Mateo 27

VBL · Chapter 27/28

¹Temprano en la mañana, todos los jefes de los sacerdotes y los ancianos del pueblo se reunieron a consultar y decidieron mandar a matar a Jesús.

²Lo ataron, se lo llevaron y se lo enviaron a Pilato, el gobernador.

³Cuando Judas, el que había entregado a Jesús, vio que Jesús había sido condenado a muerte, se arrepintió de lo que había hecho y devolvió las treinta monedas de plata a los jefes de los sacerdotes y a los ancianos.

⁴“¡He pecado! ¡He entregado sangre inocente!” les dijo.

⁵Judas lanzó las monedas de plata en el santuario y se fue. Huyó y se ahorcó.

⁶Los jefes de los sacerdotes tomaron las monedas de plata y dijeron: “Este es dinero de sangre, es contra la ley poner este dinero en la tesorería del Templo”.

⁷Entonces se pusieron de acuerdo para comprar el campo del alfarero para usarlo como el lugar donde sepultarían a los extranjeros.

⁸Por eso hasta hoy a ese campo se le llama el “Campo de Sangre”.

⁹Esto cumplió la profecía dicha por el profeta Jeremías: “Tomaron treinta monedas de plata — el ‘valor’ de aquel que fue comprado por el precio que le pusieron unos hijos de Israel—

¹⁰y las usaron para pagar el campo del alfarero, como el Señor me mandó a hacerlo”

¹¹Jesús fue llevado delante de Pilato el gobernador, quien le preguntó: “¿Eres tu el Rey de los Judíos?”

¹²Pero cuando el jefe de los sacerdotes y los ancianos presentaron cargos contra él, Jesús no respondió.

¹³“¿No escuchas todos los cargos que ellos están presentando contra ti?” le preguntó Pilato.

¹⁴Pero Jesús no dijo nada, ni una sola palabra. Esto sorprendió en gran manera al gobernador.

¹⁵Y era costumbre del gobernador, durante la fiesta, liberar delante de la multitud a cualquier prisionero que ellos quisieran.

¹⁶En esa época, estaba preso un hombre llamado Barrabás.

¹⁷Así que Pilato le preguntó a las multitudes que se habían reunido: “¿A quién quieren que libere: a Barrabás, o a Jesús, llamado el Mesías?”

¹⁸(Él se había dado cuenta que ellos habían arrestado a Jesús por celos para juzgarlo).

¹⁹Mientras estaba sentado en la silla de juez, su esposa le envió un mensaje que decía: “No le hagas nada a este hombre inocente, porque he sufrido terriblemente en el día de hoy por un sueño que tuve sobre él”.

²⁰Pero los jefes de los sacerdotes y los ancianos convencieron a las multitudes de pedir a Barrabás, y mandar a matar a Jesús.

²¹Cuando el gobernador les preguntó: “¿A cuál de los dos quieren que les libere entonces?” ellos respondieron: “Barrabás”.

²²“¿Entonces qué hare con Jesús, el Mesías?” les preguntó.

²³“¿Por qué? ¿Qué crimen ha cometido él?” preguntó Pilato. Pero ellos gritaban aún más fuerte: “¡Crucifícalo!”

²⁴Cuando Pilato vio que la causa estaba perdida, y que se estaba formando un motín, trajo agua y lavó sus manos frente a la multitud. “Soy inocente de la sangre de este hombre. ¡Su sangre estará sobre sus cabezas!”

²⁵Todo el pueblo respondió: “¡Que su sangre sea sobre nuestras cabezas y las de nuestros hijos!”

²⁶Entonces Pilato liberó a Barrabás, pero mandó a azotar a Jesús y a crucificarlo.

²⁷Los soldados del gobernador llevaron a Jesús hasta el Pretorio y toda la tropa de soldados lo rodeaba.

²⁸Entonces lo desnudaron y pusieron un manto de color escarlata sobre él.

