2 Corintios 11

VBL · Chapter 11/13

1Espero que puedan soportarme unas cuantas necedades más. ¡Bueno, de hecho, ya me soportan a mí mismo!

2Sufro de una agonía por el celo divino que siento por ustedes, pues les prometí un solo esposo—Cristo—a fin de presentarlos a ustedes como una mujer virgen y pura para él.

3Me preocupa que, de algún modo, así como la serpiente engañó a Eva con su astucia, ustedes puedan ser descarriados en su forma de pensar sobre su compromiso sincero y puro con Cristo.

4Si alguno llega a hablarles sobre un Jesús distinto al que nosotros hemos compartido con ustedes, fácilmente ustedes concuerdan con ellos, aceptando un espíritu diferente al que han recibido, y una buena noticia distinta a la que creyeron.

5No me considero inferior a estos “súper apóstoles”.

6Aunque no sea muy talentoso para dar discursos, sé de lo que hablo. Les hemos explicado esto claramente y de todas las maneras posibles.

7¿Fue un error que me humillara para exaltarlos a ustedes, siendo que compartí la buena noticia con ustedes sin beneficio económico alguno?

8Despojé a otras iglesias, recibiendo pago de ellas para poder trabajar en favor de ustedes.

9Cuando estuve allá con ustedes y necesité algo, no fui carga para nadie, porque los creyentes que venían de Macedonia se hicieron cargo de mis necesidades. Estuve decidido a no ser carga para ustedes y nunca lo seré.

10Esto es tan cierto como la verdad de que Cristo está en mí: ¡No hay nadie en toda Acaya que me impida jactarme de esto!

11¿Y por qué? ¿Acaso es porque no los amo? ¡Dios mismo sabe que sí los amo!

12Y seguiré haciendo lo que siempre he hecho, para eliminar cualquier oportunidad que otros puedan tener de jactarse de que su obra es igual a la nuestra.

13Estas personas son falsos apóstoles, obreros deshonestos, que fingen ser apóstoles de Cristo.

14No se sorprendan de esto porque incluso Satanás mismo finge ser un ángel de luz.

15Así que no se extrañen de que los que le sirven finjan ser agentes del bien. Pero su final será conforme a sus obras.

16Permítanme decirlo nuevamente: por favor, no crean que estoy siendo necio. No obstante, si así lo creen, acéptenme como un necio, y permítanme jactarme un poco.

17Lo que estoy diciendo no es como lo diría el Señor, con todo este orgullo.

18Pero como muchos andan por ahí jactándose como lo hace el mundo, entonces permítanme hacerlo también.

19(Ustedes son felices de soportar necios, pues son muy sabios)

20Soportan a personas que los esclavizan, que les roban, que los explotan, que los humillan con su arrogancia, y que los abofetean.

21¡Lamento tanto que nosotros fuimos muy débiles para soportar algo así! Pero sean cuales sean las razones por las cuales la gente se jacta, me atrevo a hacerlo también. (En esto hablo como necio una vez más).

22¿Es porque son hebreos? Yo también. ¿Es porque son israelitas? Yo también. ¿Es porque son descendientes de Abraham? Yo también lo soy.

23¿Es porque son siervos de Cristo? (Esto podría sonar como una locura). Pero yo he hecho mucho más. He trabajado con más esfuerzo, me han llevado preso en muchas más ocasiones, me han azotado más veces de las que puedo contar, he enfrentado la muerte una y otra vez.

24Cinco veces he recibido de los judíos cuarenta latigazos menos uno.

25Tres veces fui golpeado con palos, una vez fui apedreado, tres veces naufragué. Una vez duré veinticuatro horas a la deriva en el océano.

26Durante muchas ocasiones he afrontado los peligros de cruzar ríos, encontrarme con pandillas de atracadores, ataques de mis propios conciudadanos, así como de extranjeros. He enfrentado peligros en las ciudades, en los desiertos, y en el mar. He enfrentado el peligro de parte de personas que fingen ser cristianos.

27He enfrentado trabajo duro y luchas, muchas noches sin dormir, hambre y sed, a menudo he estado sin comida, con frío, y sin ropa para cubrirme del frío.

