1 Reyes 10

VBL · Chapter 10/22

1Cuando la reina de Saba se enteró de la fama de Salomón, vino a Jerusalén para ponerlo a prueba con preguntas difíciles.

2Trajo consigo un séquito muy numeroso, con camellos cargados de especias, grandes cantidades de oro y piedras preciosas. Se acercó a Salomón y le preguntó todo lo que tenía en mente.

3Salomón respondió a todas sus preguntas. No había nada que no pudiera explicarle.

4Cuando la reina de Saba vio la sabiduría de Salomón y el palacio que había construido,

5la comida que había en la mesa, cómo vivían sus funcionarios, cómo funcionaban sus sirvientes y cómo estaban vestidos, la ropa de los camareros y los holocaustos que presentaba en el Templo del Señor, quedó tan asombrada que apenas podía respirar.

6Le dijo al rey: “¡Es cierto lo que he oído en mi país sobre tus proverbios y tu sabiduría!

7Pero no creí lo que me dijeron hasta que vine y lo vi con mis propios ojos. De hecho, no me contaron ni la mitad: ¡el alcance de tu sabiduría supera con creces lo que he oído!

8¡Qué feliz debe ser tu pueblo! ¡Qué felices los que trabajan para ti, los que están aquí cada día escuchando tu sabiduría!

9Alabado sea el Señor, tu Dios, que tanto se complace en ti, que te puso en su trono como rey para gobernar en su nombre. Por el amor de tu Dios a Israel los ha asegurado para siempre, y te ha hecho rey sobre ellos para que hagas lo justo y lo correcto”.

10Presentó al rey ciento veinte talentos de oro, enormes cantidades de especias y piedras preciosas. Nunca había habido especias como las que la reina de Saba le regaló al rey Salomón.

11(La flota de barcos de Hiram trajo oro de Ofir, y también llevó madera de sándalo y piedras preciosas.

12El rey utilizó la madera de sándalo para hacer escalones para el Templo y para el palacio real, y en liras y arpas para los músicos. Nunca se había visto nada igual en la tierra de Judá).

13El rey Salomón le dio a la reina de Saba todo lo que quiso, todo lo que pidió. Esto se sumó a los regalos habituales que le había dado generosamente. Luego, ella y sus acompañantes regresaron a su país.

14El peso del oro que Salomón recibía cada año era de 666 talentos,

15sin contar el que recibía de los comerciantes y mercaderes, y de todos los reyes de Arabia y gobernadores del país.

16El rey Salomón hizo doscientos escudos de oro martillado. Cada escudo requería seiscientos siclos de oro martillado.

17También hizo trescientos escudos pequeños de oro martillado. Cada uno de estos escudos requería tres minas de oro. El rey los colocó en el Palacio del Bosque del Líbano.

18El rey también hizo un gran trono de marfil y lo cubrió de oro puro.

19El trono tenía seis peldaños, con la parte superior redondeada en el respaldo. A ambos lados del asiento había reposabrazos, junto a los cuales había leones.

20En los seis escalones había doce leones, uno en los extremos opuestos de cada escalón. Nunca se había hecho nada parecido para ningún reino.

21Todas las copas del rey Salomón eran de oro, y todos los utensilios del Palacio del Bosque del Líbano eran de oro puro. No se usó plata, porque no era valorada en los días de Salomón.

22El rey tenía una flota de barcos de Tarsis tripulada por los marineros de Hiram. Una vez cada tres años los barcos de Tarsis llegaban con un cargamento de oro, plata, marfil, monos y pavos reales.

23El rey Salomón era más grande que cualquier otro rey de la tierra en riqueza y sabiduría.

24El mundo entero quería conocer a Salomón para escuchar la sabiduría que Dios había puesto en su mente.

25Año tras año, todos los visitantes traían regalos: objetos de plata y oro, ropa, armas, especias, caballos y mulas.

26Salomón acumuló 1.400 carros y 12.000 jinetes. Los tenía en las ciudades de los carros, y también con él en Jerusalén.

27El rey hizo que en Jerusalén abundara la plata como las piedras, y la madera de cedro como los sicómoros en las estribaciones.

28Los caballos de Salomón eran importados de Egipto y de Coa, que era donde los mercaderes reales los compraban.

29Un carro importado de Egipto costaba seiscientos siclos de plata, y un caballo ciento cincuenta. También los exportaban a todos los reyes hititas, y a los reyes arameos.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The Queen of Sheba visits Solomon to test his wisdom with difficult questions, and is deeply impressed by everything she sees. The chapter also describes Solomon's extraordinary wealth: gold, ivory, a magnificent throne, and international trade by sea.

Explanation

The visit of the Queen of Sheba (likely a region in southern Arabia or the northern Horn of Africa) shows how the fame of Solomon's wisdom crossed borders and cultures, drawing even foreign royalty willing to make a long journey to see it for themselves. Her final declaration, acknowledging God's blessing on Israel, is a rare testimony of a foreigner recognizing the sovereignty of the God of Israel. The wealth described here represents the absolute material peak of the united kingdom, but the chapter also plants seeds of future trouble with its mention of the growing fleet of horses and chariots — something the Mosaic law had warned kings to avoid (Deuteronomy 17:16).

