Juan 11

VBL · Chapter 11/21

1Un hombre llamado Lázaro estaba enfermo. Él vivía en Betania con sus hermanas María y Marta.

2María fue la que ungió al Señor con perfume y secó sus pies con su cabello. El que estaba enfermo era su hermano Lázaro.

3Entonces las hermanas enviaron un mensaje a Jesús: “Señor, tu amigo está enfermo”.

4Cuando Jesús escuchó la noticia dijo: “El resultado final de esta enfermedad no será la muerte. A través de esto, será revelada la gloria de Dios, a fin de que el Hijo de Dios sea glorificado”.

5Aunque Jesús amaba a Marta, María y Lázaro,

6y aunque había escuchado que Lázaro estaba enfermo, se quedó en el lugar donde estaba durante dos días más.

7Entonces le dijo a los discípulos: “Regresemos a Judea”.

8Los discípulos respondieron: “Maestro, hace apenas unos días los judíos estaban tratando de apedrearte. ¿Realmente quieres regresar allá ahora?”

9“¿Acaso no tiene doce horas el día?” respondió Jesús.

10“Si la gente camina durante el día, no se tropieza porque puede ver hacia dónde va, gracias a la luz de este mundo. Pero si camina por la noche, se tropieza porque no hay luz”.

11Después de decirles esto, les dijo: “Nuestro amigo Lázaro se ha dormido, ¡pero yo voy para despertarlo!”

12Los discípulos dijeron: “Señor, si está durmiendo, se pondrá mejor”.

13Jesús se había estado refiriendo a la muerte de Lázaro, pero los discípulos pensaban que él se refería realmente al acto de dormir.

14Así que Jesús les dijo claramente: “Lázaro está muerto.

15Me alegro por ustedes de que yo no estaba allí, porque ahora ustedes podrán creer en mí. Vayamos y veámoslo”.

16Tomás, el gemelo, dijo a sus condiscípulos: “Vayamos también para que muramos con él”.

17Cuando Jesús llegó, se enteró de que Lázaro había estado en la tumba por cuatro días.

18Betania estaba apenas a dos millas de Jerusalén,

19y muchos judíos habían venido a consolar a María y Marta ante la pérdida de su hermano.

20Cuando Marta supo que Jesús venía, salió a su encuentro, pero María se quedó en casa.

21Marta le dijo a Jesús: “Señor, si hubieras estado aquí, mi hermano no habría muerto.

22Pero estoy segura de que incluso ahora Dios te concederá cualquier cosa que le pidas”.

23Jesús le dijo: “Tu hermano se levantará de nuevo”.

24“Sé que se levantará en la resurrección, en el día final”, respondió Marta.

25Jesús dijo: “Yo soy la resurrección y la vida. Aquellos que creen en mí, vivirán aunque mueran.

26Todos los que viven en mí y creen en mí, no morirán jamás. ¿Crees esto?”

27“Sí, Señor”, respondió ella, “Yo creo que eres el Mesías, el Hijo de Dios, el que esperábamos que viniera al mundo”.

28Cuando ella terminó de decir esto, fue y le dijo a su hermana María, en privado: “El Maestro está aquí y ha dicho que quiere verte”.

29Tan pronto escuchó esto, María se levantó y fue a verlo.

30Jesús todavía no había llegado a la aldea. Aún estaba en el lugar donde Marta lo había ido a recibir.

31Los judíos que habían estado consolando a María en la casa vieron cómo ella se levantó rápidamente y salió. Entonces la siguieron, pensado que se dirigía a la tumba a llorar.

32Cuando María llegó al lugar donde estaba Jesús y lo vio, se postró a sus pies y dijo: “Señor, si hubieras estado aquí, mi hermano no habría muerto”.

33Cuando la vio llorando a ella y a los judíos que habían venido con ella, Jesús se sintió atribulado y triste.

34“¿Dónde lo han puesto?” preguntó él.

35Entonces Jesús también lloró.

36“Miren cuánto lo amaba”, dijeron los judíos.

37Pero algunos de ellos decían: “Si pudo abrir los ojos de un hombre ciego, ¿no podía haber impedido la muerte de Lázaro?”

38Muy atribulado, Jesús se dirigió a la tumba. Era una cueva con una gran piedra que tapaba la entrada.

39“Quiten la piedra”, les dijo Jesús.

40“¿No te dije que si crees en mi verás la Gloria de Dios?” respondió Jesús.

