1 Samuel 28

VBL · Chapter 28/31

1Por aquel entonces, los filisteos convocaron a sus ejércitos para ir a la guerra contra Israel. Entonces Aquis le dijo a David: “Esperamos que tú y tus hombres me acompañen como parte del ejército”.

2“¡Está bien!” respondió David. “Entonces tú mismo descubrirás lo que yo, tu siervo, puedo hacer”.

3Para entonces Samuel había muerto, y todo Israel lo había llorado y enterrado en Ramá, su ciudad natal. Saúl se había deshecho de los médiums y espiritistas del país.

4Los ejércitos filisteos se reunieron y acamparon en Sunem. Saúl convocó a todo el ejército israelita y acampó en Gilboa.

5Cuando Saúl vio al ejército filisteo, se aterrorizó y tembló de miedo.

6Pidió consejo al Señor, pero éste no le respondió ni por sueños, ni por Urim, ni por profetas.

7Entonces Saúl les dijo a sus oficiales: “Búsquenme una mujer que sea médium para que pueda ir a pedirle consejo”.

8Saúl se disfrazó vistiendo ropas diferentes. Fue con dos de sus hombres a ver a la mujer por la noche. Saúl le dijo: “Tráeme un espíritu para que pueda hacer algunas preguntas. Te daré el nombre”.

9“¿No sabes lo que ha hecho Saúl?” , respondió ella. “Se ha deshecho de los médiums y espiritistas del país. ¿Intenta tenderme una trampa y hacer que me maten?”

10Saúl le hizo un juramento por el Señor: “Vive el Señor, no serás considerada culpable por hacer esto”.

11“¿A quién quieres que traiga para ti?” , preguntó la mujer.

12Pero cuando la mujer vio a Samuel, gritó con fuerza y le dijo a Saúl: “¿Por qué me has engañado? ¡Tú eres Saúl!”

13“No te asustes”, le dijo el rey. “¿Qué ves?”

14“¿Qué aspecto tiene?” preguntó Saúl. “Un anciano está subiendo”, respondió ella. “Tiene una capa envuelta alrededor de él”. Saúl pensó que debía ser Samuel y se inclinó hacia abajo en señal de respeto.

15Entonces Samuel le dijo a Saúl: “¿Por qué me molestas haciéndome subir?” .

16“¿Por qué vienes a preguntarme si el Señor te ha abandonado y se ha convertido en tu enemigo?” preguntó Samuel.

17“El Señor ha hecho contigo exactamente lo que te dijo a través de mí, pues el Señor te ha arrancado el reino y se lo ha dado a tu vecino, David.

18El Señor te ha hecho esto hoy porque no hiciste lo que el Señor te mandó y no ejecutaste su furia sobre los amalecitas.

19El Señor te entregará a ti y a Israel a los filisteos. Mañana tú y tus hijos morirán y estarán conmigo. El Señor también entregará el ejército israelita de Israel a los filisteos”.

20Saúl se derrumbó boca abajo en el suelo, aterrorizado por lo que Samuel había dicho. No tenía fuerzas, porque no había comido nada en todo ese día y esa noche.

21La mujer se acercó a Saúl y vio que estaba absolutamente aterrado. Ella le dijo: “Mire, señor, yo hice lo que usted me pidió. Arriesgué mi vida e hice lo que usted me dijo.

22Ahora, por favor, haga lo que le digo. Deje que le traiga un poco de comida. Cómasela y tendrá fuerzas para seguir su camino”.

23Pero él se negó, diciendo: “No puedo comer nada”. Pero sus hombres y la mujer le animaron a comer, y él hizo lo que le dijeron. Se levantó del suelo y se sentó en la cama.

24La mujer tenía un ternero cebado en la casa, y rápidamente fue a sacrificarlo. También cogió harina, la amasó y coció panes sin levadura.

25Luego ella sirvió la comida a Saúl y a sus hombres, y ellos la comieron. Luego se levantaron y se fueron, esa misma noche.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

On the eve of a great battle against the Philistines, Saul, desperate and receiving no answer from God, illegally consults a medium at Endor to summon the spirit of Samuel, who prophesies his imminent death and Israel's defeat.

Explanation

The tragic irony is evident: the same Saul who had driven diviners and mediums out of Israel, in keeping with the Mosaic law, now desperately turns to this forbidden practice precisely because 'the Lord answered him not, neither by dreams, nor by Urim, nor by prophets' (v.6) — showing the complete spiritual isolation that his accumulated disobedience had produced. Samuel's appearance, whether a genuine manifestation exceptionally permitted by God or an experience interpreted differently by scholars, brings a message of final, irrevocable judgment, without a single word of hope or possibility of change for Saul. The scene ends with a strangely human moment amid the despair: the medium and Saul's servants persuade him to eat before leaving, showing practical care even in the face of the most devastating news imaginable.

