1 Samuel 10

VBL · Chapter 10/31

1Entonces Samuel tomó un frasco de aceite de oliva y lo derramó sobre la cabeza de Saúl, y lo besó diciendo: “El Señor te ha ungido como gobernante de su pueblo elegido.

2Cuando me dejes hoy, te encontrarás con dos hombres cerca de la tumba de Raquel en Selsa, en la frontera del territorio de Benjamín. Te dirán que han encontrado los burros que fuiste a buscar.

3“Saldrás de allí y seguirás hasta la encina de Tabor, donde te encontrarás con tres hombres que van a adorar a Dios en Betel. Uno llevará tres cabritos, otro llevará tres panes y otro llevará un odre de vino.

4Te saludarán y te darán dos panes que deberás tomar.

5“A continuación llegarás a Guibeá de Dios, donde los filisteos tienen una guarnición. Al entrar en la ciudad, te encontrarás con una procesión de profetas que desciende del lugar alto, tocando arpas, panderetas, flautas y liras, y estarán profetizando.

6Entonces el Espíritu del Señor vendrá sobre ti con poder. Profetizarás con ellos, y te convertirás en un hombre diferente.

7Después de que hayan ocurrido estas señales, haz lo que tengas que hacer, porque Dios está contigo.

8Luego ve delante de mí a Gilgal. Te aseguro que iré y me reuniré contigo para presentar holocaustos y ofrendas de paz. Espera allí siete días hasta que yo vaya a verte y te haga saber lo que debes hacer”.

9En el momento mismo que Saúl se volvió y dejó a Samuel, Dios le dio a Saúl una forma de pensar diferente, y todas las señales se cumplieron aquel día.

10Cuando Saúl y su criado llegaron a Guibeá, había una procesión de profetas que salía a su encuentro. Y el Espíritu de Dios vino sobre Saúl con poder, y él también comenzó a profetizar con ellos.

11Todos los que conocían a Saúl y lo veían profetizar con los profetas se decían: “¿Qué pasa con el hijo de Cis? ¿Acaso Saúl es también uno de los profetas?”

12Un hombre que vivía allí respondió: “¿Pero quién es su padre?” Así que se convirtió en un dicho: “¿Es Saúl también uno de los profetas?”

13Cuando Saúl terminó de profetizar, fue al lugar alto de adoración.

14El tío de Saúl le preguntó a éste y a su criado: “¿Dónde estaban?”

15“Por favor, díganme qué les dijo”, preguntó el tío de Saúl.

16“Nos aseguró que los burros habían sido encontrados”, respondió Saúl. Pero Saúl no le dijo a su tío lo que Samuel le había dicho que sería rey.

17Entonces Samuel convocó al pueblo de Israel a presentarse ante el Señor en Mizpa.

18Y les dijo a los israelitas: “Esto es lo que dice el Señor, el Dios de Israel: Yo saqué a Israel de Egipto y los salvé de los egipcios y de todos los reinos que los oprimían.

19Pero ahora ustedes han rechazado a su Dios, el que los salva de todos sus problemas y aflicciones. Y le han dicho: ‘Tienes que nombrar un rey que nos gobierne’. Así que ahora preséntense ante el Señor por tribus y grupos familiares”.

20Entonces Samuel hizo que todo Israel se presentara por tribus, y la tribu de Benjamín fue elegida por sorteo.

21Luego hizo que la tribu de Benjamín se presentara por sus grupos familiares, y fue elegido el grupo familiar de Matri. Por último, se eligió a Saúl, hijo de Cis. Pero cuando lo buscaron, no lo encontraron.

22Y le preguntaron al Señor: “¿Ya está aquí?” .

23Así que corrieron y trajeron a Saúl. Cuando se puso de pie entre la gente, era más alto que los demás.

24Samuel les dijo a todos: “¿Ven al que el Señor ha elegido? No hay nadie como él en ninguna parte”.

25Entonces Samuel le explicó al pueblo todo lo que haría un rey. Lo escribió en un pergamino y lo puso ante el Señor. Luego Samuel los envió a todos a casa.

26Saúl también regresó a su casa en Guibeá, acompañado de los guerreros a quienes Dios había convencido para que lo ayudaran.

27Pero algunos hombres odiosos preguntaron: “¿Cómo podría salvarnos este hombre?” . Lo odiaron y no le trajeron ningún regalo; pero Saúl no tomó represalias.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Samuel privately anoints Saul as king over Israel, giving him confirming signs that come to pass exactly as foretold. Publicly, by lot, Saul is chosen before all the people, though he is found hiding among the baggage.

Explanation

Saul's private anointing by Samuel, followed by specific, verifiable signs (meeting certain men, receiving loaves of bread, prophesying with a group of prophets), served to confirm to Saul, in a personal and unmistakable way, that his choice was genuinely from God, not merely political. The fact that Saul hid 'among the baggage' at the moment he was to be publicly proclaimed king suggests a genuine hesitation or shyness in the face of the enormous responsibility, a trait of humble reluctance that contrasts with the pride he would develop later in his reign. The expression that became proverbial, 'Is Saul also among the prophets?', shows how Saul's sudden transformation surprised even those who had known him since childhood.