28Aparte de todo esto, cada día enfrento las preocupaciones de ocuparme de todas las iglesias.

29¿Quién es débil? ¿Acaso no me siento débil también? ¿Quién es conducido a pecar sin que yo arda de enojo?

30Si tengo que jactarme, me jactaré en lo débil que soy.

31El Dios y Padre del Señor Jesús—sea él alabado por siempre—sabe que no miento.

32Mientras estaba en Damasco, el gobernador que estaba bajo autoridad del Rey Aretas mandó a custodiar la ciudad para capturarme.

33Pero me ayudaron a descender en una canasta por el muro de la ciudad, y hui de él.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Paul, with irony and some discomfort, finds himself forced to defend his genuine apostolic authority against 'false apostles' who had infiltrated Corinth. He lists the extreme sufferings he endured for the gospel, proving his commitment far beyond any appearance of success.

Explanation

Paul describes himself as being in a temporary state of “folly” in having to defend himself, something he would normally avoid, but which became necessary in the face of self-promoting leaders in Corinth, whom he calls “false apostles” disguising themselves as “angels of light.” The famous list of sufferings — beatings, shipwrecks, constant dangers, hunger, cold — serves as concrete proof of genuine dedication to the gospel, quite unlike the empty rhetoric of rivals seeking personal prestige. The comparison to the serpent deceiving Eve in Eden warns of the danger of being led astray “from the simplicity that is in Christ” through seductive false teaching. Today's practical application is to discern between genuine spiritual leadership, marked by sacrifice and integrity, and leadership that seeks only appearance and personal advantage.