Fun facts

  • Ethiopian tradition (recorded in the book Kebra Nagast) claims that the Queen of Sheba had a son with Solomon, Menelik I, who would become the ancestor of the Ethiopian royal dynasty — a legend with no direct biblical basis, but culturally very influential.
  • The ivory throne overlaid with pure gold, with six steps and twelve lions, had such a unique design that the text states 'nothing like it had ever been made for any kingdom.'

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Reyes 10:1Sheba was probably located in southern Arabia, or, by another theory, in the region of Ethiopia, along a spice caravan route. The queen’s visit is described as a royal mission to personally check Solomon’s reputation for wealth and wisdom before sealing any trade deal.
  2. 1 Reyes 10:2She arrives in Jerusalem with an enormous retinue, camels loaded with spices, a great deal of gold, and precious stones, and talks with Solomon about everything on her mind.
  3. 1 Reyes 10:3Solomon answers all her questions; nothing was too complicated for him to explain.
  4. 1 Reyes 10:4When she saw all of Solomon’s wisdom and the palace he had built.
  5. 1 Reyes 10:5She sees the food on the royal table, the officials seated in their places, the servants attending, their clothing, the cupbearers, and the sacrifices he offered at the Temple — and it takes her breath away.
  6. 1 Reyes 10:6She tells the king that the reports she heard in her own land about him and his wisdom were true.
  7. 1 Reyes 10:7She admits she didn’t believe it until she saw it with her own eyes — and what she had been told was only half of it; his wisdom and wealth exceed his reputation.
  8. 1 Reyes 10:8She calls Solomon’s men and servants fortunate, since they always stay close to him hearing his wisdom.
  9. 1 Reyes 10:9She blesses the LORD for delighting in Solomon and setting him on the throne of Israel — because God’s love for Israel made him king to carry out justice and righteousness.
  10. 1 Reyes 10:10She gives Solomon a hundred and twenty talents of gold, along with a huge quantity of spices and precious stones — never again did that much spice arrive at once.
  11. 1 Reyes 10:11Hiram’s ships also brought great quantities of sandalwood and precious stones from Ophir.
  12. 1 Reyes 10:12Solomon used that rare wood to make structures for the Temple and the palace, as well as harps and lyres for the singers — wood of that quality never appeared again.
  13. 1 Reyes 10:13Solomon gives the queen of Sheba everything she wished to ask for, beyond what he had already given out of his own generosity; then she returns to her land with her servants.
  14. 1 Reyes 10:14A talent weighed dozens of pounds, so this figure of six hundred sixty-six talents of gold per year is staggering. Again, it works more as a literary sign of maximum prosperity than as an exact, verifiable accounting.
  15. 1 Reyes 10:15Besides that fortune, revenue also came in from traders, merchants, all the kings of Arabia, and the governors of that region.
  16. 1 Reyes 10:16Solomon made two hundred large shields of hammered gold, using six hundred shekels of gold in each one.
  17. 1 Reyes 10:17He also made three hundred smaller shields of hammered gold, each with three minas of gold, and stored them all in the House of the Forest of Lebanon.
  18. 1 Reyes 10:18The king also made a great throne of ivory, overlaid with the purest gold.
  19. 1 Reyes 10:19The throne had six steps, a rounded top at the back, armrests on both sides of the seat, and two lions standing beside those armrests.
  20. 1 Reyes 10:20Twelve lions stood on the six steps, one on each side — a piece unmatched in any other kingdom of that time.
  21. 1 Reyes 10:21All of Solomon’s cups were gold, and so were all the vessels of the House of the Forest of Lebanon; silver was accounted as almost worthless in his days.
  22. 1 Reyes 10:22The king had a fleet of merchant ships at sea, alongside Hiram’s; every three years they returned bringing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.
  23. 1 Reyes 10:23So King Solomon surpassed all the kings of the earth, both in wealth and in wisdom.
  24. 1 Reyes 10:24People from all over the world sought Solomon’s presence just to hear the wisdom God had put in his heart.
  25. 1 Reyes 10:25Each visitor brought a gift — vessels of silver and gold, clothing, weapons, spices, horses, and mules — and this repeated year after year.
  26. 1 Reyes 10:26Buying horses and chariots from Egypt on a large scale directly contradicts an old instruction telling Israel’s king not to multiply horses from there. Read in hindsight, it’s a sign of the excess the next chapter will hold Solomon accountable for.
  27. 1 Reyes 10:27Solomon made silver as common in Jerusalem as stone, and cedar as plentiful as sycamore trees in the lowlands.
  28. 1 Reyes 10:28Solomon’s horses came from Egypt; the king’s traders bought them in droves at a fixed price.
  29. 1 Reyes 10:29A chariot imported from Egypt cost six hundred shekels of silver, and a horse a hundred fifty; through those same traders, they were also resold to the Hittite and Syrian kings.

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