Romanos 11

VBL · Chapter 11/16

1Pero entonces pregunto: “¿Acaso Dios ha rechazado a su pueblo?” ¡Por supuesto que no! Yo mismo soy israelita, de la tribu de Benjamín.

2Dios no ha rechazado a su pueblo escogido. ¿Acaso no recuerdan lo que dice la Escritura acerca de Elías? Cómo se quejó de Israel ante Dios, diciendo:

3“Señor, han matado a tus profetas y han destruido tus altares. ¡Soy el único que queda y también están tratando de matarme!”

4¿Cómo le respondió Dios? “Aun me quedan siete mil personas que no han adorado a Baal”.

5Hoy sucede exactamente lo mismo: aún quedan algunas personas fieles, escogidas por la gracia de Dios.

6Y como es por medio de la gracia, entonces claramente no se basa en lo que la gente hace, ¡de otro modo no sería gracia!

7¿Qué concluiremos, entonces? Que el pueblo de Israel no logró aquello por lo que estaba luchando. Solo los escogidos, mientras que el resto endureció su corazón.

8Como dice la Escritura: “Dios opacó sus mentes para que sus ojos no pudieran ver y sus oídos no pudieran oír, hasta el día de hoy”.

9David agrega: “Que sus fiestas se conviertan en una trampa para ellos, una red que los atrape, una tentación que traiga castigo.

10Que sus ojos se vuelvan ciegos para que no puedan ver, y que sus espaldas siempre estén dobladas de abatimiento”.

11Ahora, ¿estoy diciendo que ellos tropezaron y fracasaron por completo? ¡Por supuesto que no! Pero como resultado de sus errores, la salvación llegó a otras naciones, para “hacerlos sentir celos”.

12Ahora pues, si su fracaso beneficia al mundo, y su pérdida es de beneficio para los extranjeros, ¡cuánto más benéfico sería si ellos lograran lo que debían llegar a ser!

13Ahora déjenme hablarles a ustedes, extranjeros. En tanto que soy un misionero para los extranjeros, promuevo lo que hago

14para que de alguna manera pueda despertar celo en mi pueblo y salvar a algunos de ellos.

15Si el resultado del rechazo de Dios hacia ellos es la reconciliación del mundo con Dios, ¡entonces el resultado de la aceptación de Dios hacia ellos sería como si los muertos volvieran a vivir!

16Si la primera parte de la masa del pan es santa, también lo es todo el resto; si las raíces de un árbol son santas, entonces también lo son las ramas.

17Ahora, si algunas de las ramas han sido arrancadas, y tú—un brote silvestre de olivo—has sido injertado, y has compartido con las demás ramas el beneficio de las raíces del árbol de olivo,

18entonces no debes menospreciar a las demás ramas. Si te sientes tentado a jactarte, recuerda que no eres tu quien sustenta a las raíces, sino que las raíces te sustentan a ti.

19Podrías presumir, diciendo: “Las ramas fueron cortadas, por ello pueden injertarme a mí”.

20Todo eso estaría bien, pero estas ramas fueron cortadas por su falta de fe en Dios, y tú sigues allí por tu fe en él. De modo que no te tengas en un alto concepto, sino sé respetuoso,

21porque si Dios no perdonó a las ramas que originalmente estaban allí, a ti tampoco te perdonará.

22De modo que debes reconocer la bondad y también la dureza de Dios, pues fue duro con los caídos, pero es bondadoso contigo siempre que confíes en su bondad, de lo contrario también serías cortado.

23Si estas ramas no se niegan más a confiar en Dios, podrán ser injertadas también, porque Dios puede injertarlas nuevamente.

24Si tú pudiste ser cortado de un árbol de olivo, y luego injertado de manera artificial en un árbol de olivo cultivado, cuánto más fácilmente podrán ser injertadas nuevamente, de manera natural, las ramas de su propio árbol.

25Hermanos y hermanas, no quiero que pasen por alto esta verdad que estaba oculta anteriormente, pues de lo contrario podrían volverse arrogantes. El pueblo de Israel en parte se ha vuelto terco, hasta que se complete la venida de los extranjeros.

26Así es como Israel se salvará. Como dice la Escritura: “El Salvador vendrá de Sión, y él hará volver a Jacob de su rebeldía contra Dios.

