Lucas 14

VBL · Chapter 14/24

1Cierto sábado, Jesús fue a comer en la casa de uno de los líderes de los fariseos y allí lo observaban de cerca.

2Había un hombre cuyos brazos y piernas estaban hinchados.

3Así que Jesús le preguntó a los expertos en leyes religiosas y a los fariseos: “¿Permite la ley sanar en sábado o no?”

4Pero se quedaron en silencio. Jesús tocó al hombre, lo sanó, y lo despidió.

5Entonces Jesús les dijo: “Si de repente su buey se cayera en un pozo el día sábado, ¿no tratarían de sacarlo inmediatamente?”

6Pero ellos no pudieron dar respuesta.

7Entonces Jesús, al darse cuenta de que los invitados habían escogido lugares de honor, les contó un relato:

8“Cuando seas invitado a la recepción de una boda, no tomes el lugar de honor, porque es posible que hayan invitado a alguien más importante que tú”.

9“El anfitrión que te invitó vendrá y te dirá: ‘Dale tu lugar a este hombre’. Entonces, avergonzado, tendrás que ir y sentarte en cualquier lugar que esté disponible.

10En lugar de ello, cuando seas invitado, toma el lugar más humilde, y así cuando el anfitrión entre, te dirá: ‘Amigo mío, por favor, ven a un sitio mejor’. Entonces serás honrado delante de todos los invitados que están sentados contigo.

11Porque los que se exaltan a sí mismos, serán humillados, y los que se humillan, serán exaltados”.

12Entonces le dijo al hombre que lo había invitado: “Cuando brindes un almuerzo o una cena, no invites a tus amigos, ni a tus hermanos, ni a tus parientes, o vecinos, porque ellos podrían invitarte después, y así te pagarían la invitación.

13En lugar de ello, cuando ofrezcas un banquete, invita a los pobres, a los lisiados, a los paralíticos, a los ciegos,

14y serás bendecido, porque ellos no tienen cómo pagarte, y tú serás recompensado en la resurrección de los buenos”.

15Cuando uno de los que comía en la mesa con Jesús oyó esto, le dijo: “¡Cuán maravilloso será para los que celebren en el reino de Dios!”

16“Había una vez un hombre que preparó un gran banquete, e invitó a muchos”, respondió Jesús.

17“Cuando llegó el momento de comer, envió a sus siervos para que le dijeran a todos los que habían sido invitados: ‘Vengan, porque el banquete está listo’.

18Pero ellos comenzaron a presentar excusas. El primero dijo: ‘Acabo de comprar un campo y tengo que ir a verlo. Por favor, discúlpame’.

19Otro dijo: ‘Acabo de comprar cinco pares de bueyes y debo ir a probarlos. Por favor, discúlpame’. Y todavía otro dijo:

20‘Acabo de casarme, así que no puedo ir’.

21Entonces el siervo regresó y le dijo a su señor lo que ellos le habían dicho. El dueño de la casa se puso muy molesto y le dijo a su siervo: ‘Rápido, sal a las calles y a los callejones de la ciudad, y trae a los pobres y lisiados, a los ciegos y paralíticos’.

22“Entonces el siervo dijo: ‘Señor, hice lo que me dijiste, pero aún hay lugares disponibles’.

23“Entonces el amo le dijo al siervo: ‘Sal a los caminos y senderos del campo, y haz que vengan las personas, quiero que se llene mi casa.

24Te aseguro que ninguna de esas personas que invité probará bocado de mi banquete’”.

25Y una gran multitud acompañaba a Jesús. Entonces él se volvió a ellos y les dijo:

26“Si quieren seguirme pero no aborrecen a su padre y a su madre, a su esposa e hijos, a sus hermanos y hermanas—incluso sus propias vidas—no pueden ser mis discípulos.

27Si no cargan su cruz y me siguen, no pueden ser mis discípulos.

28Si planeas construir una torre, ¿no calcularás primero el costo, y verás si tienes suficiente dinero para completarla?

