Juan 3

VBL · Chapter 3/21

1Había allí un hombre llamado Nicodemo, quien era un Fariseo y miembro del Concilio Supremo.

2Él vino por la noche donde Jesús estaba y le dijo: “Rabí, sabemos que eres un maestro que ha venido de parte Dios, porque nadie podría hacer las señales milagrosas que tú estás haciendo a menos que Dios esté con él”.

3“Te digo la verdad” respondió Jesús, “A menos que vuelvas a nacer, no puedes experimentar el reino de Dios”.

4“¿Cómo puede alguien volver a nacer, cuando ya es viejo?” preguntó Nicodemo. “¡Nadie puede regresar al vientre de su madre y nacer por segunda vez!”

5“Te digo la verdad, no puedes entrar al reino de Dios a menos que hayas nacido de agua y del Espíritu”, le dijo Jesús.

6“Lo que nace de la carne, es carne, y lo que nace del Espíritu, es Espíritu.

7No te sorprendas de que te dije: ‘Debes volver a nacer’.

8El viento sopla hacia donde quiere y apenas se alcanza a escuchar el sonido que hace, pero no sabes de dónde viene ni hacia dónde va; así ocurre con todo aquél que nace del Espíritu”.

9“¿Cómo es esto posible?” preguntó Nicodemo.

10“Tu eres un maestro famoso en Israel, ¿y aún así no entiendes tales cosas?” respondió Jesús.

11“Te digo la verdad: nosotros hablamos de lo que sabemos y damos testimonio de lo que hemos visto, pero ustedes se niegan a aceptar nuestro testimonio.

12Si ustedes no creen lo que yo digo cuando les hablo de cosas terrenales, ¿cómo podrán creer si les hablara de cosas celestiales?

13Nadie ha subido al cielo, sino que el Hijo del hombre descendió del cielo.

14Del mismo modo que Moisés levantó la serpiente en el desierto, así debe ser levantado el Hijo del hombre,

15de modo que todos los que confíen en él, tendrán vida eterna.

16“Porque Dios amó al mundo, y lo hizo de esta manera: entregó a su único Hijo, a fin de que todos los que crean en él no mueran, sino que tengan vida eterna.

17Dios no envió al Hijo al mundo para condenarlo, sino para salvar al mundo por medio de él.

18Aquellos que creen en él no están condenados, mientras que aquellos que no creen en él ya están condenados porque no creyeron en el único Hijo de Dios.

19Así es como se decide esto: la luz vino al mundo, pero las personas amaban las tinieblas más que a la luz, porque sus acciones eran malvadas.

20Todos los que hacen el mal odian la luz y no vienen a la luz, porque no quieren que sus acciones sean expuestas.

21Pero aquellos que hacen el bien vienen a la luz, para que se dé a conocer lo que Dios ha hecho en ellos”.

22Después de esto, Jesús y sus discípulos fueron a Judea y pasaron allí un tiempo con la gente, bautizándoles.

23Juan también estaba bautizando en Enón, cerca de Salim, porque allí había mucha agua y las personas seguían viniendo para ser bautizadas.

24(Esto ocurrió antes de que metieran a Juan en la cárcel).

25Surgió un debate entre los discípulos de Juan y los judíos respecto a la purificación ceremonial.

26Ellos fueron donde Juan y le dijeron: “Rabí, el hombre con el que estabas al otro lado del Jordán, del cual diste un testimonio favorable, ¡mira, ahora está bautizando y todos están acudiendo a él!”

27“Nadie recibe nada a menos que le sea dado del cielo”, respondió Juan.

28“Ustedes mismos pueden testificar de que yo he declarado: ‘Yo no soy el Mesías. He sido enviado para preparar su camino’.

29¡El novio es quien se casa con la novia! El padrino espera y escucha al novio, y se alegra cuando escucha la voz de alegría del novio, así que ahora mi felicidad está completa.

30Él debe volverse más importante, y yo debo volverme menos importante”.

31El que viene de arriba es más grande que todos; el que viene de la tierra pertenece a la tierra y habla cosas terrenales. El que viene del cielo es más grande que todos.

32El da testimonio acerca de lo que ha visto y escuchado, pero nadie acepta lo que él viene a decir.