²⁹Hicieron una corona de espinas y la colocaron sobre su cabeza, y le pusieron un palo en su mano derecha. Y se arrodillaban frente a él y se burlaban diciendo: “¡Salve, Rey de los judíos!”

³⁰Luego lo escupieron, y tomando el palo que tenía, le golpeaban la cabeza con él.

³¹Cuando terminaron de burlarse de él, le quitaron el manto y volvieron a ponerle su ropa. Entonces se lo llevaron para crucificarlo.

³²En el camino, se encontraron a un hombre llamado Simón, de Cirene, y lo obligaron a llevar la cruz de Jesús.

³³Cuando llegaron a Gólgota, que significa “Lugar de la Calavera”,

³⁴le dieron vino mezclado con hiel. Pero después de probarlo, se negó a beberlo.

³⁵Después de haberlo crucificado, lanzaron unos dados para dividir su ropa entre ellos.

³⁶Entonces se sentaron y se quedaron allí vigilándolo.

³⁷Colocaron una señal sobre su cabeza con el cargo que fue presentado contra él. Decía: “Este es Jesús, el Rey de los judíos”.

³⁸Entonces crucificaron a dos criminales con él, uno a su derecha, y el otro a su izquierda.

³⁹Los que pasaban por ahí le gritaban insultos, sacudiendo sus cabezas,

⁴⁰y decían: “¡Tú que prometiste destruir el Templo y reconstruirlo en tres días, por qué no te salvas a ti mismo! Si realmente eres el Hijo de Dios, entonces bájate de la cruz”.

⁴¹Los jefes de los sacerdotes se burlaban de él de la misma manera, igual que los maestros religiosos y los ancianos.

⁴²“¡Salvó a otros pero no puede salvarse a sí mismo!” decían. “¡Si realmente él es el rey de Israel, que se baje de la cruz y le creeremos!

⁴³Él cree en Dios con tanta seguridad, —pues entonces que Dios lo rescate si lo quiere, pues él decía ‘yo soy el Hijo de Dios’”.

⁴⁴Y los criminales que estaban crucificados con él también lo insultaban de la misma manera.

⁴⁵Desde el medio día hasta las tres de la tarde hubo tinieblas en todo el país.

⁴⁶Aproximadamente a las tres de la tarde, Jesús gritó fuertemente diciendo: “Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?” que significa: “Dios mío, Dios mío, ¿por qué me has abandonado?”

⁴⁷Cuando algunos de los que estaban allí lo escucharon, dijeron: “¡Está llamando a Elías!”

⁴⁸E inmediatamente uno de ellos tomó una esponja, la sumergió en vinagre y se lo dio a beber a Jesús.

⁴⁹Pero los otros decían: “Déjalo solo. Veamos si Elías viene y lo salva”.

⁵⁰Jesus gritó otra vez a gran voz, y dio su último respiro.

⁵¹Justo en ese momento, el velo del Templo se rasgó de arriba a abajo. La tierra tembló, las rocas se partieron,

⁵²y las tumbas se abrieron. Muchos de los que habían vivido de manera justa y habían muerto, fueron levantados a la vida.

⁵³Y después de la resurrección de Jesús, estos salieron de los cementerios y entraron a la ciudad santa donde muchos los vieron.

⁵⁴Cuando el centurión y los que estaban con él vigilando a Jesús vieron el terremoto y lo que había ocurrido, se atemorizaron y dijeron: “¡Este era realmente el Hijo de Dios!”

⁵⁵Muchas mujeres también miraban a la distancia, las que habían seguido a Jesús desde Galilea y lo habían apoyado.

⁵⁶Entre estas estaba María Magdalena, María la madre de Jesús, María la madre de Santiago y José, y la madre de los hijos de Zebedeo.

⁵⁷Cuando llegó la noche, un hombre rico llamado José, de Arimatea, (quien también era discípulo de Jesús),

⁵⁸fue donde Pilato y pidió que le entregaran el cuerpo de Jesús. Entonces Pilato ordenó que se le entregara.