41Entonces quitaron la piedra. Jesús levantó su mirada hacia el cielo y dijo: “Padre, gracias por escucharme.

42Yo sé que siempre me escuchas. Dije esto por causa de la multitud que está aquí, a fin de que crean que tú me enviaste”.

43Después de decir esto, Jesús dijo en voz alta: “¡Lázaro, sal de ahí!”

44El difunto salió. Sus manos y sus pies estaban envueltos con tiras de lino, y su cabeza estaba envuelta con un paño.

45Como consecuencia de esto, muchos de los judíos que habían venido a consolar a María y que vieron lo que Jesús hizo, creyeron en él.

46Pero otros fueron donde los fariseos y les contaron lo que Jesús había hecho.

47Entonces el jefe de los sacerdotes y los fariseos convocaron una reunión del Concilio Supremo. “¿Qué haremos?” preguntaban. “Este hombre está haciendo muchos milagros.

48Si dejamos que siga, todos creerán en él, y entonces los romanos destruirán tanto el Templo como nuestra nación”.

49“¡Ustedes no entienden nada!” dijo Caifás, quien era el Sumo sacerdote en ese año.

50“¿Acaso no se dan cuenta de que es mejor para ustedes que un solo hombre muera por el pueblo y no que toda la nación sea destruida?”

51Él no decía esto por su propia cuenta, sino que como Sumo sacerdote en ese año, él estaba profetizando que Jesús moriría por la nación.

52Y no solo por la nación judía, sino por todos los hijos de Dios que estaban esparcidos, a fin de que volvieran a reunirse y ser un solo pueblo.

53A partir de ese momento, ellos conspiraban sobre cómo podían matar a Jesús.

54De modo que Jesús no viajaba de manera pública entre los judíos sino que se fue a una ciudad llamada Efraín, en la región cercana al desierto, y permaneció allí con sus discípulos.

55Ya casi era la fecha de la celebración de la Pascua judía, y mucha gente se fue del campo hasta Jerusalén para purificarse para la Pascua.

56La gente buscaba a Jesús y hablaban de él mientras estaban en el Templo. “¿Qué piensan de esto?” se preguntaban unos a otros. “¿Será que no vendrá a la fiesta?”

57Los jefes de los sacerdotes y los fariseos habían dado la orden de que cualquiera que supiera dónde estaba Jesús debía informarles para así poder arrestarlo.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Jesus raises Lazarus, dead for four days, in front of Martha, Mary, and a crowd, revealing himself as 'the resurrection and the life.' This miracle leads the religious leaders to finally plot his death.

Explanation

Jesus' deliberate delay in reaching Lazarus (v.6) is not indifference but part of a greater purpose to reveal God's glory through a miracle even more impressive than a simple healing. The declaration 'I am the resurrection and the life' (v.25) is one of the most central statements in the Gospel, showing that eternal life is tied to the person of Jesus, not merely to a future event. Jesus' weeping at the tomb (v.35), even knowing he would raise Lazarus, reveals his genuine humanity in the face of grief. Ironically, it is this very miracle that seals the religious leaders' decision to kill him, fulfilling God's greater plan. The practical application today is that Jesus genuinely cares about our pain, even when he already has a greater plan in motion.

