1 Samuel 26

VBL · Chapter 26/31

1El pueblo de Zif fue a ver a Saúl a Guibeá y le dijeron: “David se esconde en la colina de Haquilá, frente a los páramos”.

2Así que Saúl se dirigió al desierto de Zif junto con tres mil hombres de Israel especialmente escogidos para buscar a David allí.

3Saúl acampó junto al camino en la colina de Haquilá, frente a los páramos, cerca de donde David vivía en el desierto. Cuando se dio cuenta de que Saúl había ido a buscarlo allí,

4envió espías y descubrió que Saúl había llegado definitivamente.

5Una noche, David se levantó y fue al campamento de Saúl y vio dónde dormía éste, junto con Abner, hijo de Ner, el comandante del ejército. Saúl estaba acostado en medio del campamento, con sus hombres a su alrededor.

6David les preguntó a Ahimelec el hitita y a Abisai, hijo de Sarvia, hermano de Joab: “¿Quién quiere acompañarme al campamento a ver a Saúl?”

7Así que David y Abisai fueron al campamento del ejército por la noche. Saúl estaba durmiendo en el campamento con su lanza clavada en el suelo junto a su cabeza, y Abner y sus hombres dormían a su alrededor.

8Abisai le dijo a David: “Dios te ha entregado hoy a tu enemigo. Así que, por favor, déjame clavarle la lanza en el suelo de una sola vez. No necesitaré hacerlo dos veces”.

9Pero David le dijo a Abisai: “¡No, no lo mates! ¿Quién puede atacar al ungido del Señor y no ser culpable de un crimen?

10Vive el Señor, el Señor mismo lo matará. O le llegará su hora y morirá, o irá a la batalla y lo matarán.

11Que el Señor me impida atacar al ungido del Señor. Recoge la lanza y el cántaro de agua junto a su cabeza, y vámonos”.

12David tomó la lanza y la jarra de agua junto a la cabeza de Saúl, y se fueron. Nadie vio nada; nadie supo lo que había pasado; nadie se despertó. Todos se quedaron dormidos, porque el Señor los había hecho caer en un profundo sueño.

13Entonces David volvió al otro lado, y se situó en la cima de la colina, lo suficientemente lejos -había una distancia considerable entre ellos.

14Gritó al ejército y a Abner, hijo de Ner: “¿No vas a responderme, Abner?” .

15David llamó a Abner: “¿No estás destinado a ser ese gran hombre? ¿Hay alguien en Israel que sea mejor que tú? ¿Por qué no protegiste a tu amo el rey cuando alguien vino a matarlo?

16No has hecho nada bien. Vive el Señor, que todos ustedes merecen morir, porque no protegieron a su amo, el ungido del Señor. Miren a su alrededor. ¿Dónde están la lanza y el cántaro del rey que estaban junto a su cabeza?”

17Saúl reconoció la voz de David y preguntó: “¿Eres tú quien habla, David, hijo mío?”

18“¿Por qué me persigue mi señor, su siervo? ¿Qué es lo que he hecho? ¿De qué crimen soy culpable?” , continuó.

19“Por favor, escúchame, mi señor y rey. Si el Señor se ha enfadado conmigo, que se alegre de aceptar una ofrenda. Pero si son los hombres los que lo han hecho, ¡que sean malditos ante el Señor! Durante todo este tiempo me han expulsado de vivir entre el pueblo elegido por Dios, diciéndome: ‘Vete y adora a otros dioses’.

20Por favor, no me dejes morir tan lejos de la presencia del Señor. El rey de Israel ha venido a perseguir una pequeña pulga, cazándome como quien caza una perdiz en el monte”.

21“He hecho mal”, respondió Saúl, “vuelve, David, hijo mío. No volveré a intentar hacerte daño, porque hoy me has valorado y me has perdonado la vida. ¡He sido tan estúpido! He cometido un gran error”.

22“Tengo aquí la lanza del rey”, dijo David. “Envía a uno de tus hombres a recogerla.

23El Señor recompensa a todos los que hacen lo correcto y son fieles. El Señor me ha entregado hoy a ti, pero me he negado a dañar al ungido del Señor.

24De la misma manera que hoy he valorado tu vida, que el Señor valore la mía y me rescate de todos mis problemas”.

25Saúl entonces le dijo a David: “Que seas bendecido, David, hijo mío. Lograrás muchas cosas y siempre tendrás éxito”. Y David se fue, y Saúl volvió a su casa.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Once again with the chance to kill Saul as he sleeps unprotected in the camp, David again refuses, taking only the spear and water jug as proof. Saul publicly acknowledges his wrongdoing, but David no longer trusts his words.

Explanation

This second, almost identical opportunity to kill Saul — this time in the military camp itself rather than a cave — reinforces through deliberate repetition David's central principle: refusing to take personal vengeance against the Lord's anointed, even when it would be easily justifiable and advantageous. The supernatural deep sleep that falls over Saul's entire camp, allowing David to come and go undetected, is explicitly attributed to the Lord himself (v.12), showing direct divine intervention protecting both David (by giving him the opportunity) and Saul (by keeping him from being killed). Despite Saul's verbal acknowledgment that he had acted foolishly, the repetition of this pattern — Saul pursuing, David sparing, Saul temporarily repenting — already shows David that words of repentance without real change in behavior offer no lasting security.