⁵⁹José tomó el cuerpo y lo envolvió en un paño nuevo de lino,

⁶⁰y lo puso en su propia tumba que estaba nueva, hecha de roca sólida. Entonces rodó una gran piedra que estaba puesta a la entrada de la tumba, y se fue.

⁶¹María Magdalena y la otra mujer llamada María, estaban allí sentadas al otro lado de la tumba.

⁶²Al día siguiente, después del día de la Preparación, los jefes de los sacerdotes fueron juntos a ver a Pilato.

⁶³Y le dijeron: “Señor, recordamos que el impostor cuando estaba vivo dijo: ‘Después de tres días me levantaré de nuevo’.

⁶⁴Da la orden para vigilar la tumba hasta el tercer día. Así sus discípulos no pueden llegar y robar el cuerpo y decir al pueblo que él se levantó de entre los muertos, y que la decepción al final llegue a ser peor que lo que era al principio”.

⁶⁵“Les daré una guardia de soldados”, les dijo Pilato. “Ahora vayan y aseguren la tumba tanto como puedan”.

⁶⁶Entonces ellos fueron y aseguraron la tumba, sellando la entrada con una piedra y colocando soldados como guardas de ella.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Jesus is brought before Pilate, who hands him over to be crucified after the crowd demands the release of Barabbas; Judas hangs himself in remorse, Jesus dies on the cross amid mockery, and is buried by Joseph of Arimathea in a tomb guarded by soldiers.

Explanation

Pilate, the Roman prefect of Judea, held the authority to carry out the death penalty, something the Jewish Sanhedrin could not do on its own under Roman rule, which is why Jesus had to be brought before him. The custom of releasing a prisoner at Passover, though not documented outside the Gospels, was consistent with Roman practices of granting favors to keep the peace in provinces during major religious festivals. Details such as the temple veil tearing in two, from top to bottom, symbolize the end of the separation between God and people that had previously been maintained by restricted access to the Most Holy Place. Jesus's death is told with restraint, without sensationalism, yet with signs that the onlookers themselves, including a Roman centurion, took as confirmation that he truly was the Son of God.

Fun facts

'Golgotha,' the site of the crucifixion, means 'place of the skull' in Aramaic, possibly because of the shape of a nearby hill outside the walls of Jerusalem.
The Roman practice of crucifixion was generally reserved for slaves, rebels, and non-citizens, and was considered one of the most degrading and painful forms of execution in the ancient world.

