Lucas 10

VBL · Chapter 10/24

1Después de esto, el Señor designó a otros setenta discípulos, y los envió de dos en dos a cada ciudad y lugar que él planeaba visitar.

2“La cosecha es grande, pero hay pocos trabajadores”, les dijo. “Oren para que el Señor de la cosecha envíe trabajadores a sus campos.

3Así que sigan su camino: yo los envío como ovejas en medio de lobos.

4No lleven dinero, ni bolsas, ni calzado adicional, y no gasten tiempo hablando con las personas que se encuentren.

5Toda casa donde entren, digan en primer lugar: ‘Que la paz esté en esta casa’.

6Si hay alguna persona pacífica viviendo allí, entonces la paz de ustedes estará con ellos; si no, la paz regresará a ustedes.

7Quédense en esa casa, coman y beban todo lo que allí les brinden, pues un trabajador merece su pago. No vayan de una casa a otra.

8Si llegan a una ciudad y las personas de allí los reciben, entonces coman lo que esté frente a ustedes

9y sanen a los que estén enfermos. Díganles: ‘El reino de Dios ha venido a ustedes’.

10Pero si llegan a una ciudad y las personas no los reciben, vayan por las calles y díganles:

11‘Sacudimos hasta el polvo de esta ciudad de nuestros pies para mostrarles nuestro descontento. Pero reconozcan esto: el reino de Dios ha llegado’.

12“Les aseguro que en el Día del Juicio será mejor la suerte de Sodoma que la de esa ciudad.

13¡Lástima por ti, Corazín! ¡Lástima por ti, Betsaida! Porque si los milagros que ustedes vieron hubieran ocurrido en Tiro y Sidón, ya ellos se habrían arrepentido hace mucho tiempo, y estarían sentándose en cilicio y cenizas.

14Es por eso que en el juicio Tiro y Sidón tendrán mejor suerte que ustedes.

15Y tú, Capernaúm, no serás exaltada en el cielo; tú descenderás al Hades.

16“Todo el que los oye a ustedes me oye a mí, y todo el que los rechaza a ustedes me rechaza a mí. Pero cualquiera que me rechaza a mí, rechaza al que me envió”.

17Los setenta discípulos regresaron con gran emoción, diciendo: “¡Señor, hasta los demonios hacen lo que les decimos en tu nombre!”

18Y Jesús respondió: “Yo vi a Satanás caer como un rayo del cielo.

19Sí, yo les he dado poder para pisar sobre serpientes y escorpiones, y para vencer toda la fuerza del enemigo, y nada les hará daño.

20Pero no se deleiten en que los espíritus hagan lo que ustedes les dicen, solo alégrense de que los nombres de ustedes estén escritos en el cielo”.

21En ese momento Jesús fue lleno con el gozo del Espíritu Santo, y dijo: “¡Gracias, Padre, Señor del cielo y de la tierra, porque tú ocultaste estas cosas de los sabios e inteligentes y las revelaste a tus hijos! Sí, Padre, tú te complaciste en hacerlo así.

22“Mi padre me ha entregado todo. Nadie entiende al Hijo, excepto el Padre, y nadie entiende al Padre, excepto el Hijo y aquellos a quienes el Hijo elige para relevarles al Padre”.

23Cuando estaban solos, Jesús se volvió hacia sus discípulos y les dijo: “¡Estos que ven lo que ustedes están viendo deberían estar muy felices!

24Yo les digo que muchos profetas y reyes han querido ver lo que ustedes están viendo, pero ellos no vieron, y querían oír las cosas que ustedes están oyendo, pero no oyeron”.

25En cierta ocasión, un experto en leyes religiosas se levantó y quiso ponerle una trampa a Jesús: “Maestro”, preguntó, “¿Qué debo hacer para ganar la vida eterna?”

26“¿Qué está escrito en la ley? ¿Qué has leído?” preguntó Jesús.

27“Amarás al Señor tu Dios con todo tu corazón, y con todo tu espíritu, y con todas tus fuerzas, y con toda tu mente; y amarás a tu prójimo como a ti mismo”, respondió el hombre.

28“Estás en lo cierto”, le dijo Jesús. “Haz esto, y vivirás”.

29Pero el hombre quería vindicarse, así que le preguntó a Jesús: “¿Y quién es mi prójimo?”

30Jesús respondió, diciendo: “Un hombre descendía de Jerusalén hacia Jericó. Y fue asaltado por unos ladrones, quienes lo desnudaron y lo golpearon, dejándolo casi muerto.

31Sucedió que un sacerdote iba por el mismo camino. Este vio al hombre, pero siguió de largo, tomando el otro lado del camino.

32Luego pasó un levita. Pero cuando llegó al lugar y vio al hombre, también siguió de largo por el otro lado del camino.

33“Finalmente pasó un samaritano. Cuando pasaba por allí, vio al hombre y sintió compasión por él.

34Se le acercó y curó sus heridas con aceite y vino, y les puso vendas. Entonces puso al hombre sobre su asno y lo llevó a una posada, y allí cuidó de él.