33Sin embargo, todo aquél que acepta lo que el dice, confirma que Dios habla la verdad.

34Porque el que Dios envió habla las palabras de Dios, porque Dios no limita al Espíritu.

35El Padre ama al Hijo y ha puesto todo en sus manos.

36Cualquiera que confía en el Hijo tiene vida eterna, pero cualquiera que se niega a creer en el Hijo, no experimentará vida eterna, sino que sigue bajo la condenación de Dios.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Nicodemus, a religious leader, comes to Jesus at night and hears the teaching about being born again. Jesus explains that God loved the world so much that he sent his Son for its salvation. John the Baptist reaffirms his role as the forerunner of Jesus.

Explanation

Nicodemus, a respected teacher, comes in secret, showing the caution (or fear) he felt about being seen associating with Jesus. The idea of being 'born again' (or 'from above,' v.3) puzzles Nicodemus, but Jesus explains that it refers to a new spiritual birth, the work of the Holy Spirit, not of the flesh. Verse 16, one of the best-known verses in the Bible, sums up the heart of the gospel: God's love motivating the gift of his Son so that whoever believes may have eternal life. The practical application today is that genuine spiritual life requires an inner transformation, not merely a reform of behavior or religious knowledge.

Fun facts

  • The reference to 'the serpent lifted up in the wilderness by Moses' (v.14) points back to Numbers 21:8-9, where looking at the bronze serpent brought physical healing—Jesus uses this Old Testament image to explain how his own death on the cross would bring spiritual healing to anyone who looked to him in faith.
  • Nicodemus was a member of the Sanhedrin, the supreme Jewish religious council, and reappears later in John 7:50-51, defending a fair trial for Jesus, and in John 19:39, helping to prepare his body for burial.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Juan 3:1“A ruler of the Jews” means Nicodemus was a member of the Sanhedrin, the religious council that governed Jewish affairs in Jerusalem — he was not just any Pharisee; he carried real political and religious weight.
  2. Juan 3:2Nicodemus seeks out Jesus at night, probably so as not to be seen talking with Him in public; even so, he recognizes, from the signs Jesus performs, that He has come from God.
  3. Juan 3:3“Born again” is an expression that could also be understood as born from above, since the same Greek word carried both meanings. That is why Nicodemus takes it literally and asks how someone can go back into their mother’s womb: he missed the double meaning Jesus was using.
  4. Juan 3:4Nicodemus understands “born again” literally, because the same Greek word Jesus uses can also mean born from above — he catches only one of the two meanings, and so finds the idea impossible.
  5. Juan 3:5Here water is usually understood as a reference to the baptism John the Baptist was already practicing, and Spirit as something that comes from God and a person cannot produce on their own. Scholars disagree on the exact sense of this word, but the central idea stays the same as in the previous verse: a fresh start that no one brings about by themselves.
  6. Juan 3:6Jesus separates two kinds of origin: what is born of father and mother is merely flesh, ordinary physical existence; what is born of the Spirit is of another nature, spiritual — the two births are not to be confused.
  7. Juan 3:7Jesus returns to the point he opened the conversation with, reinforcing that this requirement of being born again is not an optional detail, nor something to be surprised about.
  8. Juan 3:8In Greek, the same word means both wind and spirit, which creates a play on words: just as no one can control where the wind comes from or where it goes, no one can fully explain the work of the Spirit either.
  9. Juan 3:9Nicodemus still does not understand, basically repeating the same doubt from the beginning, now in a more general way: how does this actually happen?
  10. Juan 3:10Jesus is surprised because Nicodemus was recognized as a teacher of Israel, and the idea of a heart renewed by God had already appeared in ancient prophets like Ezekiel — it should not have been a completely foreign concept to him.
  11. Juan 3:11Jesus speaks of things He knows and has certainly seen, but notices that Nicodemus, representing religious leaders in general here, does not accept this testimony.
  12. Juan 3:12The argument moves from lesser to greater: if Nicodemus already does not believe an explanation using an earthly image, like birth, how will he believe something even harder to grasp, the things of heaven?
  13. Juan 3:13Jesus states that He alone came down from heaven, and so He alone can speak with authority about these heavenly things. The phrase “which is in heaven,” at the end of the verse, does not appear in the Gospel’s oldest manuscripts.