Verse-by-verse explanation

Mateo 27:1The formal council held in the morning gives a veneer of legality to a decision that, according to the account, had already been made during the night—the Jewish leaders had no authority to execute anyone, so the next step is to hand Jesus over to Pilate.
Mateo 27:2The word translated here as “governor” refers to the Roman governor of the province of Judea—the office was closer to a “procurator” or “prefect,” Rome’s direct representative with power of life and death over the region. The Jewish leaders hand Jesus over to him because, under Roman occupation, the Jewish council had no authority to execute anyone on its own.
Mateo 27:3Judas’s remorse comes only after seeing the condemnation already decided—suggesting he perhaps did not expect the betrayal to actually lead to Jesus’s death.
Mateo 27:4The chief priests’ cold reply, “What is that to us? see thou to that,” shows that they used Judas merely as an instrument, with no real concern for his conscience or well-being afterward.
Mateo 27:5Throwing the money back inside the temple was a gesture of total rejection of what he had gained—Judas’s suicide is the only one recorded in the New Testament among Jesus’s close disciples.
Mateo 27:6The priests’ hesitation to put “the price of blood” into the temple treasury shows a concern for ritual purity that contrasts with their willingness to pay for a betrayal that would lead to an innocent man’s death.
Mateo 27:7Buying a potter’s field, probably land already exhausted from clay extraction and worthless for farming, was a practical and cheap way to use the money without technically returning it to the sacred treasury.
Mateo 27:8“Unto this day” indicates that the field’s name was already known and used by the gospel’s original readers, decades after the event itself.
Mateo 27:9The combined citation from Jeremiah and Zechariah about the thirty pieces of silver is attributed by Matthew to Jeremiah alone, a common practice at the time of citing the better-known prophet even when the text came from more than one source.
Mateo 27:10Closes the prophetic citation by directly applying the purchase of the field to the very sum of money handed to Judas—Matthew sees in this seemingly small detail the fulfillment of an ancient prophecy.
Mateo 27:11“King of the Jews” was the political accusation that mattered to Pilate, different from the religious charge of blasphemy that had driven the trial before Caiaphas—only a threat to Rome’s power would justify the death penalty under Roman authority.
Mateo 27:12Jesus’s silence before the formal accusations echoes the same posture already seen at the religious trial, and fulfills a prophetic image from Isaiah 53 about a servant who does not open his mouth in the face of injustice.
Mateo 27:13Pilate tries to provoke a defense, perhaps hoping for some argument that would make it easier to acquit Him in the face of pressure from the accusers.
Mateo 27:14Pilate’s astonishment at Jesus’s silence suggests he was not used to this kind of behavior from defendants, who normally defended themselves actively against accusations that could lead to death.
Mateo 27:15There is no record outside the gospels of this specific custom of releasing a prisoner at Passover, but similar amnesty practices on festival dates existed elsewhere in the Roman Empire. This custom gives Pilate an apparent way out to free Jesus without seeming to give in to pressure from the crowd—a way out that ends up not working.
Mateo 27:16Barabbas is described in the other gospels as an insurgent involved in riot and murder against the Roman government—the choice between him and Jesus presents a direct contrast between a violent revolutionary and someone accused, yet without any proven crime.
Mateo 27:17Offering the choice between Barabbas and Jesus may have been Pilate’s attempt to free Jesus through the amnesty tradition, hoping the crowd would prefer someone without proven violent crimes.
Mateo 27:18Pilate already recognizes that the accusation against Jesus came from the religious leaders’ envy, not from any real crime—a detail that exposes the injustice of the process even before the final verdict.
Mateo 27:19The message from Pilate’s wife, based on a disturbing dream, is a unique detail recorded only by Matthew—one more voice warning of Jesus’s innocence, this time coming from inside the governor’s own household.
Mateo 27:20The religious leaders work actively to sway the crowd into asking for Barabbas, showing that the popular decision was not spontaneous but the result of deliberate manipulation.
Mateo 27:21Pilate repeats the question, giving the crowd the chance to choose—but the pressure already applied by the religious leaders makes the outcome practically decided beforehand.
Mateo 27:22Pilate’s question about what to do with Jesus receives a unanimous, immediate answer demanding crucifixion—the crowd’s decision already seems settled, with no room for any other option.
Mateo 27:23Pilate’s question about what crime Jesus had committed gets no direct answer—the crowd simply intensifies its demand for crucifixion, without backing the accusation with concrete facts.