35Al día siguiente le entregó dos denarios al propietario de la posada y le dijo: ‘Cuida de él, y si gastas más de esta cantidad, yo te pagaré cuando regrese’.

36¿Cuál de estos tres hombres crees que fue el prójimo del hombre que fue atacado por los ladrones?”

37“El que fue bondadoso”, respondió el hombre.

38Mientras iban de camino, Jesús llegó a una aldea, y una mujer llamada Marta lo invitó a su casa.

39Ella tenía una hermana llamada María, quien se sentó a los pies del Señor y escuchaba su enseñanza.

40Marta estaba preocupada por todas las cosas que debían hacerse para preparar la comida, así que vino donde Jesús y le dijo: “Maestro, ¿no te preocupa que mi hermana me ha dejado haciendo todo el trabajo a mí sola? ¡Dile que venga y me ayude!”

41“Marta, Marta”, respondió el Señor, “estás preocupada y alterada por esto.

42Pero solo una cosa es realmente necesaria. María ha elegido lo correcto, y no se le quitará”.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Jesus sends out seventy disciples on a mission, and they return rejoicing over the results. He tells the parable of the good Samaritan in response to the question 'who is my neighbor?' and visits the home of Martha and Mary, praising Mary's choice to listen to him.

Explanation

The sending out of the seventy (a number that, in some Jewish traditions, symbolically represented the nations of the world) extends the reach of the mission beyond the twelve apostles. The parable of the good Samaritan surprises the Jewish audience by making the hero someone from a despised group, teaching that love for one's neighbor knows no ethnic or religious boundaries. The scene with Martha and Mary does not devalue practical service, but highlights that listening to Jesus is a priority that must not be lost in the rush of activity. Today's practical application is to ask who we actually act as a neighbor to, rather than simply who we consider worthy of help.