Fun facts

  • Verse 35, 'Jesus wept,' is famously the shortest verse in the Bible, yet it carries great theological weight, showing Jesus' genuine compassion even though he already knew the miraculous outcome that was about to happen.
  • The unwitting prophecy of Caiaphas, the high priest, that 'it is expedient that one man die for the people' (v.49-50), is presented by John as a providential irony: he meant it politically, but his words literally prophesied the saving purpose of Jesus' death.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Juan 11:1This Bethany is different from the one mentioned in chapter 1: it’s near Jerusalem, the village where the siblings Lazarus, Martha, and Mary lived, a family Jesus visited often.
  2. Juan 11:2The narrator already identifies Mary as the woman who will later anoint Jesus’ feet, a scene told in detail only in chapter 12 — a way of letting the reader know in advance who she is.
  3. Juan 11:3The sisters send word to Jesus without making a direct request, only describing the situation and appealing to His love for Lazarus, hoping He’ll understand the message.
  4. Juan 11:4Jesus responds in a way that seems to contradict the seriousness of the illness: He already announces that the final purpose isn’t death, but showing God’s glory through what is about to happen.
  5. Juan 11:5The text makes clear that Jesus loved that whole family, an important detail because it contrasts with His delay in going there, told in the next verse.
  6. Juan 11:6Even knowing about the illness, Jesus waits two more days before moving — a deliberate delay, not carelessness, which allows the miracle to happen in an even more unmistakable way.
  7. Juan 11:7Only after these two days does Jesus propose to the disciples that they go back to Judea, the region they had just narrowly escaped a stoning in.
  8. Juan 11:8The disciples grow worried and question the decision, reminding Him of the recent danger He faced there.
  9. Juan 11:9Once again it’s the count of daylight hours starting from sunrise: twelve hours of light, from dawn to dusk. Jesus uses this as a metaphor: while it’s still day, while there’s still time, He will keep doing what He needs to do, even at risk.
  10. Juan 11:10He completes the image from the previous verse: walking at night makes one stumble for lack of light — Jesus uses this metaphor to justify going to Lazarus despite the danger, acting while it’s still ‘day’ for His mission.
  11. Juan 11:11‘Sleep’ was a common way of speaking of death without saying the word directly, both in Greek and in other languages of the time. The disciples take it literally, thinking Lazarus was just resting, which is why Jesus has to correct them and say plainly that he is dead.
  12. Juan 11:12The disciples take ‘Lazarus sleepeth’ literally, imagining that sleep would be a sign of improvement, not of death.
  13. Juan 11:13The narrator clears up the misunderstanding right away: Jesus was speaking of Lazarus’ death, but the disciples thought He was talking about ordinary sleep.
  14. Juan 11:14Faced with the confusion, Jesus drops the figurative language and says plainly: Lazarus is dead.
  15. Juan 11:15Jesus reveals the reason behind the delay: He is glad, for the disciples’ sake, that He wasn’t there before, because this will help them believe even more when they see what’s about to happen.
  16. Juan 11:16‘Didymus’ is the Greek translation of Thomas’ nickname, meaning twin; his remark shows loyalty mixed with a certain fatalism, expecting that going to Judea now might cost all of them their lives.
  17. Juan 11:17When Jesus arrives, Lazarus had already been in the tomb four days — long enough, according to the popular belief of the time, to leave no doubt at all that the death was final.
  18. Juan 11:18The short distance between Bethany and Jerusalem, about two miles, explains why so many people from there were able to come pay their condolences, and why news of what happens would spread quickly to the authorities.
  19. Juan 11:19The presence of many Jews who came to comfort the sisters shows this was a well-known family, with connections in Jerusalem itself.
  20. Juan 11:20The two sisters react differently: Martha runs out to meet Jesus, while Mary stays sitting at home — a difference in temperament that also shows up in another account in the gospel of Luke.
  21. Juan 11:21Martha’s words mix genuine grief with a hint of reproach: if Jesus had arrived earlier, her brother wouldn’t have died.
  22. Juan 11:22Even with this hurt, she expresses an ongoing confidence: she knows Jesus has a special relationship with God, able to obtain whatever He asks.
  23. Juan 11:23Jesus’ answer, ‘Thy brother shall rise again,’ is deliberately ambiguous, and could be understood either about a distant future or about something more immediate.
  24. Juan 11:24Martha interprets the statement as a reference to the belief common among Jews of the time in a general resurrection, which would only happen at the end of time, in ‘the resurrection at the last day.’
  25. Juan 11:25Jesus corrects this distant expectation with one of the strongest declarations in the gospel: He Himself is the resurrection and the life, something present and personal, not just a promise for a distant future.
  26. Juan 11:26He continues the previous statement and finishes with a direct question to Martha, asking her to declare for herself whether she believes this.
  27. Juan 11:27Martha’s answer is one of the most complete confessions of faith in the whole gospel, recognizing Jesus as the Christ, the Son of God, the one expected to come into the world.