29De lo contrario, podría suceder que después de poner los fundamentos de la torre, te des cuenta de que no podrás terminarla, y todos los que la vieran se burlarían de ti, diciendo:

30‘Míralo: comenzó a construir pero no pudo terminarla’.

31“¿Qué rey va a la guerra contra otro rey sin sentarse primero con sus consejeros a considerar si él y sus diez mil hombres pueden derrotar al que viene contra él con veinte mil hombres?

32Si no puede, enviará a sus representantes para pedir paz mientras el otro rey aún está lejos.

33De la misma manera, cada uno de ustedes, si no renuncian a todo, no pueden ser mis discípulos.

34La sal es buena, pero si pierde su sabor, ¿cómo podrás hacer que sea salada nuevamente?

35No es buena para el suelo, ni sirve como fertilizante, simplemente se bota. ¡El que tiene oídos, oiga!”

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Jesus heals a man on the Sabbath at the home of a Pharisee and teaches about humility at the table. He tells the parable of the great banquet, whose original guests refuse to attend, and teaches about the cost of being his disciple.

Explanation

The banquet scene begins with Jesus observing people competing for the seats of honor, and he teaches that true honor comes from God, not self-promotion. The parable of the great banquet criticizes those who reject God's invitation because of material priorities (a field, oxen, a wedding), making room for the marginalized who accept the invitation. The closing teachings on counting the cost of following Jesus (a tower, a war) show that discipleship demands serious commitment, not an impulsive decision. The practical application today is to honestly evaluate whether life's priorities leave room for what God calls most important.

