1 Samuel 5

VBL · Chapter 5/31

1Después de que los filisteos capturaron el Arca de Dios, la llevaron de Ebenezer a Asdod.

2Llevaron el Arca de Dios al Templo de Dagón y la colocaron junto a Dagón.

3Cuando el pueblo de Asdod se levantó temprano al día siguiente, vio que Dagón había caído de bruces frente al Arca del Señor. Así que tomaron a Dagón y lo volvieron a colocar.

4Cuando se levantaron temprano a la mañana siguiente, vieron que Dagón había caído de bruces frente al Arca del Señor, con la cabeza y las manos rotas, tirado en el umbral. Sólo su cuerpo permanecía intacto.

5(Por eso los sacerdotes de Dagón, y todos los que entran en el templo de Dagón en Asdod, no pisan el umbral, ni siquiera hasta ahora).

6El Señor castigó a los habitantes de Asdod y sus alrededores, devastándolos y plagándolos de hinchazones.

7Cuando los habitantes de Asdod vieron lo que sucedía, dijeron: “No podemos dejar que el Arca del Dios de Israel se quede aquí con nosotros, porque nos está castigando a nosotros y a Dagón, nuestro dios”.

8Así que mandaron llamar a todos los gobernantes filisteos y les preguntaron: “¿Qué debemos hacer con el Arca del Dios de Israel?”

9Pero una vez que trasladaron el Arca a Gat, el Señor también actuó contra esa ciudad, sumiéndola en una gran confusión y atacando a la gente de la ciudad, jóvenes y ancianos, con una plaga de hinchazones.

10Entonces enviaron el Arca de Dios a Ecrón, pero en cuanto llegó, los dirigentes de Ecrón gritaron: “¡Han trasladado aquí el Arca del Dios de Israel para matarnos a nosotros y a nuestro pueblo!”

11Así que mandaron llamar a todos los gobernantes filisteos y les dijeron: “Que el Arca del Dios de Israel se vaya, vuelva al lugar de donde vino, porque si no nos va a matar a nosotros y a nuestro pueblo”. La gente moría en toda la ciudad, creando un pánico terrible, pues el castigo de Dios era muy duro.

12Los que no morían estaban plagados de hinchazones, y el grito de auxilio del pueblo llegaba hasta el cielo.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The Philistines place the captured ark in the temple of their god Dagon in Ashdod. Dagon's statue falls and breaks before the ark, and outbreaks of tumors afflict the Philistine cities through which the ark passes.

Explanation

The repeated falling of Dagon's statue, culminating in its head and hands breaking off on the threshold, was a clear public humiliation of the Philistine god before the God of Israel, even on enemy territory and with no Israelite army present to claim the victory. The plagues that followed the ark from city to city among the Philistines (Ashdod, Gath, Ekron) show that God's power did not depend on Israel's military strength—he acted directly to defend his own honor, even while his people were defeated and had no control over the ark. This episode teaches that God does not need our victory to prove his power; he can act independently of human circumstances.

Fun facts

  • The custom mentioned, that Dagon's priests would not step on the threshold of the temple in Ashdod 'to this day' (v.5), suggests the biblical author was writing some time after the event, yet at a time when this custom was still observed and known.
  • Dagon was a deity worshiped throughout the region of Mesopotamia and Canaan, traditionally associated with agriculture and grain—not, as a mistaken popular tradition suggests, a fish-god.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Samuel 5:1Ashdod was one of the five great Philistine cities and home to an important temple dedicated to Dagon — it is no accident that this is where the captured ark is taken first, as a trophy of war.
  2. 1 Samuel 5:2Placing the ark “stood beside” the statue of Dagon was a common gesture in antiquity: the victorious god stood next to the defeated god, as a symbol of the enemy’s religious submission.
  3. 1 Samuel 5:3Finding their own statue fallen face down before the ark of the enemy god was humiliation enough — but the priests still try to reverse the scene, setting the idol back up as if nothing had happened.
  4. 1 Samuel 5:4Dagon was the chief god of the Philistines; finding him fallen and then shattered before the ark, with only his trunk left standing, was a public humiliation of the rival god. That is how the custom arose of not even stepping on the threshold of his temple in Ashdod.
  5. 1 Samuel 5:5“Unto this day” is a formula the narrator uses to explain the origin of a custom still alive in his own time — a common device in the Old Testament for linking present-day traditions to events of the past.
  6. 1 Samuel 5:6The “emerods” mentioned here and in the next chapters were probably painful tumors or swellings — many scholars, because of the mention of mice in the next chapter, link the plague to a rodent-borne epidemic, a kind of ancient pestilence.
  7. 1 Samuel 5:7The Philistines themselves recognize a double defeat: not only do the people of Ashdod suffer physically, but the god Dagon himself has already been humiliated — the ark needs to leave before things get even worse.
  8. 1 Samuel 5:8Instead of returning the ark to Israel right away, the Philistines first try relocating it to another of their own cities — only after the disaster repeats in Gath and Ekron do they consider giving it back for good.
  9. 1 Samuel 5:9The plague in Gath strikes everyone, from the humblest to the most important in the city — showing this was not an isolated stroke of bad luck but a pattern that followed the ark wherever it went.
  10. 1 Samuel 5:10The people of Ekron already know, from the news out of Ashdod and Gath, what the arrival of the ark tends to bring — so they protest immediately, even before any plague begins there.
  11. 1 Samuel 5:11The request is now unanimous among the five Philistine cities: the ark must go back to Israel, the only way to stop the disaster that kept repeating city after city.
  12. 1 Samuel 5:12The chapter’s final image is one of widespread suffering — the cry of the city “went up to heaven,” describing the intensity of the collective pain caused by the plague.

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