  28. Juan 11:28After this conversation, Martha goes to call her sister secretly, probably to avoid drawing the attention of the crowd of people still there comforting Mary.
  29. Juan 11:29As soon as she hears the message, Mary gets up and goes immediately to Jesus, a contrast with her more passive posture at the start of the scene.
  30. Juan 11:30This detail clarifies the setting: Jesus still hadn’t entered the village, and remained in the same spot outside it where Martha had first met Him.
  31. Juan 11:31The Jews who were comforting Mary at home, seeing her rush out, assume she’s going to weep at the tomb and decide to follow her, not knowing she’s actually going to Jesus.
  32. Juan 11:32Mary repeats almost the same words as Martha, with the same mix of grief and reproach: if Jesus had arrived in time, her brother would still be alive.
  33. Juan 11:33Seeing Mary weeping, and the Jews who were with her weeping too, Jesus is deeply moved and visibly troubled — a strong emotional reaction to someone else’s grief.
  34. Juan 11:34Jesus asks where they have laid the body, and the answer, ‘Come and see,’ is a direct invitation for Him to witness the situation up close.
  35. Juan 11:35The shortest verse in the Bible: Jesus weeps in front of His friend’s tomb, even knowing He is about to raise him from the dead — showing that His sorrow was genuine, not staged.
  36. Juan 11:36The Jews’ reaction on seeing Jesus weep is to take it as proof of how much He loved Lazarus.
  37. Juan 11:37Others, however, question with a certain skepticism: if He was able to open a blind man’s eyes, why didn’t He prevent this death?
  38. Juan 11:38Jesus is moved again and goes to the tomb, described as a cave closed with a stone — the type of burial place common at the time for families of some means.
  39. Juan 11:39There was a popular Jewish belief that a person’s soul lingered near the body for three days after death, hoping to return, and only gave up for good on the fourth day. Martha’s mention that four days have already passed is a way of saying there was no possible doubt left: to everyone there, Lazarus was truly, definitively dead.
  40. Juan 11:40Jesus reminds Martha of something He had already told her: that if she believed, she would see the glory of God manifested right there.
  41. Juan 11:41After they take away the stone, Jesus prays aloud, thanking the Father for having already heard Him — a prayer made more for the crowd to hear than as a new request.
  42. Juan 11:42Jesus explains why He prays aloud like this: He knows the Father always hears Him, but He wants the surrounding crowd to witness it and believe that God sent Him.
  43. Juan 11:43After the prayer, Jesus cries out in a loud voice, calling Lazarus to come out of the tomb — a direct command, with no ritual beyond His own word.
  44. Juan 11:44Lazarus comes out still wrapped in the burial cloths used at the time, and Jesus tells them to unbind him — a detail that visually confirms this was truly a dead body, not a staged scene.
  45. Juan 11:45Many of the Jews who had come to comfort Mary, seeing the miracle with their own eyes, come to believe in Jesus.
  46. Juan 11:46But not everyone reacts with faith: some go straight to tell the Pharisees what Jesus had just done, which will trigger the religious authorities’ response.
  47. Juan 11:47The chief priests and Pharisees gather in council, worried about the growing number of signs Jesus was performing and the effect this was having on the people.
  48. Juan 11:48Their fear is political: if they let Jesus continue, everyone will believe in Him, and that could provoke a Roman response that strips the Jewish leaders of the little autonomy and power they still had.
  49. Juan 11:49Under the original Jewish law, the office of high priest was held for life, but under Roman rule the governors swapped out the person in the position according to political interests, which is why the text marks ‘that same year,’ describing an office that had become more of a rotating post than it was meant to be. Caiaphas was the high priest at the time of Jesus’ death, and this same family, along with his father-in-law Annas, appears again in the interrogations later on.
  50. Juan 11:50Caiaphas completes his practical, cold-blooded reasoning: it’s better for them that one man die for the people than that the whole nation be destroyed by the political consequences.
  51. Juan 11:51The narrator points to something deeper behind Caiaphas’ self-serving remark: without realizing it, by virtue of holding the office of high priest, he ends up truly prophesying that Jesus would die for the nation.
  52. Juan 11:52And he adds that this death would not be for the Jewish nation only, but to gather together all the scattered children of God, an allusion to the inclusion of people outside Israel as well.
  53. Juan 11:53From that council onward, the decision to kill Jesus stops being just an idea and becomes an active plan among the religious authorities.
  54. Juan 11:54Because of this plan, Jesus stops moving about openly among the Jews and withdraws to a more remote region, near the wilderness, in a city called Ephraim.
  55. Juan 11:55This is the third Passover mentioned in John’s gospel; it was customary for pilgrims to arrive in Jerusalem several days before the feast to go through rituals of purification.
  56. Juan 11:56Curiosity about Jesus takes over the temple: people speculate among themselves whether He would dare show up at the feast, knowing the danger He was in.
  57. Juan 11:57The religious leaders had already issued an official order: whoever knew Jesus’ whereabouts was to report it, so that He could be arrested as soon as He appeared.

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