Isaías 28

VBL · Chapter 28/66

1La tragedia llega a la ciudad de Samaria, la coronación de los borrachos de Efraín, a la flor marchita de maravillosa belleza, asentada sobre un valle fértil, y amada por los martillados por el vino.

2¡Cuidado, porque el Señor tiene a uno que es fuerte y poderoso! Lo va a derribar como una tormenta de granizo y un tornado, como una lluvia torrencial y una inundación abrumadora.

3Esa gloria suprema de los borrachos de Efraín será pisoteada.

4Esa flor marchita de maravillosa belleza, asentada sobre un valle fértil, será como los higos maduros antes de la cosecha de verano: tan pronto como la gente los descubra, los agarrará y los comerá.

5En ese momento, el Señor Todopoderoso será una corona hermosa y gloriosa que enorgullecerá a los que queden de su pueblo.

6Será una inspiración para que los jueces hagan lo correcto, y animará a los que combatan los ataques a la puerta.

7Pero este pueblo también bebe tanto vino y cerveza que se balancea de un lado a otro y tropieza. Incluso los sacerdotes y los profetas se tambalean, con la mente confundida por la cerveza y el vino. A causa de la bebida, se confunden con las visiones y se equivocan al tomar decisiones.

8Todas sus mesas están llenas de vómito: la suciedad está por todas partes.

9“¿A quién trata de enseñar el conocimiento?”, se preguntan. “¿A quién le está explicando su mensaje? ¿A los niños que acaban de ser destetados de la leche, a los bebés que acaban de ser retirados del pecho?

10Nos dice este bla y aquel bla, bla sobre bla, y otra vez bla y bla, y aún más bla y bla! Es un poco de aquí y un poco de allá”.

11Bien: ahora el Señor hablará a este pueblo en lenguas extranjeras que les suenen extrañas!

12Les había dicho: “Pueden descansar aquí. Dejen descansar a los que están cansados. Este es el lugar donde pueden descansar con seguridad”. Pero se negaron a escuchar.

13Por lo tanto, el mensaje del Señor para ellos se convertirá en: “Este bla y ese bla, bla sobre bla, y otra vez bla y bla, y aún más bla y bla, un poco aquí y un poco allá”, de modo que caerán de espaldas, y serán heridos, atrapados y capturados.

14Así que presten atención al mensaje del Señor, ustedes, gobernantes despreciables que dirigen a este pueblo en Jerusalén.

15Ustedes afirman: “Hemos hecho un acuerdo con la muerte; tenemos un contrato con la tumba. Cuando pase el terrible desastre, no nos afectará, porque nuestras mentiras nos protegen y nos escondemos en nuestros propios engaños”.

16En consecuencia, escuchen lo que dice el Señor Dios: ¡Mira! Estoy colocando una piedra fundamental en Jerusalén, una piedra fuerte y bien probada. Es una piedra angular valiosa que proporciona un fundamento firme. El que confía en ella no quedará suelto.

17Haré que la justicia sea tan recta como una línea de medir, y que hacer lo correcto sea la norma estándar. El granizo destruirá la protección de tus mentiras, y el agua inundará el lugar donde te escondes.

18Tu acuerdo con la muerte será cancelado; tu contrato con la tumba será revocado. Cuando el terrible desastre se precipite, te pisoteará.

19Se precipitará una y otra vez, arrastrándote mañana tras mañana, día y noche, precipitándose una y otra vez. Una vez que entiendas este mensaje estarás totalmente aterrorizado.

20La cama es demasiado corta para que puedas estirarte; la manta es demasiado estrecha para que no puedas cubrirte.

21El Señor vendrá al ataque como lo hizo con los filisteos en el monte Perazim, como los sacudió en el valle de Gabaón, viniendo a hacer lo que tiene que hacer, su extraña obra; viniendo a actuar como debe, su insólita acción.

22Así que no te burles, o tu prisión será aún peor, porque el Señor, el Señor Todopoderoso, me ha explicado su decisión de destruir todo el país.

23¡Escuchen lo que les digo! ¡Escuchen y presten atención! ¡Escuchen mis palabras!

24¿Acaso el agricultor se pasa todo el tiempo arando? ¿O pasa todo el tiempo preparando la tierra?

25¿Acaso, una vez que tiene todo listo, no siembra semillas como el eneldo y el comino, no planta trigo y cebada en hileras, con el grano de la escanda como cerco?

26Su Dios le da instrucciones y le enseña lo que debe hacer.

27¡No se usa una herramienta pesada para trillar el eneldo! No se usa la rueda de un carruaje para trillar el comino. En lugar de eso, se usa un palo para trillar el eneldo y una vara para trillar el comino.

28El grano que se utiliza para el pan se daña fácilmente, por lo que no se trilla siempre. Cuando se pasan las ruedas de los carros con los caballos, no se aplasta.

29Esto también viene del Señor Todopoderoso, que es muy sabio y da grandes consejos.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Isaiah denounces the drunkenness and arrogance of the leaders of Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel) and then of Judah, who mock his warnings. He announces that God is laying a sure 'cornerstone' in Zion, and uses the image of a wise farmer to show that God has method and purpose in everything he does.

Explanation

The chapter opens targeting Ephraim (a fertile hill region known for its vineyards, hence the image of the 'drunkards' crown'), but quickly turns its attention to the leaders of Judah, who mocked Isaiah's repetitive messages, calling them childish ('rule upon rule... a little here, a little there'). The promise of a 'costly cornerstone, a sure foundation' in Zion is quoted in the New Testament as a reference to Christ (1 Peter 2:6, Romans 9:33). The closing parable of the farmer who knows the right time to plow, sow, and harvest different grains illustrates that God has perfect wisdom and timing in his acts of discipline, never acting randomly. The practical application is that mocking repeated warnings for sounding worn out does not make them any less true or urgent.