Fun facts

  • Invitations to banquets in ancient Middle Eastern culture were sent in advance and confirmed on the day itself, which is why the refusals in the parable (v.18-20) would have been seen as a serious social insult to the host.
  • The tasteless salt mentioned at the end of the chapter refers to salt from the region of the Dead Sea, which contained mineral impurities and could lose its saltiness, becoming useless — an image well known to Jesus' listeners.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Lucas 14:1Jesus enters the house of a prominent Pharisee on a Sabbath to eat, but the mood is already hostile: the text makes clear they were watching Him closely, looking for grounds for an accusation.
  2. Lucas 14:2A man with dropsy, an abnormal buildup of fluid in the body, is right there in front of Jesus — possibly placed there on purpose as a test, given the watchful atmosphere of the previous verse.
  3. Lucas 14:3Unlike other Sabbath healings, this time Jesus asks before acting, putting the question directly to the lawyers and Pharisees: is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?
  4. Lucas 14:4Their silence shows they have no good counterargument, but they are also unwilling to admit it — Jesus heals the man anyway and sends him away.
  5. Lucas 14:5Jesus again uses the argument of an animal fallen into a well, which anyone would rescue even on the Sabbath — a practical exception everyone already accepted without objection.
  6. Lucas 14:6Once again no one can answer this argument — the second silence in the same scene confirms that Jesus’ reasoning was unanswerable to them.
  7. Lucas 14:7Jesus notices how the guests were choosing the best seats and uses that as a hook for a parable about social behavior.
  8. Lucas 14:8Where each guest sat at a banquet was not random: seats closest to the host marked social status, and competing for a better place than one deserved was a real social scene, not an exaggeration on Jesus’ part. The recommendation to choose the lowest seat avoids precisely the public embarrassment of being demoted in front of everyone.
  9. Lucas 14:9If someone more important arrives later, the host may ask that the seat be given up, and the person ends up having to take the last place, humiliated in front of everyone.
  10. Lucas 14:10Jesus recommends the opposite: take the last place on purpose, so that the host might invite the person to move up — a path to genuine honor, without the risk of public humiliation.
  11. Lucas 14:11The general principle closes the teaching: whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted — the social lesson becomes a broader spiritual principle.
  12. Lucas 14:12Turning to the host himself, Jesus challenges the normal logic of invitations: inviting rich friends and relatives only guarantees social repayment, which would already be the whole reward.
  13. Lucas 14:13The normal custom was to invite those who could return the invitation later — a social exchange between equals. Inviting people who could never pay it back breaks that exchange logic that organized practically all of social life at the time.
  14. Lucas 14:14The alternative proposed brings a different reward: invite those who cannot repay, and the reward comes only at the resurrection of the just, not in an immediate exchange.
  15. Lucas 14:15One of the guests lets slip an idealized comment about eating bread in the kingdom of God — it is this remark that leads into the parable of the great banquet told next.
  16. Lucas 14:16The parable begins with a common scene: a man arranges a great banquet and invites many people.
  17. Lucas 14:17It was customary at the time to invite in advance and then send word once the meal was actually ready — this second notice is what the servant brings to the guests.
  18. Lucas 14:18The first excuse, having bought a field and needing to see it, sounds unconvincing: no one would buy land without seeing it first.
  19. Lucas 14:19The second excuse, testing five yoke of newly bought oxen, has the same problem: it is not something that needed doing at that exact hour.
  20. Lucas 14:20The third excuse, having just gotten married, is the weakest of all — a recent marriage would not have kept someone from attending a feast.
  21. Lucas 14:21Faced with the general refusal, the master of the house, indignant, changes the target of the invitation: he sends for the poor, the crippled, the blind, and the lame from the city streets — the same group Jesus had already recommended inviting earlier.
  22. Lucas 14:22The servant reports that the order was carried out and there is still room — showing that the marginalized of the city do not even fill the whole reserved space.
  23. Lucas 14:23The master orders him to go even further, to the roads and hedges outside the city, and to urge people to come in — an invitation extended to strangers, who would probably hesitate without some insistence.
  24. Lucas 14:24The conclusion is final: none of the original guests will taste that banquet — their refusal had a lasting consequence, despite the genuine invitation they received.
  25. Lucas 14:25Great crowds accompany Jesus, and He turns to speak directly to them — introducing one of the most demanding passages on the cost of following Him.
  26. Lucas 14:26This way of speaking, contrasting loving and hating in an exaggerated way, is a common construction in the Hebrew and Aramaic of the time to mean loving far less by comparison, not literal hatred — the same construction appears elsewhere in biblical texts about preferring one person over another. Jesus is demanding that no family bond, however strong, come before commitment to Him.
  27. Lucas 14:27Repeating a teaching already given before, carrying one’s own cross and following Him appears here as a condition, not a suggestion, for being called a disciple.
  28. Lucas 14:28Building a watchtower, common in vineyards to protect the harvest, required real planning of resources before starting — an unfinished tower would stand there, a visible failure for everyone to see. It is an everyday agricultural scene any listener would recognize at once.
  29. Lucas 14:29The risk of starting to build and failing to finish brings public ridicule as a consequence, from whoever sees the stalled work — an image of shame from lack of planning.
  30. Lucas 14:30The mockery is quoted directly: ‘This man began to build, and was not able to finish’ — a very specific, humiliating public verdict.
  31. Lucas 14:31Calculating whether ten thousand soldiers could withstand an attack of twenty thousand was a practical, common military assessment that any king or general of the time would make before deciding between fighting or negotiating peace. Jesus uses this realistic calculation to speak of the weight of deciding to follow Him without counting the cost first.
  32. Lucas 14:32In the second parable, about the king going to war, if his forces are not enough he sends a delegation to ask for peace terms while the other king is still far away — a strategic decision made in time, before it is too late.
  33. Lucas 14:33The conclusion joins both parables: giving up everything one has is presented as a necessary condition for being a disciple, a very demanding standard after these two examples of counting the cost beforehand.
  34. Lucas 14:34Salt in that era, mixed with minerals, could lose its saltiness while the useless residue remained — hence Jesus’ question about how to restore something that has already lost its purpose.
  35. Lucas 14:35That useless salt is fit neither for the soil nor for fertilizer, so it is simply thrown out — and Jesus closes with the same call to genuine attention used at the end of the parable of the sower.

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