Fun facts

  • David's comparison of himself to 'a flea' and 'a partridge in the mountains' (v.20), whom Saul was pursuing, rhetorically emphasizes the disproportion between the real power of a king with an army and the truly small threat David actually posed.
  • This episode is so similar to the one in chapter 24 that some biblical scholars debate whether they are two distinct events or two narrative traditions of the same event, although the text clearly presents them as separate occasions.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Samuel 26:1The same Ziphites who had already betrayed David in chapter 23 repeat the same tip-off — showing their loyalty to Saul, or their fear of him, remained firm even after all this time.
  2. 1 Samuel 26:2The exact figure of three thousand soldiers repeats the same scale of military mobilization already used in chapter 24 — Saul had not scaled back this personal manhunt at all.
  3. 1 Samuel 26:3David is able to watch Saul’s approach from a safe distance, buying enough time to plan instead of reacting in haste.
  4. 1 Samuel 26:4Maintaining his own spy network shows how much David’s military organization had matured during his years on the run — he no longer relied on luck alone to stay ahead of Saul.
  5. 1 Samuel 26:5David risks approaching the enemy camp himself for a firsthand look — a calculated risk that sets up the bold raid the following night.
  6. 1 Samuel 26:6Ahimelech the Hittite is one of several foreigners who appear serving loyally under David — a pattern repeated throughout his military career, which drew warriors from many backgrounds.
  7. 1 Samuel 26:7The spear stuck in the ground by Saul’s head was probably a symbol of royal authority, always kept close at hand — a detail David will later use as irrefutable proof of how near he came.
  8. 1 Samuel 26:8Abishai proposes killing Saul with one sure strike, so confident in the opportunity that he promises he will not even need a second blow — the same temptation David’s men had already raised in the cave of chapter 24.
  9. 1 Samuel 26:9David repeats the same absolute principle from the cave episode: Saul’s anointing makes him untouchable, regardless of any practical justification for killing him.
  10. 1 Samuel 26:10David trusts that Saul’s death will come by natural means or by God’s own hand at the right time — refusing to speed up that process himself.
  11. 1 Samuel 26:11Instead of killing Saul, David decides to take only two symbolic objects — undeniable physical proof that he had full access to the sleeping king without causing him any harm.
  12. 1 Samuel 26:12The text says that “a deep sleep from the Lord” fell on Saul’s camp at the exact moment David needed to slip in and out unseen — crediting God, not luck or the soldiers’ fatigue, with the fact that no one woke up.
  13. 1 Samuel 26:13Putting a safe distance between himself and the camp before revealing his presence was essential: David needed to be out of reach of any immediate armed response.
  14. 1 Samuel 26:14David’s shout is aimed directly at Abner, the military commander responsible for Saul’s security — a calculated jab meant to expose his failure to keep watch.
  15. 1 Samuel 26:15David publicly accuses Abner of serious negligence — Israel’s most respected commander left his own king vulnerable to an assassination that only failed to happen because David chose not to act.
  16. 1 Samuel 26:16David turns the physical evidence, the missing spear and water jug, into the most damning possible proof of the security failure, exposing Abner before the whole camp.
  17. 1 Samuel 26:17Saul’s instant recognition of David’s voice nearly repeats the scene from chapter 24 — the cycle of chasing and temporary reconciliation had by now become almost ritual between the two men.
  18. 1 Samuel 26:18David repeats the same rhetorical question from the earlier cave encounter — underlining that, despite all the time that had passed, nothing had changed about the basic injustice of the chase.
  19. 1 Samuel 26:19Being driven out of the land of Israel was understood, at the time, as almost being driven out of the Lord’s own reach — hence David saying that if men, not God, pushed him out, it would be as if they sent him to “serve other gods,” since every land, in the ancient mindset, had a god tied to it.
  20. 1 Samuel 26:20The same images of insignificance, a flea, a partridge hunted in the mountains, already used in chapter 24 reappear here, underscoring how disproportionate David considered the manhunt against him.
  21. 1 Samuel 26:21Saul’s confession here is even more direct than in chapter 24 — but the story has already taught the reader, and David, that this verbal repentance did not mean any lasting change in behavior.
  22. 1 Samuel 26:22Formally returning the spear through an intermediary keeps the safe distance David had established, avoiding any risky approach even after the verbal reconciliation.
  23. 1 Samuel 26:23David closes by appealing once more to God’s justice as the final arbiter, refusing to claim any credit for himself beyond having honored the principle of the sacred anointing.
  24. 1 Samuel 26:24David trades the assurance he gave Saul for a personal request: that God treat his own life with the same care he showed in sparing the king’s life.
  25. 1 Samuel 26:25This is the last direct interaction recorded between Saul and David in the whole book — after this meeting, the two never see each other in person again before Saul’s death.

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