Fun facts

  • Priests and Levites avoided touching bodies that might be dead so as not to become ritually unclean (Leviticus 21), which helps explain — though it does not excuse — why they passed by on the other side in the parable.
  • The road between Jerusalem and Jericho, the setting of the parable, was known at the time as dangerous and full of robbers, due to its isolated terrain and steep descents.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Lucas 10:1The number seventy recalls both the seventy elders who helped Moses lead the people and the traditional list of the world’s nations in Genesis — scholars disagree on which reference Luke had in mind. Sending them out two by two also followed a practical custom: two witnesses were needed for testimony to count as valid.
  2. Lucas 10:2The image of the plentiful harvest with few workers is a farming metaphor for the need for more people to spread the message — that is why Jesus tells them to ask the “Lord of the harvest” Himself to send out more laborers.
  3. Lucas 10:3Comparing the disciples to lambs among wolves is a direct warning about the real vulnerability they will face, with no ordinary means of defending themselves.
  4. Lucas 10:4Traveling without provisions repeats the instruction given earlier to the twelve. Not greeting anyone along the road calls for urgency: greetings of that time could involve long conversations and exchanges of news, a luxury the mission had no time for.
  5. Lucas 10:5“Peace be to this house” was the traditional Jewish greeting (shalom), but here it functions as something more than formality, as the next verse explains.
  6. Lucas 10:6The peace declared works almost like something tangible: if a “son of peace” is there, it will rest on him; if not, it returns to the one who offered it — it is not just a wish, it is treated as a real blessing.
  7. Lucas 10:7Staying in the same house, eating whatever is offered, because “the labourer is worthy of his hire,” makes clear that accepting hospitality is not charity: it is legitimate support for the work of the mission.
  8. Lucas 10:8Eating whatever is offered in each town also suggests a looser approach to specific dietary rules during this itinerant mission.
  9. Lucas 10:9Healing the sick and announcing that the kingdom of God has come shows the message and the miracle going hand in hand — the healing is concrete proof of the announcement.
  10. Lucas 10:10If a town does not receive the messengers, the instruction changes: go out into its streets and publicly declare the rejection, instead of pressing the matter.
  11. Lucas 10:11Shaking off even the dust that clung to their feet was a gesture of symbolic repudiation against the place — but even so, the message that the kingdom has come still stands, whether it is accepted or not.
  12. Lucas 10:12Comparing the town that rejects the disciples to Sodom, the ultimate symbol of wickedness in the Old Testament, is a way of saying that refusing Jesus’s message will weigh even more heavily in judgment than the sins of Sodom itself.
  13. Lucas 10:13Chorazin and Bethsaida received many miracles and still did not change — Jesus says that pagan cities like Tyre and Sidon, known for idolatry, would have repented long ago had they seen the same.
  14. Lucas 10:14That is why judgment will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon than for these towns: the more revelation someone receives, the greater the responsibility.
  15. Lucas 10:15The irony lands on Capernaum, Jesus’s base of operations and the setting for so many miracles: instead of being exalted, it will be brought down precisely for not living up to what it saw.
  16. Lucas 10:16This statement establishes a chain of authority: rejecting the disciples is rejecting Jesus, and rejecting Jesus is rejecting the very God who sent Him.
  17. Lucas 10:17The seventy return with joy, reporting that even the demons submitted to them in Jesus’s name — the mission described at the start of the chapter succeeds.
  18. Lucas 10:18Jesus’s reply, about seeing Satan fall from heaven like lightning, is understood as a vision of spiritual defeat tied to the success of the seventy’s mission — their small victories reflect something greater happening.
  19. Lucas 10:19The promise of power over serpents, scorpions, and all the enemy’s strength is figurative language for complete protection and authority during the mission, not a literal instruction about handling dangerous animals.
  20. Lucas 10:20Jesus redirects their joy: it should not come from power over spirits but from having their names written in heaven — a deeper, more lasting source of joy than any ministry success.
  21. Lucas 10:21Jesus thanks the Father for hiding these things from the wise and revealing them to little children — a paradoxical praise of simplicity and humble receptiveness, valued above intellectual sophistication.
  22. Lucas 10:22This statement about the mutual, exclusive knowledge between Father and Son sounds similar to the language of John’s Gospel, unusual among the synoptic Gospels — one of the highest points of Jesus’s self-revelation in Luke.
  23. Lucas 10:23Turning to the disciples privately, Jesus declares their eyes blessed for seeing what they are seeing — an intimate affirmation of the privilege of witnessing those events.
  24. Lucas 10:24Jesus recalls that many prophets and kings of the Old Testament longed to see and hear what the disciples are experiencing, without ever getting the chance — reinforcing just how unique that moment was in history.
  25. Lucas 10:25A lawyer stands up “tempting” Jesus, that is, testing Him with the question about eternal life — it is not a sincere search but a challenge, which already sets the stage for the parable that follows.
  26. Lucas 10:26Jesus turns the question back on the lawyer himself, asking him to answer based on Scripture — a common rabbinic teaching technique of the time.
  27. Lucas 10:27The answer joins two commandments from different books, Deuteronomy 6 and Leviticus 19, loving God and loving one’s neighbor — a combination already recognized as a summary of the law in Jewish circles of that time.
  28. Lucas 10:28Jesus confirms that the answer is right, but shifts the challenge from correct knowledge to practice: “this do, and thou shalt live.”
  29. Lucas 10:29The lawyer asks, “And who is my neighbour?” wanting to justify himself — the text makes clear his motive is to limit his own obligation, not to understand the command better.
  30. Lucas 10:30The road from Jerusalem to Jericho wound down through desert terrain full of bends and caves, known at the time as a dangerous route, in fact frequently robbed. Those hearing the parable were not picturing an abstract scene: it was a real road with a real reputation for danger.
  31. Lucas 10:31The priest passes far from the wounded man, possibly to avoid the ritual impurity of touching a body that appeared dead, which would have kept him from carrying out his duties at the temple.
  32. Lucas 10:32Touching a corpse, or even getting too close to someone who appeared dead, left a priest unclean and unable to serve at the temple for a time. This may explain, without excusing it, why the two men preferred to keep their distance from a fallen man who looked half dead — but Jesus tells the story precisely to expose this misplaced priority.
  33. Lucas 10:33The shock of the parable lies in making the hero a Samaritan of all people, a member of a group despised by Jews over ancient religious differences — and he is the one who feels true compassion.
  34. Lucas 10:34Oil and wine were common remedies of the time for treating wounds. The Samaritan gives up his own riding animal and personally cares for the man, a direct and costly involvement, not a gesture from a distance.
  35. Lucas 10:35Two denarii amounted to about two days’ common wages, enough to cover a good stretch of lodging at an inn in that region. The Samaritan does not make a symbolic gesture and walk away: he pays a real bill and even promises to cover whatever is still owed.
  36. Lucas 10:36Jesus reverses the lawyer’s original question: instead of asking who deserves to be considered a neighbor, He asks who acted like a neighbor — shifting the focus from limiting obligations to practicing mercy.
  37. Lucas 10:37The lawyer cannot even bring himself to say “the Samaritan” directly; he just describes what the man did — and Jesus closes by telling him to go and do the same, not merely to agree with the idea.
  38. Lucas 10:38Jesus enters a village and is welcomed by Martha into her own home — the start of a scene contrasting two different responses to His presence.
  39. Lucas 10:39Sitting at someone’s feet to listen was the formal posture of a disciple learning from a teacher — something reserved, in practice, for men. Mary takes this position as a student, and Jesus defends her choice against Martha’s protest, which was unusual in a household of that time.
  40. Lucas 10:40Martha, busy with the household tasks, complains that her sister left her to serve alone and asks Jesus to tell Mary to help.
  41. Lucas 10:41Jesus repeats her name twice, in a tone more affectionate than reproachful, noting that she is anxious and troubled about many things at once.
  42. Lucas 10:42Jesus contrasts Martha’s many worries with the one necessary thing Mary chose, sitting down to listen — and He validates that choice, unusual for a woman of the time, by saying it will not be taken from her.

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