  14. Juan 3:14This recalls an old story from the book of Numbers: the people were being bitten by snakes in the desert, and Moses put a bronze serpent on a pole, and whoever looked at it was healed. Jesus uses that scene to explain what is going to happen to Him: just as that serpent was lifted up to heal whoever looked at it, He too would be lifted up to save whoever trusted in Him.
  15. Juan 3:15It repeats almost the same promise spelled out in the following verse, the most famous one in the Gospel: whoever believes in Jesus is not lost, but gains life without end.
  16. Juan 3:16“Only begotten” does not mean an only child in the sense of having no siblings; it means something unique of its kind, without equal — the Greek word used here emphasizes that the Son of God has no comparison.
  17. Juan 3:17It clarifies the intention behind Jesus coming into the world: it was not to judge or condemn people, but to open a path of salvation — the opposite of what many expected from a Messiah who would come to judge Israel’s enemies.
  18. Juan 3:18Condemnation here is not described as something that will only happen in the future: whoever does not believe is already in that condition now, based on how they respond to Jesus.
  19. Juan 3:19It defines what this condemnation means: the light came into the world, but people preferred to stay in darkness because their deeds were evil — rejecting Jesus is treated as a choice, not a lack of information.
  20. Juan 3:20It explains the practical reason for that rejection: whoever does wrong avoids the light on purpose, because they do not want those actions exposed.
  21. Juan 3:21In contrast, whoever acts according to the truth has no fear of the light, because their actions, done in connection with God, have nothing to hide.
  22. Juan 3:22After the conversation with Nicodemus, Jesus changes scenery: He leaves Jerusalem for the Judean countryside, where He spends some time with the disciples baptizing people, shortly before returning to Galilee.
  23. Juan 3:23Aenon, near Salim, was known for having plenty of water available, which explains why John chose that specific spot to keep baptizing crowds.
  24. Juan 3:24This aside helps place the scene in time: all of this happens before John the Baptist is imprisoned, an event the other Gospels narrate in more detail.
  25. Juan 3:25A dispute arises between John’s disciples and a Jew about purification, probably comparing the washing rituals of the Jewish law with the very baptism John and Jesus were practicing.
  26. Juan 3:26John’s disciples grow uneasy on seeing that Jesus, the very one John himself had pointed to earlier, is now baptizing people and drawing bigger crowds than their own teacher.
  27. Juan 3:27John calmly answers that no one receives anything beyond what God decides to give — a way of saying that Jesus’s growing success is not something stolen; it was already determined by God.
  28. Juan 3:28John reminds his own disciples of something he had already said earlier, back at the start of the Gospel: he never claimed to be the Christ, only the messenger sent ahead of Him.
  29. Juan 3:29Weddings of the time had a role similar to a best man: the friend of the bridegroom helped organize part of the celebration and was then content just to hear his voice, without competing for attention with the couple. John the Baptist uses this familiar figure to explain his own role: he is content preparing the way, not standing in the spotlight.
  30. Juan 3:30This is John the Baptist’s best-known line in the Gospel, summing up his attitude toward Jesus’s rising success: he accepts, without bitterness, that his own role will shrink while Jesus’s grows.
  31. Juan 3:31From here on, scholars debate whether John the Baptist is still speaking or whether this has become the narrator’s own commentary — either way, the text contrasts the one who comes from heaven, with authority over everything, with the one who comes only from earth.
  32. Juan 3:32It says that this person who comes from heaven testifies to what He directly saw and heard, but almost no one accepts that testimony — a deliberate exaggeration that the next verse already softens with an exception.
  33. Juan 3:33To “seal” was the act of stamping a document with wax to confirm it was authentic; accepting this testimony is described as a way of confirming, through one’s actions, that God is trustworthy.
  34. Juan 3:34Unlike the prophets of old, who received the Spirit of God in limited portions to carry out their mission, the one God has now sent receives the Spirit without any limit at all.
  35. Juan 3:35It describes the relationship between Father and Son in terms of love and complete authority: everything has been placed in the Son’s hands, without restriction.
  36. Juan 3:36It closes the chapter with a clearly defined choice: believing in the Son brings life without end; not believing means remaining under God’s judgment, never reaching that life.

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