Fun facts

  • The 'cornerstone' promised in Zion (v. 16) is quoted directly in the New Testament in 1 Peter 2:6 and Romans 9:33 as a prophecy about Jesus Christ.
  • The farming technique described in the closing verses — using a rod for cumin but heavy cart wheels for wheat — reflects real threshing methods from ancient Near Eastern agriculture, confirmed by farming tools found in excavations in the region.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Isaías 28:1The “crown of pride” of the drunkards of Ephraim describes Samaria, the capital of the northern kingdom, built on top of a hill. The city is compared to a fading crown on the head of drunken people, criticizing both its prominent position and the moral corruption of its leadership.
  2. Isaías 28:2God will send a mighty instrument, compared to a hailstorm and a destroying flood, to violently bring down the arrogance of Ephraim mentioned in the previous verse — probably a reference to the Assyrian invasion.
  3. Isaías 28:3The “crown of pride” of the drunkards of Ephraim, the capital Samaria, described as a crown atop a fertile valley, will be trampled underfoot without any resistance.
  4. Isaías 28:4The city, compared to a fading, falling flower, will be swallowed up quickly, like the first ripe fruit of the season, which whoever sees it plucks and eats right away — an image of an easy, swift conquest.
  5. Isaías 28:5In contrast to the destroyed crown of pride, the LORD Himself will become the true crown of glory for the small group of people that remains.
  6. Isaías 28:6God will also give a spirit of justice to those who judge, and strength to those who defend the city from attacks at the gates — qualities the opposite of the arrogant drunkenness criticized at the start of the chapter.
  7. Isaías 28:7Even priests and prophets err because of drink, according to the text. It is a direct criticism of the religious leadership of the northern kingdom, pictured vomiting at their own banquet tables.
  8. Isaías 28:8Describes the physical result of the drunkenness criticized in the previous verse: tables covered in vomit and filth, with no clean spot left — a realistic picture of the moral corruption of the religious leaders.
  9. Isaías 28:9An ironic question from the drunken leaders themselves, mocking the prophet: whom does he think he is teaching, as if speaking to babies just weaned? A way of dismissing Isaiah’s message as too simple to matter.
  10. Isaías 28:10The repetitive line about precept and rule deliberately imitates an almost childish sound in Hebrew. It is probably how the drunken leaders mocked Isaiah’s preaching, treating it as monotonous nonsense.
  11. Isaías 28:11Since they mocked God’s simple message, He will speak to this people in an even stranger way: through a foreign tongue and stammering lips — a reference to the Assyrian invasion, whose language the Israelites would not understand.
  12. Isaías 28:12God had already offered rest and relief to the weary people through the simple message of the prophets, but they refused to listen — the reason behind the harsher punishment that follows.
  13. Isaías 28:13That is why the same message that sounded repetitive and childish to them will become the cause of their stumbling backward, being broken, and being taken captive — the irony turns against those who mocked it.
  14. Isaías 28:14Isaiah calls for the attention of Jerusalem’s mocking rulers to hear the word of the LORD, setting up the direct accusation that comes in the next verse.
  15. Isaías 28:15Speaking of a “covenant with death” is a poetic way of describing a political alliance, probably with Egypt, that Jerusalem’s leaders thought would protect them from any threat. The text calls this a lie and a false sense of security.
  16. Isaías 28:16The “corner stone” was the most important stone of an ancient building, the one that set the alignment for the whole wall. Here it becomes an image of a solid foundation laid by God in the midst of the chapter’s political instability.
  17. Isaías 28:17God promises to use the “line” and the “plummet,” precise measuring tools used in construction, to judge with exact justice, and the hail will sweep away the “refuge of lies” they had built to feel secure.
  18. Isaías 28:18The “covenant with death” they made, mentioned before, will be annulled, and when the flood of punishment passes through, they will be trampled by it, not protected by it.
  19. Isaías 28:19This punishment will pass through again and again, morning after morning, day and night, and just hearing about it will already cause great terror among the people.
  20. Isaías 28:20Uses a simple household image: the bed will be too short to stretch out on, and the blanket too narrow to wrap around — no comfort or protection will really work in the face of judgment.
  21. Isaías 28:21Compares God’s action to two ancient battles, David’s victories, calling the judgment a “strange work” — strange because God normally acts to protect His people, not to punish them so harshly.
  22. Isaías 28:22A final warning against mockery: continuing to scoff will only tighten the bonds of punishment even more, because destruction has already been decreed by God over the whole earth.
  23. Isaías 28:23Introduces a new parable calling for full attention: to bend the ear and listen carefully to the agricultural discourse that follows.
  24. Isaías 28:24A rhetorical question opening the farming parable: does the farmer plow all day long without ever sowing? The obvious answer is no, setting up the lesson about God’s practical wisdom.
  25. Isaías 28:25Continues the parable: after properly preparing the ground, the farmer plants each seed exactly in its right place — showing the knowledge and method behind agricultural work.
  26. Isaías 28:26Explains where this knowledge comes from: it is God Himself who teaches the farmer to do the work right — practical wisdom that reflects the greater wisdom of God behind everything, including judgment.
  27. Isaías 28:27Continues the parable: each seed requires a different harvesting technique — delicate grains are beaten with a rod, not crushed with tools too heavy for them.
  28. Isaías 28:28Even wheat, which needs to be threshed with more force, is not endlessly ground nor crushed to powder — there is a limit and a care in every step of the farming process.
  29. Isaías 28:29Concludes the parable: this practical wisdom also comes from the LORD of hosts, wonderful in counsel and excellent in work — each method of judgment has its own purpose and right measure, like the harvest.

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