:5Removing one’s sandals was a sign of respect before a sacred place or person, something like taking off a cap at a funeral today. God is saying that this ordinary patch of ground, at the foot of a bush, became sacred space only because He is there — there is nothing magical about the mountain itself.
  6. Éxodo 3:6God introduces Himself by linking to the patriarchs Moses already knew from family tradition — He is not a new god, but the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Covering one’s face was a gesture of reverence and fear.
  7. Éxodo 3:7God explains the reason for the call: He had already been closely watching the Hebrew people’s suffering under the Egyptian taskmasters, picking up the cry from the end of chapter 2.
  8. Éxodo 3:8The phrase “milk and honey” describes abundance, not a literal river of milk: plenty of milk means lots of cattle and goats raised on good pasture, and honey points to abundant fruit. It is the Hebrew way of saying a rich, good land to live in, repeated several times in the Bible to describe Canaan.
  9. Éxodo 3:9It repeats, in other words, what was already said in verse 7, reinforcing that the decision to act comes directly from the oppression God acknowledges is happening.
  10. Éxodo 3:10This is where God formally gives Moses his mission: he will not just witness the people’s rescue, he will be the human instrument used to bring them out of Egypt.
  11. Éxodo 3:11Moses’s first reaction is one of insecurity, not outright refusal — the first of several objections he raises throughout this dialogue.
  12. Éxodo 3:12God does not answer Moses’s “Who am I” with a list of his credentials, but with the assurance of His own presence — and promises a sign that will only be confirmed after the mission is completed.
  13. Éxodo 3:13Moses anticipates that the people will demand some proof of authority; asking for God’s name was a way of knowing exactly who he was dealing with.
  14. Éxodo 3:14When Moses asks God’s name, the answer turns on the word “I AM,” the same root as the divine name in Hebrew, which the Jews later came to avoid pronouncing. The central idea is that this God simply exists by Himself and will reveal Himself through what He does, not through a closed definition.
  15. Éxodo 3:15After revealing the name “I AM” in the previous verse, God again introduces Himself through His link to the patriarchs, a name that was to be remembered by all the generations to follow.
  16. Éxodo 3:16God gives Moses a practical plan: first convince the elders of the people, not the whole crowd at once, before any confrontation with Pharaoh.
  17. Éxodo 3:17It repeats the promise of the land already made in verse 8, naming the peoples who lived in Canaan before Israel’s arrival.
  18. Éxodo 3:18The initial request to Pharaoh is deliberately modest: just a short three-day trip for a sacrifice, not a final departure — a first strategic step.
  19. Éxodo 3:19God already warns Moses that Pharaoh will resist, preparing him for the resistance that will stretch across several plagues in the coming chapters.
  20. Éxodo 3:20It anticipates, in summary form, everything that will happen in the plagues of the following chapters: only after suffering these blows will Pharaoh give in.
  21. Éxodo 3:21God promises that the Egyptians will treat the Hebrews well on their way out, unlike the hostility that had marked them for generations — the fulfillment comes in the next verse.
  22. Éxodo 3:22God warns that the Hebrew women will ask their Egyptian neighbors for objects of silver, gold, and clothing before leaving, and will go away carrying these with them. It is not a disguised theft: after generations of unpaid labor, the text treats this as a kind of overdue settling of accounts.

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