27Mi promesa para ellos es que borraré sus pecados”.

28Aunque ellos son enemigos de la buena noticia, —y esto los beneficia a ustedes—aún son el pueblo escogido y amado por causa de sus ancestros.

29Los dones de Dios y su llamado no pueden retirarse.

30En un tiempo ustedes desobedecieron a Dios, pero ahora Dios les ha mostrado misericordia como resultado de la desobediencia de ellos.

31De la misma manera que ellos ahora son desobedientes como lo eran ustedes, a ellos también se les mostrará misericordia como la que ustedes recibieron.

32Porque Dios trató a todos como prisioneros por causa de su desobediencia, a fin de poder ser misericordioso con todos.

33¡Oh cuán profundas son las riquezas, la sabiduría y el conocimiento de Dios! ¡Cuán increíbles son sus decisiones, y cuán extraordinarios son sus métodos!

34¿Quién puede conocer los pensamientos de Dios? ¿Quién puede darle consejo?

35¿Quién le ha dado alguna vez a Dios algo que luego él tuviera la obligación de pagárselo?

36Todo proviene de él, todo existe por medio de él, y todo es para él. ¡Gloria a Dios para siempre, amén!

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Paul assures that God has not totally rejected Israel, citing himself as an example of a faithful remnant. He uses the image of an olive tree, into which Gentile branches were grafted, and states that one day all Israel will be saved.

Explanation

Paul concludes his reflection on Israel with hope: the present rejection is neither permanent nor total. The image of the olive tree (the tree of Israel, with natural branches broken off through unbelief and Gentile branches grafted in by faith) teaches humility to Gentiles: they did not replace Israel but were included in the same tree, sustained by the same root. The chapter ends with a hymn of praise to God's unsearchable wisdom, acknowledging that not everything in the divine plan can be fully grasped by the human mind — an invitation to trust, not to spiritual arrogance.

