1 Samuel 6

VBL · Chapter 6/31

1Después de que el Arca del Señor estuvo en el país de los filisteos durante siete meses,

2los filisteos convocaron a los sacerdotes y adivinos y les preguntaron: “¿Qué debemos hacer con el Arca del Señor? Explíquennos cómo devolverla al lugar de donde vino”.

3“Si van a enviar de vuelta el Arca del Dios de Israel, no la envíen con las manos vacías, sino asegúrense de enviar junto con ella un regalo de ofrenda por la culpa para él”, respondieron. “Entonces serán sanados y entenderán por qué los ha tratado así”.

4“¿Qué clase de ofrenda por la culpa debemos enviarle?” , preguntaron los filisteos. “Cinco objetos de oro en forma de tumor y cinco ratas de oro que representen el número de gobernantes de los filisteos”, respondieron. “La misma plaga los atacó a ustedes y a sus gobernantes.

5Haz modelos que representen tus hinchazones y las ratas que destruyen el país, y honra al Dios de Israel. Tal vez deje de castigarte a ti, a tus dioses y a tu tierra.

6¿Por qué ser tercos como los egipcios y el faraón? ¿Acaso cuando Dios los castigó no dejaron ir a los israelitas para seguir su camino?

7“Así que preparen un nuevo carro, tirado por dos vacas con crías y que nunca hayan sido uncidas. Aten las vacas al carro, pero quiten sus terneros y pónganlos en un establo.

8Recojan el Arca del Señor, pónganla en el carro y coloquen los objetos de oro que envían como ofrenda por la culpa en un cofre junto a ella. Luego envíen el Arca. Dejen que se vaya por donde quiera,

9pero no dejen de vigilarla. Si sube por el camino hacia su patria, hacia Bet-Semes, entonces es el Señor quien nos ha causado todo este terrible problema. Pero si no lo hace, entonces sabremos que no fue él quien nos castigó, sino que nos ocurrió por casualidad”.

10Entonces el pueblo lo hizo así. Tomaron dos vacas con crías y las ataron al carro, y guardaron sus terneros en un establo.

11Pusieron el Arca del Señor en el carro, junto con el cofre que contenía las ratas de oro y los modelos de sus hinchazones.

12Las vacas subieron en línea recta por el camino de Bet-Semes, mugiendo mientras avanzaban, yendo directamente por el camino principal y sin girar ni a la izquierda ni a la derecha. Los jefes filisteos las siguieron hasta la frontera de Bet-Semes.

13Los habitantes de Bet-semes estaban cosechando trigo en el valle. Cuando levantaron la vista y vieron el Arca, se alegraron mucho de verla.

14El carro entró en el campo de Josué de Bet-semes y se detuvo allí junto a una gran roca. El pueblo cortó la madera del carro y sacrificaron las vacas como holocausto al Señor.

15Los levitas bajaron el Arca del Señor y el cofre que contenía los objetos de oro, y los pusieron sobre la gran roca. El pueblo de Bet-semes presentó holocaustos e hizo sacrificios al Señor ese día.

16Los cinco jefes filisteos vieron todo lo que sucedió y regresaron a Ecrón ese mismo día.

17Los cinco modelos de oro de las hinchadas enviados por los filisteos como ofrenda de culpa al Señor eran de los gobernantes de Asdod, Gaza, Ascalón, Gat y Ecrón.

18Las ratas de oro representaban el número de ciudades filisteas de los cinco gobernantes: las ciudades fortificadas y sus aldeas circundantes. La gran roca sobre la que colocaron el Arca del Señor sigue en pie hasta el día de hoy en el campo de Josué de Bet-semes como testigo de lo que allí ocurrió.

19Pero Dios mató a algunos de los habitantes de Bet-semes porque revisaron el interior del Arca del Señor. Mató a setenta, y el pueblo se lamentó profundamente porque el Señor había matado a tantos.

20El pueblo de Bet-semes preguntó: “¿Quién puede estar frente al Señor, este Dios santo? ¿Adónde debe ir el Arca de aquí en adelante?”

21Entonces enviaron mensajeros al pueblo de Quiriat-jearim para decirles: “Los filisteos han devuelto el Arca del Señor. Desciendan y llévensela a casa”.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

After seven months of plagues, the Philistines decide to return the ark to Israel with offerings of gold as a guilt offering, testing whether the cows pulling the cart would go on their own toward Israel—which is what happened.

Explanation

The test devised by the Philistine priests and diviners—using cows with newborn calves, going against their maternal instinct to stay near their young, to see if they would head toward Israel on their own—was an attempt to determine, within the knowledge of the time, whether the plagues were truly caused by the God of Israel or were mere coincidence. The fact that the cows went straight ahead, lowing (against their nature), all the way to Beth-shemesh convinced even the pagan Philistines themselves of the power of the Hebrew God. The death of the men of Beth-shemesh for looking inside the ark (v.19) reinforces that even the people of Israel, upon recovering the sacred object, needed to treat it with fear and reverence, not with profane curiosity.