Mateo 27:24Washing his hands was a symbolic gesture of Jewish origin, associated with innocence before unjustly shed blood—Pilate uses this gesture to try to shift responsibility for the decision onto the crowd.
Mateo 27:25The people’s response, accepting responsibility upon themselves and their own children, has historically been used in tragic ways to justify antisemitic persecution—a reading that ignores the context of one specific crowd, not the entire Jewish people of every era.
Mateo 27:26Roman scourging was carried out with a whip of leather strips with pieces of bone or metal tied to the tips, used before crucifixion to weaken the condemned man—many people died from this punishment alone. It was a standard part of the Roman process: almost no one went to the cross without going through it first.
Mateo 27:27“Cohort” was a Roman military unit of several hundred soldiers—gathering this whole number around Jesus shows the kind of public, organized spectacle the mockery that follows would become.
Mateo 27:28The scarlet cloak, probably a red military cloak worn by Roman soldiers, mockingly imitates the royal garments a real king would wear.
Mateo 27:29The crown of thorns and the reed used as a scepter complete the mockery of Jesus’s kingship, turning the very symbols of royal honor into instruments of humiliation and physical pain.
Mateo 27:30Striking His head with the same reed that had been placed as a mock scepter intensifies the cruelty of the mockery, combining symbolic humiliation with real physical pain.
Mateo 27:31Dressing Jesus again in His own clothes, after all the mockery, sets the scene for the public crucifixion, where He would be recognized by His normal appearance, not by the costume used during the torture.
Mateo 27:32Roman soldiers had the legal right to force any person to carry a load for them—it was this same right that forced Simon, who was probably just passing along the road, to carry Jesus’s cross. The condemned man normally carried his own cross to the execution site, and Jesus, after the scourging, no longer had the strength for it.
Mateo 27:33Golgotha, “a place of a skull,” was probably located outside the walls of Jerusalem, along a busy road—crucifixion sites were deliberately chosen in visible locations, to serve as a public warning.
Mateo 27:34This bitter drink worked as a kind of rudimentary sedative, offered out of mercy to ease the pain of someone about to be crucified—other accounts of the same episode describe something similar, wine mixed with myrrh. Jesus tastes it and refuses, apparently choosing to face the suffering fully conscious, rather than numbed.
Mateo 27:35Dividing up clothing by casting lots was a common custom among Roman soldiers, who had a right to the personal belongings of those they executed—the detail fulfills a direct citation from Psalm 22.
Mateo 27:36The soldiers remain standing guard during the crucifixion, a standard practice to make sure no one tried to rescue the condemned man before death was confirmed.
Mateo 27:37The inscription above His head, stating the formal charge, was a common Roman practice in executions—it served both as a public warning and as a legal justification displayed openly for anyone passing by.
Mateo 27:38Crucifying Jesus between two common criminals, one on each side, may echo another prophetic citation from Isaiah about the suffering servant numbered among the transgressors.
Mateo 27:39“Wagging their heads” was a gesture of scorn and contempt, also used in Old Testament psalms to describe mockery directed at someone in suffering.
Mateo 27:40The mockery repeats the distorted accusation about destroying the temple, already heard at the trial—those passing by challenge Jesus to prove His own divine identity by coming down from the cross, something He chooses not to do.
Mateo 27:41The same groups that had already conspired to arrest and condemn Jesus—chief priests, scribes, elders, and now also Pharisees—join together in the public mockery, showing the extent of the hostility against Him.
Mateo 27:42The logic of the mockery is cruelly simple: they promise to believe if He comes down from the cross, but Jesus’s very mission, according to the gospel, depended precisely on His not coming down and completing the sacrifice.
Mateo 27:43The mockery quotes almost directly from Psalm 22, a psalm Jesus Himself will quote shortly on the cross—the mockers, without realizing it, use the same prophetic language that describes the very suffering they are witnessing.
Mateo 27:44Even the two criminals crucified beside Jesus join in the general mockery, according to Matthew—Luke’s account tells how one of them changes his attitude later, but Matthew focuses on the unanimous scorn at this moment.
Mateo 27:45Darkness at noon, lasting three hours, is described without scientific explanation in the text—many readers of the time would have seen it as a supernatural sign tied to divine judgment, echoing prophetic images of darkness on days of judgment.
