Ezequiel 29

VBL · Chapter 29/48

1El duodécimo día del décimo mes del décimo año, me llegó un mensaje del Señor que decía:

2“Hijo de hombre, ponte de cara al Faraón, rey de Egipto, y profetiza contra él y contra todo Egipto.

3Dile que esto es lo que dice el Señor Dios:

4Voy a poner anzuelos en tus mandíbulas y haré que los peces de tu río se peguen a tus escamas. Te sacaré de tu río, y todos los peces se pegarán a tus escamas.

5Te arrojaré a ti y a los peces, dejándote en el desierto. Tu cuerpo caerá al suelo y quedará a la intemperie. No se recogerá ni se llevará para enterrarlo. Te dejaré como alimento para los animales salvajes y las aves de rapiña.

6Entonces todos en Egipto sabrán que yo soy el Señor. Cuando tuviste que enfrentarte al pueblo de Israel fuiste como un débil bastón hecho de una caña.

7Cuando Israel se agarró a ti, te partiste, dañando su hombro. Cuando se apoyaron en ti, te quebraste, poniendo sus espaldas en evidencia.

8Así que esto es lo que dice el Señor Dios: Te atacaré con una espada y mataré tanto a las personas como a los animales.

9Egipto se convertirá en un páramo vacío. Entonces sabrán que yo soy el Señor.

10por eso te condeno a ti y a tu río. Arruinaré a Egipto, convirtiéndolo en un páramo vacío desde Migdol, en el norte, hasta Asuán, en el sur, y hasta la frontera con Cus.

11Nadie, ni humano ni animal, viajará por ese camino ni vivirá allí durante cuarenta años.

12“Convertiré a Egipto en un páramo más que cualquier otro país, y sus ciudades quedarán en ruinas durante cuarenta años entre todas las demás ciudades en ruinas. Esparciré a los egipcios entre las diferentes naciones y países.

13“Sin embargo, esto es lo que dice el Señor Dios: Después de cuarenta años reuniré a los egipcios de los diferentes países donde fueron dispersados.

14Sacaré a Egipto del cautiverio y los llevaré de vuelta a la tierra de Patros, de donde vinieron originalmente. Su reino será insignificante.

15“Egipto será el más bajo de los reinos y no volverá a ser más importante que otras naciones. Derribaré a Egipto para que nunca más pueda gobernar sobre las naciones.

16El pueblo de Israel no volverá a confiar en Egipto, sino que se les recordará su pecado cuando acudieron a los egipcios en busca de ayuda. Entonces sabrán que yo soy el Señor Dios”.

17El primer día del primer mes del año veintisiete, me llegó un mensaje del Señor que decía:

18“Hijo de hombre, Nabucodonosor, rey de Babilonia, hizo trabajar mucho a su ejército en el asedio contra Tiro. A los soldados se les arrancó el pelo de la cabeza y se les pusieron los hombros en carne viva. Sin embargo, él y su ejército no obtuvieron ningún beneficio de Tiro por todo el trabajo que hicieron al atacarla.

19“Así que esto es lo que dice el Señor Dios: Voy a entregar Egipto a Nabucodonosor, rey de Babilonia, que se apoderará de todo lo valioso. Saqueará el país, robándolo para pagar a su ejército.

20Le voy a recompensar por todo su trabajo dándole Egipto porque el trabajo que hicieron fue para mí, declara el Señor Dios.

21“En ese momento le devolveré el poder al pueblo de Israel y yo te ayudaré a hablarles. Entonces sabrán que yo soy el Señor”.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

A series of prophecies against Egypt and Pharaoh begins, comparing him to a great crocodile of the Nile who proudly claims to have made the river himself; God promises forty years of desolation for Egypt.

Explanation

Pharaoh at that time (likely Hophra) had promised military support to Judah against Babylon, but that help would prove insufficient, as Jeremiah also warned (Jeremiah 37:5-10). The image of the 'great dragon' or crocodile who claims to have made his own Nile River captures the arrogance of taking credit for blessings that come from God's creation. The promise of Egypt's restoration after forty years, but as a 'lowly kingdom' that would never again dominate other nations, was historically fulfilled: Egypt never fully regained its former status as a regional superpower after that period.