Fun facts

  • The gold offerings shaped like tumors and mice (v.4-5) followed an ancient practice sometimes called 'votive homeopathic magic,' in which replicas of the problem were offered to the offended god as a way of asking for healing—a practice documented in various ancient Mediterranean cultures.
  • The number of dead at Beth-shemesh (v.19) varies among ancient manuscripts, with some Hebrew texts preserving the exact number as 'seventy men, fifty thousand men,' a textual problem that scholars attribute to a copying error over the centuries of transmission.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Samuel 6:1Seven months of repeated plagues, city after city, is how long it takes the Philistines to finally decide to return the ark — it was not a quick decision.
  2. 1 Samuel 6:2Priests and diviners were the religious experts consulted in this kind of crisis — the same kind of adviser also appears in the Egyptian court in stories like Joseph’s.
  3. 1 Samuel 6:3Sending an offering along with the ark, instead of returning it empty, reflects a common ancient logic: appeasing the offended god with a gift, the way one makes peace with someone wronged.
  4. 1 Samuel 6:4Five golden replicas for each of the five Philistine lords, representing the five main cities, shows that the guilt was seen as collective, belonging to the whole Philistine nation, not just the city that suffered first.
  5. 1 Samuel 6:5Making gold images of their own sores and of the mice ravaging the land was a common ancient practice called imitative magic: representing the harm in order to symbolically hand it back to the god responsible and obtain healing.
  6. 1 Samuel 6:6The Philistine diviners themselves cite the story of the Exodus as a warning: hardening one’s heart against this God, as Pharaoh did, only prolongs the suffering without changing the final outcome.
  7. 1 Samuel 6:7Using cows that had never been placed under a yoke and forcibly separating them from their calves was the perfect test: animal instinct would drive those cows to return and nurse, not head off alone down a strange road. If they went straight to Israel pulling the cart, only God could be guiding them.
  8. 1 Samuel 6:8The detailed plan here sets up the test in the next verse: placing the ark and the offering on a cart pulled by cows with no human driver, to see whether they go on their own all the way to Israel.
  9. 1 Samuel 6:9The test with the cows was designed to eliminate any doubt: only divine intervention could explain cows just separated from their calves choosing, on their own, the right road into Israelite territory.
  10. 1 Samuel 6:10The Philistines carry out exactly the test agreed on — separating the cows from their own calves was the hardest part, since animal instinct would pull them back home.
  11. 1 Samuel 6:11The gold replicas of the mice and the sores went along with the ark as the symbolic payment of guilt agreed on at the start of the chapter.
  12. 1 Samuel 6:12The cows keep “lowing” — a sign of distress at being separated from their own calves — but even so they go straight to Beth-shemesh without turning aside: exactly the outcome that would prove, beyond doubt, the hand of God behind it.
  13. 1 Samuel 6:13The harvest scene, an everyday and peaceful task, is interrupted by the unexpected arrival of the ark — the contrast between the routine of the field and the supernatural event heightens the surprise.
  14. 1 Samuel 6:14Using the cart’s own wood as firewood for the sacrifice, and the cows that pulled it as the offering, was a practical and symbolic way of consuming everything that had touched the ark on its journey back.
  15. 1 Samuel 6:15It is the Levites, not just any local resident, who handle the ark here — a care that contrasts with the disaster at the end of the chapter, when ordinary people look inside it without that same reverence.
  16. 1 Samuel 6:16The Philistine lords personally witness the outcome of the test before heading home — proof that there had been no trickery or coincidence mattered enough to them to see it with their own eyes.
  17. 1 Samuel 6:17The list names the five main cities of the Philistine confederation — the same group that appears repeatedly in the Old Testament as the core of Philistine territory.
  18. 1 Samuel 6:18Mentioning that the stone “remaineth unto this day” is another example of the narrator anchoring the story to a physical landmark that readers of his own time could still visit.
  19. 1 Samuel 6:19Fifty thousand and seventy men killed for looking inside the ark is a huge number for a small town like Beth-shemesh — many translators and scholars think it is an ancient copying error and that the original number was only seventy. Either way, the episode shows the ark as something dangerous to treat with too much familiarity.
  20. 1 Samuel 6:20After the shock of mass death, the question from the people of Beth-shemesh is sincere: they recognize that the ark is too holy to keep nearby without risk, and they are already looking for where to send it.
  21. 1 Samuel 6:21Kirjath-jearim will guard the ark for the next twenty years, counted at the start of chapter 7, until David finally brings it to Jerusalem much later in 2 Samuel.

Chapters

Our apps

Our apps →

Bible in Stories

The Bible told as a story, with audio and videos.

📱 Get the app

World in Stories

True stories of humanity that sound made up.

Feito! Pequenas Vitórias

A light daily routine for people who lose track of the day.