Fun facts

  • The mention of Paul's escape through a window in a basket in Damascus (v.32-33) is independently confirmed in Acts 9:23-25, a rare instance of a biblical event narrated by two different New Testament sources.
  • The mention of receiving 'forty stripes save one' five times (v.24) refers to the maximum punishment permitted under Jewish law (Deuteronomy 25:3), which synagogue leaders reduced to 39 lashes as a safety margin, to make sure they never exceeded the biblical limit of 40.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Corintios 11:1He asks the Corinthians in advance to bear with what follows: a section full of ironic “folly,” where he will compare himself to the rivals who are confusing the church.
  2. 2 Corintios 11:2He explains the reason for this almost fatherly jealousy: he had betrothed the church of Corinth as a pure bride to be presented to Christ, and fears losing her to false teaching.
  3. 2 Corintios 11:3Paul uses the image of a marriage: he had “espoused” the church as a pure bride to be given to Christ, and fears she will be seduced by false teaching, just as the serpent deceived Eve through his subtlety.
  4. 2 Corintios 11:4He complains that the Corinthians easily tolerate preachers who bring “another Jesus,” “another spirit,” or “another gospel” different from what he himself preached — showing how they were being deceived.
  5. 2 Corintios 11:5The phrase “the very chiefest apostles” is probably ironic. It seems to refer to a group of rival preachers who arrived in Corinth presenting themselves as superior to Paul, the so-called “super-apostles,” a central theme of this chapter.
  6. 2 Corintios 11:6He admits he isn't as talented a speaker as his rivals (“rude in speech”), but insists that this doesn't affect his genuine knowledge of the gospel, already proven among the Corinthians.
  7. 2 Corintios 11:7He asks, ironically, whether preaching for free, without charging anything, was a mistake — answering rivals who used the fact that Paul's work was free against him, as if it proved he wasn't a real apostle.
  8. 2 Corintios 11:8He reveals that he received financial help from other churches precisely so he could serve the Corinthians free of charge, even while in need.
  9. 2 Corintios 11:9Paul defends having refused financial support from the church in Corinth, living instead on help that came from Macedonia. It seems his rivals used this against him, as if his refusal proved he wasn't a “real” apostle — prestigious teachers of the time charged for their teaching.
  10. 2 Corintios 11:10He swears, by the truth of Christ, that he will keep boasting about not having charged the Corinthians anything, in the whole region of Achaia.
  11. 2 Corintios 11:11He anticipates an obvious question about why he refused financial support — was it because he didn't love them? — and answers directly that God knows he loves the Corinthians.
  12. 2 Corintios 11:12He explains the real reason for continuing to refuse payment: to cut off any chance for his rivals to boast that they work “even as we” do, since they charged for their own teaching.
  13. 2 Corintios 11:13He openly calls these rivals “false apostles,” describing them as deceitful workers disguising themselves as true apostles of Christ.
  14. 2 Corintios 11:14Paul calls the rivals “false apostles” disguised as messengers of Christ, comparing this to Satan disguising himself as “an angel of light,” a warning that impressive religious appearance is no guarantee of truth.
  15. 2 Corintios 11:15He continues the accusation: since Satan himself disguises himself as an angel of light, it's no surprise that his servants also disguise themselves as ministers of righteousness — their end will be according to their own works.
  16. 2 Corintios 11:16He apologizes in advance for the tone he's about to use, almost like “a fool,” just so he too can boast a little, the same way his rivals do.
  17. 2 Corintios 11:17He acknowledges that what he's about to say isn't something the Lord himself would command him to say, but he says it anyway, “as it were foolishly,” just to defend himself using the same logic used against him.
  18. 2 Corintios 11:18Since many rivals boast of human credentials (“after the flesh”), Paul decides to do the same, even reluctantly, just to level the comparison.
  19. 2 Corintios 11:19He mocks the Corinthians themselves, saying that, being so “wise,” they easily put up with fools — a subtle criticism for how well they accept the false apostles.
  20. 2 Corintios 11:20He lists, provocatively, how the Corinthians tolerate even mistreatment from these rivals: being enslaved, exploited, deceived, humiliated, and even physically struck.
  21. 2 Corintios 11:21He admits, with heavy irony, that he might be regarded “as though we had been weak” — but warns that, if it's a matter of boldness, he has that too.
  22. 2 Corintios 11:22He begins comparing Jewish credentials with the rivals: Hebrew, Israelite, descendant of Abraham — Paul has the same ethnic and religious credentials they claim to have.
  23. 2 Corintios 11:23He continues the comparison, but changes the criterion: as for being a minister of Christ, Paul considers himself even greater, citing his own sufferings — labors, beatings, imprisonments, and brushes with death, detailed next.
  24. 2 Corintios 11:24He begins the concrete list of sufferings: he received from the Jews, five times, the punishment of thirty-nine lashes (the maximum allowed under Jewish law minus one, for safety).
  25. 2 Corintios 11:25Paul lists real hardships he lived through as an apostle — beatings, stoning, shipwrecks — as concrete proof of his commitment, directly answering the credentials the super-apostles claimed to have.
  26. 2 Corintios 11:26He continues the catalog of dangers: risky journeys, rivers, robbers, persecution from his own countrymen and from Gentiles, dangers in the city, in the wilderness, at sea, and even among false brethren within the faith itself.
  27. 2 Corintios 11:27He adds the daily physical toll: hard labor, sleepless nights, hunger, thirst, fasting, and cold — a very concrete and raw portrait of the cost of a traveling missionary's life.
  28. 2 Corintios 11:28Beyond all this physical suffering, he mentions a daily emotional burden: constant concern for the well-being of all the churches he helped found.
  29. 2 Corintios 11:29He describes deep empathy: he feels as his own the weakness of any weak brother, and is troubled whenever someone stumbles in the faith because of another.
  30. 2 Corintios 11:30He sums up the reasoning of the whole chapter: if he must boast of something, he'd rather boast precisely about his own weaknesses, not his strengths or achievements.
  31. 2 Corintios 11:31He swears, calling on God as witness, that everything he told about his own sufferings is true, without exaggeration.
  32. 2 Corintios 11:32He tells of a specific dangerous episode in Damascus: the local governor, serving the Arab king Aretas, posted guards at the city gates specifically to capture him — the same episode narrated in Acts 9.
  33. 2 Corintios 11:33The episode of escaping Damascus lowered in a basket through a hole in the wall is a real historical detail, also narrated in Acts 9, used by Paul as an example of the kind of “strength” he prefers to boast about: not victories, but weaknesses.

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