Mateo 27:46Jesus is quoting, in Aramaic, the opening line of Psalm 22—a psalm that begins with this cry of abandonment but ends in trust, something any Jew listening would have recognized by heart. Quoting the first line of a well-known psalm often called to mind the whole psalm, but scholars disagree on how far that changes the meaning of Jesus’s cry on the cross.
Mateo 27:47The confusion of some onlookers, hearing “Eli” and thinking of “Elias,” shows how the Aramaic citation of Psalm 22 could sound phonetically similar to the prophet’s name to anyone not paying full attention.
Mateo 27:48Offering vinegar on a sponge, raised on a reed to Jesus’s mouth, may have been either a gesture of continued mockery or an attempt at momentary relief—the text does not make the exact intention clear.
Mateo 27:49The ironic expectation that Elijah would come to rescue Jesus reflects a popular belief about the prophet intervening in moments of crisis—a hope that, according to the account, is not fulfilled that way.
Mateo 27:50“Yielded up the ghost” describes Jesus’s death as a final act, not merely a passive collapse—the phrase suggests a deliberate surrender, consistent with statements elsewhere in the gospels about Him laying down His own life by His own will.
Mateo 27:51That huge, heavy curtain separated off the innermost space of the temple, where only the high priest entered, and only once a year—tearing it on purpose would have been physically difficult even for a group of strong men. The detail that it tore from top to bottom, not the other way around, is what readers of the time would have noticed: a tear like that did not look like human work.
Mateo 27:52The opening of the tombs and the resurrection of “many bodies of the saints” is a detail recorded only by Matthew among the four gospels, with no further information about who these people were or what happened to them afterward.
Mateo 27:53These resurrected people only enter the city after Jesus’s own resurrection, not immediately after His death—a detail that links this extraordinary sign directly to the central event of the Christian Easter, not to the crucifixion on its own.
Mateo 27:54The declaration of the Roman centurion, a pagan soldier and not a Jew, recognizing Jesus as “the Son of God” closes the crucifixion scene with a confession coming from a completely unexpected source.
Mateo 27:55The women who had followed Jesus from Galilee, watching from a distance, contrast with the general flight of the male disciples—they remain present as witnesses to the very end, and will go on being central witnesses in the following chapter.
Mateo 27:56Mary Magdalene appears for the first time explicitly named in Matthew’s gospel in this list—she will be the first witness of the empty tomb in the following chapter.
Mateo 27:57Joseph of Arimathea, described as rich and a disciple of Jesus, was probably a member of the very religious council that had condemned Jesus, according to the other gospels—a detail that shows unexpected support coming from within the religious elite itself.
Mateo 27:58Asking Pilate directly for the body took courage, since publicly associating himself with a man condemned for sedition could bring political risk to Joseph—but the request is granted without major obstacles.
Mateo 27:59Wrapping the body in a fine, clean linen cloth was part of the Jewish custom of preparing a body for burial, normally followed by more time and care than was possible in this case, because the sabbath was so close.
Mateo 27:60A new tomb, never yet used, and cut into the rock, was a type of burial place reserved for families with means—Joseph offers his own planned burial site for Jesus.
Mateo 27:61The two Marys remain keeping watch at the tomb even after the burial, marking the exact spot—a detail that connects directly to their return to the same place at the start of chapter 28.
Mateo 27:62“After the preparation” would already be the sabbath—the religious leaders going to Pilate on that day shows how urgent it was for them to secure the tomb, even though it was normally a day set aside for rest.
Mateo 27:63The religious leaders show they know Jesus’s own words about rising again after three days quite well, even while calling Him a “deceiver”—a concern that suggests they took seriously, at least as a practical risk, the possibility of public misunderstanding.
Mateo 27:64The fear of a “last error worse than the first” reveals that the religious leaders feared the claim of resurrection, even a false one, more than the crucifixion itself—a detail that directly sets up the accusation of fraud that will circulate in the following chapter.
Mateo 27:65“Sealing the stone” meant stretching a cord across the rock that closed the tomb and fastening it at both ends with stamped wax or clay—anyone who broke the seal would be openly defying Roman authority. The guard was a group of soldiers posted there for the very purpose of preventing the accusation the priests feared: that the disciples would come and steal the body at night.
Mateo 27:66Sealing the stone and posting a formal guard represented the full weight of Roman authority committed to making sure the tomb stayed intact—making it all the more remarkable, in the following chapter, that these precautions did not stop what happened.