1 Reyes 5

VBL · Chapter 5/22

1Cuando Hiram, rey de Tiro, se enteró de que Salomón había sido ungido rey para suceder a su padre, envió embajadores a Salomón porque Hiram siempre había sido amigo de David.

2Salomón envió este mensaje a Hiram:

3“Como sabes, mi padre David no pudo construir un Templo para honrar al Señor su Dios debido a las guerras que se libraron contra él desde todas las direcciones, hasta que el Señor conquistó a sus enemigos.

4Pero ahora el Señor, mi Dios, me ha dado paz por todas partes: no hay enemigos ni suceden cosas malas.

5“Así que pienso construir un Templo para honrar al Señor, mi Dios, como el Señor le dijo a mi padre David. Le dijo: ‘Tu hijo, al que pondré en tu trono para que te suceda, construirá el Templo para honrarme’.

6Ordena, pues, que se corten algunos cedros del Líbano para mí. Mis obreros ayudarán a los tuyos, y yo les pagaré a los tuyos con la tarifa que tú decidas, pues sabes que no tenemos a nadie que sepa cortar madera como los sidonios”.

7Cuando Hiram escuchó el mensaje de Salomón, se alegró mucho y dijo: “¡Alabado sea hoy el Señor, porque le ha dado a David un hijo sabio para dirigir esta gran nación!”

8Hiram envió esta respuesta a Salomón:

9Mis obreros bajarán los troncos desde el Líbano hasta el mar, y los haré flotar en balsas por mar hasta donde tú decidas. Allí haré romper las balsas, y tú podrás llevarte los troncos. A cambio, me gustaría que me proporcionaras comida para mi casa”.

10Así que Hiram le proporcionó a Salomón toda la madera de cedro y ciprés que quiso,

11Salomón le dio a Hiram 20.000 coros de trigo para la comida y 20.000 coros de aceite de oliva para su casa. Salomón le proporcionaba esto a Hiram cada año.

12El Señor le dio a Salomón la sabiduría que le había prometido. Hiram y Salomón mantuvieron una buena relación e hicieron un tratado de paz entre ellos.

13El rey Salomón reclutó una fuerza de trabajo de 30.000 personas de todo Israel.

14Los enviaba en turnos de 10.000 cada mes al Líbano, de modo que estaban un mes en el Líbano y dos meses en casa, mientras Adoniram estaba a cargo de todo el personal que trabajaba en la obra.

15Salomón tenía 70.000 hombres para transportar piedras, y 80.000 canteros en la región montañosa,

16así como 3.300 capataces a quienes puso a cargo de los trabajadores.

17Siguiendo las órdenes del rey, extrajeron grandes bloques de piedra cuya producción era muy costosa, y colocaron estas piedras labradas como cimientos del Templo.

18Entonces los constructores de Salomón y de Hiram, junto con los hombres de Guebal, cortaron la piedra. Prepararon la madera y la piedra para construir el Templo.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Solomon forms an alliance with Hiram, king of Tyre, to obtain cedar wood and skilled craftsmen for building the temple. In exchange, he sends wheat and olive oil. Thousands of Israelite and foreign workers are recruited for the great project.

Explanation

This chapter shows the international diplomacy required for a project of such magnitude — the temple in Jerusalem was not built in isolation, but with the cooperation of neighboring nations and their resources and technical knowledge. The alliance with Tyre (a Phoenician city famous for seafaring and craftsmanship) demonstrates that major projects of faith often depend on practical partnerships and good diplomatic relations. It is also worth noting the high human cost: the forced labor conscription (mentioned as a 'levy') would become one of the grievances that later led to the kingdom's division.

Fun facts

  • Cedars of Lebanon were extremely prized in the ancient world for their durability and fragrance, used in temples and palaces by various civilizations of the ancient Near East, including Egypt.
  • The trade agreement between Solomon and Hiram — timber for food — is one of the first international trade treaties recorded in detail in the Bible.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Reyes 5:1Hiram, king of Tyre, sends envoys to Solomon as soon as he hears he has become king — because Hiram always had a good relationship with David, and the alliance naturally passes to the son.
  2. 1 Reyes 5:2Solomon replies to Hiram’s message with a proposal — the start of the negotiation to build the Temple.
  3. 1 Reyes 5:3Solomon explains that David could not build the house of God because he was always at war, until the Lord put his enemies under his feet.
  4. 1 Reyes 5:4Now, Solomon says, God has given rest on every side: no adversary, no threat — the right moment to finally build the Temple.
  5. 1 Reyes 5:5Solomon announces his intention to Hiram: to build the house of the Lord, fulfilling the promise God made to David that his son would raise up that Temple.
  6. 1 Reyes 5:6Israel had no good building timber or tradition of working with it; that is why Solomon negotiates with Hiram, the Phoenician king of Tyre, trading skilled labor and raw material for food. It is a typical commercial deal of the time between neighbors with different resources.
  7. 1 Reyes 5:7On hearing Solomon’s request, Hiram is glad and blesses God for having given David such a wise son to rule over that great people.
  8. 1 Reyes 5:8Hiram replies that he will provide everything Solomon asked for regarding cedar and cypress timber.
  9. 1 Reyes 5:9The practical deal: Hiram’s men will float the timber by sea in rafts to wherever Solomon indicates, and in exchange Solomon will supply food for Hiram’s household.
  10. 1 Reyes 5:10Hiram delivers to Solomon all the cedar and cypress timber he had requested — the commercial deal takes shape.
  11. 1 Reyes 5:11Payment to Hiram is made in wheat and oil, not money. It is a sign of an economy still based on trading goods, since minted currency would only appear in the region centuries later.
  12. 1 Reyes 5:12God gives Solomon the promised wisdom, and there is peace between him and Hiram: the two seal an alliance.
  13. 1 Reyes 5:13This levy of workers was forced labor in shifts: Israelites drafted to cut and haul timber in Lebanon, one month away from home and two at home. It is the same kind of demand that, expanded by Solomon’s son, will trigger the revolt that splits the kingdom in chapter 12.
  14. 1 Reyes 5:14Solomon sends the workers to Lebanon in shifts of ten thousand at a time: one month working there, two months at home, all under Adoniram’s supervision.
  15. 1 Reyes 5:15Besides that, Solomon had seventy thousand men carrying loads and eighty thousand cutting stone in the mountains — the scale of the Temple project was enormous.
  16. 1 Reyes 5:16Over all these workers, three thousand three hundred foremen gave the orders and coordinated the work.
  17. 1 Reyes 5:17The king ordered large, high-quality stones to be brought, already cut, to serve as the foundation of the house.
  18. 1 Reyes 5:18Solomon’s builders, Hiram’s builders, and the men of Gebal worked together preparing the timber and the stone to raise the Temple.

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