Fun facts

  • The 'great dragon' of the river, in the original Hebrew, uses a word (tanniyn) that refers specifically to large aquatic creatures, almost certainly representing the Nile crocodile, a common symbol of pharaonic power in ancient Egypt.
  • The phrase 'the river is mine, and I have made it' directly echoes Egyptian royal titles that described Pharaoh as the divine controller of the Nile's annual floods, on which the country's entire agriculture depended.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Ezequiel 29:1A specific date (around 587 BC, shortly before Jerusalem’s fall) opens the series of oracles against Egypt, which will occupy chapters 29 through 32.
  2. Ezequiel 29:2The order to prophesy against Pharaoh and all Egypt — the great southern power from whom Judah hoped, without reason, for military help against Babylon.
  3. Ezequiel 29:3Calling Pharaoh ‘the great dragon that lieth in the midst of his rivers’ and putting hooks in his jaws is an image drawn from the crocodiles of the Nile, linking the Egyptian king to the most feared creature of the very river he claimed to own.
  4. Ezequiel 29:4‘Hooks in thy jaws’ on the ‘dragon’ (the Nile crocodile, a symbol of Pharaoh) describe his humiliating capture, as though the river itself were being used to fish him out.
  5. Ezequiel 29:5Pharaoh, compared to the crocodile, would be thrown into the wilderness without burial, becoming food for animals and birds — a fate with no honor at all.
  6. Ezequiel 29:6‘A staff of reed’ reappears as an image of fragile support: an alliance with Egypt would break in the hand of anyone who leaned on it, instead of truly holding them up.
  7. Ezequiel 29:7It details the damage caused by trusting in that broken support: instead of holding them up, it injured and left immobile anyone who tried to lean on it.
  8. Ezequiel 29:8An announcement of the sword against Egypt, destroying both people and animals — the same pattern of judgment already seen in the oracles against the other nations.
  9. Ezequiel 29:9Egypt would become a wasteland because of the same arrogance of Pharaoh, who claimed to be the owner and even the maker of the Nile itself.
  10. Ezequiel 29:10The predicted devastation stretches from Migdol in the north to Syene and the border of Ethiopia in the south — that is, the entire country, from end to end.
  11. Ezequiel 29:11The prediction of forty years of desolation followed by a return is a symbolic numerical structure, the same number as the wilderness crossing, used here to describe a period of temporary humiliation for Egypt before its partial recovery.
  12. Ezequiel 29:12Egypt would be left desolate, its people scattered among the nations for forty years — a long period of punishment, but, unlike Tyre, not a final one.
  13. Ezequiel 29:13Unlike what was said about Tyre, here comes a promise of return: after the forty years, the scattered Egyptians would be gathered again.
  14. Ezequiel 29:14Pathros was Upper Egypt, the southern region; the country would exist again, but as ‘a base kingdom’ — without the power and influence it once had.
  15. Ezequiel 29:15It reinforces that Egypt would never again dominate other nations — the end of its role as a regional great power, even after being restored.
  16. Ezequiel 29:16A direct reminder to Israel: stop trusting Egypt as an ally, since that misplaced trust had caused problems in the past.
  17. Ezequiel 29:17This passage is one of the most candid in the book: after the long siege of Tyre failed to reward the Babylonian army with enough plunder, the text says Egypt would be given to Nebuchadnezzar as a kind of payment for services rendered — a rare moment when the prophecy openly acknowledges that an earlier outcome did not turn out as announced.
  18. Ezequiel 29:18A real historical note: Nebuchadnezzar’s long siege of Tyre wore down the Babylonian army without bringing the expected plunder, because the city held out too long.
  19. Ezequiel 29:19As compensation for the effort against Tyre, Egypt is handed over for Babylon to plunder — tying the oracles against Tyre and against Egypt into a single historical logic.
  20. Ezequiel 29:20It repeats the idea from the previous verse: Egypt serves as ‘wages’ for the hard labor the Babylonian army performed during the siege of Tyre.
  21. Ezequiel 29:21The chapter’s final promise: in that same period, Israel would regain strength and Ezekiel would speak freely again — a theme that returns with greater force in chapter 33.

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