Fun facts

  • The 'hill of God' mentioned (v.5) probably refers to Gibeah, Saul's hometown, which had a Philistine garrison—showing that even before becoming king, Saul lived under partial foreign occupation.
  • The expression 'Is Saul also among the prophets?' would become a recurring proverb in Israel, repeated again later in chapter 19 under very different and more desperate circumstances.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Samuel 10:1Pouring oil on someone’s head was the formal rite that made a person anointed — hence the very title messiah (anointed one) that would later apply to David’s royal descendants and, in Christian tradition, to Jesus.
  2. 1 Samuel 10:2Samuel gives Saul a first verifiable, short-term sign — two specific men, in a specific place, saying something specific — so that he can gradually confirm that everything Samuel said is trustworthy.
  3. 1 Samuel 10:3The second sign is also very detailed: three men, with specific items, heading to Bethel for a sacrifice — another concrete confirmation before the final and most dramatic sign.
  4. 1 Samuel 10:4Receiving bread from strangers, though a small gesture, was also part of the agreed sign — each detail that came true reinforced Saul’s confidence in Samuel’s word.
  5. 1 Samuel 10:5Having a Philistine garrison inside Israel’s own territory shows how far foreign oppression had advanced — it is there, under enemy control, that Saul will receive the most striking sign.
  6. 1 Samuel 10:6Bands of prophets who came down playing instruments and fell into prophetic ecstasy were a known phenomenon in the ancient Near East; here the Spirit of the Lord takes hold of Saul in a similar way, visibly changing his behavior in front of everyone.
  7. 1 Samuel 10:7After confirming the signs, Samuel gives Saul freedom to act — “do as occasion serve thee” is a way of saying he can act on his own initiative, knowing God will be with him.
  8. 1 Samuel 10:8This instruction to wait at Gilgal seems secondary here, but it becomes crucial again, and the cause of a serious mistake by Saul, in chapter 13.
  9. 1 Samuel 10:9“God gave him another heart” describes a real inner transformation, not just a passing behavior — Saul leaves that meeting with Samuel a literally different man.
  10. 1 Samuel 10:10The first of the signs Samuel announced comes true exactly as promised — Saul falls into prophetic ecstasy in front of everyone, public and visible proof of the change God worked in him.
  11. 1 Samuel 10:11The people’s astonished question shows how shocking this change was to anyone who knew Saul before — no one expected this kind of behavior from him.
  12. 1 Samuel 10:12The people’s astonishment at seeing Saul seized by the same trance as the prophets became a popular saying about being “among the prophets” — it comes up again later, in chapter 19, when the same scene happens a second time.
  13. 1 Samuel 10:13After the prophetic episode, Saul returns to the normal road, going up to the sacrifice site, as if nothing unusual had happened that day.
  14. 1 Samuel 10:14Saul tells his uncle only the part of the story about the lost donkeys — deliberately leaving out, as the next verse confirms, the most important part of the conversation.
  15. 1 Samuel 10:15Saul’s uncle’s curiosity about the visit to Samuel shows that this kind of consultation with a recognized seer was seen as noteworthy news within the family.
  16. 1 Samuel 10:16Keeping the anointing secret, even from a close relative, shows Saul’s discretion — or perhaps his uncertainty about how to reveal something so momentous before the right time.
  17. 1 Samuel 10:17After the private anointing in the previous chapter, Samuel now organizes a public ceremony at Mizpeh to officially reveal who has been chosen as king.
  18. 1 Samuel 10:18Samuel opens the ceremony by recalling God’s history of delivering Israel without needing a human king — an introduction that already sets up the criticism in the next verse.
  19. 1 Samuel 10:19Even after already granting the request, Samuel still makes sure to state publicly that asking for a king was, at its core, a way of rejecting God as direct ruler.
  20. 1 Samuel 10:20The selection process uses lot casting, probably by Urim and Thummim, narrowing from tribe to family and then to person — a method seen as a direct revelation of God’s will.
  21. 1 Samuel 10:21Ironically, at the decisive moment of the public selection, the very man chosen is missing — without knowing it, Saul hides himself right as the lot falls on his name.
  22. 1 Samuel 10:22Consulting God again, now about Saul’s whereabouts, shows the selection process kept being guided by direct revelation, step by step, until the hidden chosen one was found.
  23. 1 Samuel 10:23Saul’s height, already mentioned in his introduction in chapter 9, is highlighted again here as the first thing the people saw when they found him hiding among the baggage.
  24. 1 Samuel 10:24“God save the king” is the first time this acclamation appears in the Hebrew Bible — a shout that would become the standard formula for popular recognition of kings from then on.
  25. 1 Samuel 10:25Recording in writing “the manner of the kingdom” and laying it up before the Lord suggests a formal document establishing the limits and duties of the new monarchy — a contract between king and God, not unchecked power.
  26. 1 Samuel 10:26Not everyone accepts the choice right away — only “a band of men whose hearts God had touched” go with Saul, a voluntary and still small group of supporters at the very start of the reign.
  27. 1 Samuel 10:27Bringing a gift to the new king was a sign of loyalty — refusing to do so was a deliberate insult. Saul’s response, pretending not to hear rather than reacting with violence, shows restraint right at the start of his reign.

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