Fun facts

  • The practice of necromancy (consulting the dead) is explicitly forbidden in Leviticus 19:31 and Deuteronomy 18:10-11, making Saul's action here a double transgression — against both God's law and his own earlier decree against mediums.
  • This episode inspired the idiomatic expression 'the witch of Endor,' still used today in Western culture to refer to mediums or mystical figures associated with communicating with the dead.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Samuel 28:1Achish summons David to fight alongside the Philistines against Israel itself — the direct, dangerous result of the deception David had carefully built up in the previous chapter.
  2. 1 Samuel 28:2David’s ambiguous reply, neither confirming nor denying which side he would fight for, is read by Achish in the most favorable possible way — the Philistine king promotes David to his personal bodyguard.
  3. 1 Samuel 28:3This reminder of Samuel’s death and of Saul’s own decree against mediums ironically sets up the next scene, in which the king will break his own law by desperately seeking out a medium.
  4. 1 Samuel 28:4Shunem and Gilboa lay close together in the Jezreel Valley — the two camps’ proximity already anticipates the direct clash that will define the rest of the book.
  5. 1 Samuel 28:5Saul’s fear at the size of the Philistine army contrasts with the confidence he showed early in his reign — Samuel’s absence and God’s silence have left him visibly more vulnerable.
  6. 1 Samuel 28:6Dreams, Urim (the priestly instrument of inquiry), and prophets were the three legitimate channels through which an Israelite could seek an answer from God — silence on all three at once is the strongest possible sign that God had withdrawn from Saul.
  7. 1 Samuel 28:7It is ironic that Saul himself had banished mediums and fortune-tellers from Israel earlier, and now must disguise himself to secretly consult one in Endor — it shows how desperate he is now that the normal channels to God have gone silent.
  8. 1 Samuel 28:8Saul has to disguise himself from the very law he himself enacted against mediums — the irony of a king hiding his own identity to commit the crime he had made illegal.
  9. 1 Samuel 28:9The woman recognizes the real danger of her own practice, showing that Saul’s crackdown on mediums had been effective enough to leave her genuinely afraid of being caught and executed.
  10. 1 Samuel 28:10Saul uses God’s own name to guarantee safety for a practice God’s own law explicitly forbade — a contradiction the text neither hides nor softens.
  11. 1 Samuel 28:11Asking specifically for Samuel, the very prophet who had already announced his rejection as king, shows how desperate Saul was for any guidance at all, even from someone who had only ever brought him bad news.
  12. 1 Samuel 28:12The medium’s own genuine shock, on realizing something real and unexpected was happening, suggests that even she did not expect such a concrete result from her usual practice.
  13. 1 Samuel 28:13“Gods” here translates a Hebrew word (elohim) that could also describe supernatural or spirit beings in general, not necessarily deities — the wording reflects how hard this concept is to capture in translation.
  14. 1 Samuel 28:14Saul recognizes Samuel only from the description of his robe and his age — the same kind of robe Saul himself had accidentally torn years earlier in chapter 15, a symbol of the lost kingdom.
  15. 1 Samuel 28:15Saul openly admits his despair: every normal channel of communication with God had already failed before he resorted to this forbidden method as a last resort.
  16. 1 Samuel 28:16Samuel confirms, as directly as possible, that God’s silence was not a technical failure or whim, but the deliberate consequence of a rejection announced years earlier.
  17. 1 Samuel 28:17Samuel repeats almost word for word the same sentence from chapter 15 — the judgment announced then still stands, and is now about to be fulfilled in full.
  18. 1 Samuel 28:18Samuel directly links the current military crisis to a specific act of disobedience from decades before — showing how the consequences of past choices can take a long time to fully play out.
  19. 1 Samuel 28:19The most devastating prophecy in the whole book announces not only Saul’s death but also that of his sons, and the complete defeat of the Israelite army the following day.
  20. 1 Samuel 28:20Saul’s physical collapse combines the emotional shock of the devastating news with his prolonged fasting — he was likely already physically weak even before hearing the final prophecy.
  21. 1 Samuel 28:21The medium reminds Saul of the risk she herself took by helping him, perhaps hoping for some consideration in return given the pitiful state she found him in.
  22. 1 Samuel 28:22Even after delivering the worst possible news through Samuel’s appearance, the woman shows genuine practical care, insisting Saul eat before facing the journey back.
  23. 1 Samuel 28:23Saul’s initial refusal reflects utter despair — only the combined insistence of his own servants and the medium manages to convince him to take even minimal care of himself before the final battle.
  24. 1 Samuel 28:24Quickly preparing a substantial meal, including meat from a specially fattened animal, shows that the woman had reasonable means and genuine generosity, despite her marginal and forbidden trade.
  25. 1 Samuel 28:25The final meal before the battle that will kill Saul carries a tragic irony — a last night of hospitality coming, of all people, from a medium he himself had made it law to banish.

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