Fun facts

  • The process of 'grafting' wild olive branches onto cultivated trees was actually practiced in ancient Mediterranean agriculture, though usually the reverse of what Paul describes (the common practice was to graft a good branch onto a wild tree) — a detail Paul may use on purpose, to underscore just how extraordinary the grace that includes the Gentiles really is.
  • The quotation 'there shall come out of Sion the Deliverer' (verse 26) combines texts from Isaiah 59:20-21 and 27:9, a technique common among first-century Jewish writers of blending related passages into a single quotation.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Romanos 11:1Paul asks the question that closes the hard argument of chapter 9: has God rejected His people for good? He offers himself as proof of the opposite, being a Jew from the tribe of Benjamin and yet a believer in Christ.
  2. Romanos 11:2He reinforces the denial by citing the story of Elias, a prophet who also mistakenly believed he was alone and that God had given up on Israel.
  3. Romanos 11:3He cites Elias's complaint to God, recorded in 1 Kings: with the prophets killed and the altars torn down, he believed he was the last faithful one left, a target for persecution.
  4. Romanos 11:4Baal was the god of rain and fertility worshiped by Israel's neighboring peoples, and “bowing the knee” was the physical gesture of worship before an idol. The quotation, from 1 Kings, recalls the prophet Elias, who thought he was the only one still faithful to God and is corrected: there was a hidden group that had never given in.
  5. Romanos 11:5Just as in Elias's day, Paul says a faithful group always remains, a “remnant,” even when the majority seems to have drifted away — and this remnant still exists now, by God's choosing, not by its own merit.
  6. Romanos 11:6He explains why he insists so much on the word “grace”: if it depends on grace, it cannot depend on effort at the same time, because mixing the two would cancel out the meaning of each.
  7. Romanos 11:7He sums up what Israel was seeking, a righteousness based on works, but did not obtain; only a chosen group succeeded, while the rest were hardened.
  8. Romanos 11:8He cites a combination of Old Testament texts (Isaiah and Deuteronomy) describing this hardening as something permitted by God: eyes that should not see, ears that should not hear.
  9. Romanos 11:9He cites Psalm 69, from David, asking that even good things, like a bountiful table, become a snare for his enemies — used here to describe Israel's situation.
  10. Romanos 11:10He continues the same quotation from the psalm: darkened eyes and a bowed back, an image of spiritual blindness and heavy burden.
  11. Romanos 11:11Another question in the letter's familiar style: did Israel stumble in order to fall for good? No — their fall opened the way for salvation to reach the Gentiles, which, in turn, should stir up jealousy in Israel.
  12. Romanos 11:12A “how much more” argument: if even Israel's fall brought spiritual riches to the world, their full restoration will bring even greater riches.
  13. Romanos 11:13Paul addresses the Gentile readers directly, making clear his specific role as an apostle sent to them, and he values this calling for a reason he reveals in the next verse.
  14. Romanos 11:14The reason is to stir up jealousy in his own Jewish kinsmen, hoping this will help save at least some of them.
  15. Romanos 11:15He repeats the “how much more” argument from verse 12 in another way: if Israel's rejection already brought reconciliation to the world, their being accepted back would be like a resurrection.
  16. Romanos 11:16“Firstfruit,” the first portion offered to God, and “lump,” the rest of the dough from the same batch, form a comparison with “root” and “branches” of a tree: if the source is consecrated, what comes from it carries the same mark. This sets up the image of the olive tree that comes in the next verse.
  17. Romanos 11:17The “wild olive tree” produces lower-quality olives; grafting one of its branches into a cultivated olive tree was normally the opposite of what was done in the farming of that time, since the usual practice was grafting the good into the wild. Paul uses this reversal on purpose: the non-Jews, the wild branch, were fitted into a root that was not originally theirs, receiving the same sap that sustained the people of Israel.
  18. Romanos 11:18He introduces the olive tree image that will dominate the rest of the chapter: the Gentiles, compared to a grafted branch, have no reason to boast before the natural branches, because it is the root that sustains the branch, never the other way around.
  19. Romanos 11:19Paul anticipates an arrogant reply a Gentile reader might give: “The branches were broken off, that I might be graffed in,” as if that were reason for superiority.
  20. Romanos 11:20He corrects that arrogance: the branches were broken off for lack of faith, and whoever stands in their place stands there by faith, not by merit — a reason to fear, not to boast.
  21. Romanos 11:21The warning becomes more direct: if God did not spare the natural branches when they failed, there is no automatic guarantee He will spare the grafted branch.
  22. Romanos 11:22He describes the two sides of God revealed in this process: severity toward those who fell, goodness toward those who remain in it — with no perpetual guarantee, because whoever drifts away can also be cut off.
  23. Romanos 11:23On the other side, the door is not closed forever: if those who fell abandon their unbelief, God has power to graft them back in.
  24. Romanos 11:24He reinforces this point with a comparison: if the Gentiles, a graft “contrary to nature” into an olive tree that was not originally theirs, have already been accepted, it is even more natural for the original branches to return to their own tree.
  25. Romanos 11:25A “secret,” or mystery, is something only God knew and now reveals — it is not a riddle to decode, it is new information being delivered. Paul describes something temporary, a partial resistance among part of the Jewish people, set to last only up to a certain point, without spelling out the exact timeline here.
  26. Romanos 11:26This is one of the most debated lines in the book: some readings take “Israel” to mean the Jewish people as a whole, others read it as the entire community of faith, Jews and Gentiles together. Paul moves straight into a quotation from Isaiah about a deliverer coming out of Sion, without pausing to settle this ambiguity.
  27. Romanos 11:27He continues the quotation begun in the previous verse (Isaiah): the covenant promised to Israel specifically includes the removal of the people's sins.
  28. Romanos 11:28He describes Israel's paradoxical situation: hostile to the gospel for now, which benefited the Gentiles, but still beloved because of the ancient promise made to the patriarchs.
  29. Romanos 11:29He explains why this promise still stands despite the current rejection: God's gifts and calling are not canceled when He changes His mind, because He does not change His mind about them.
  30. Romanos 11:30Paul draws a parallel between Gentiles and Jews: just as the Gentiles were once disobedient and have now received mercy,
  31. Romanos 11:31the same pattern repeats in reverse: now it is Israel's turn to be in disobedience, so that they too may later receive mercy, the same way the Gentiles did.
  32. Romanos 11:32He sums up the argument of chapters 9 through 11: God allowed everyone, Jews and Gentiles, to fall into disobedience, precisely so He could show mercy to all, without exception.
  33. Romanos 11:33After such a complex argument, Paul bursts into praise: God's logic and plans, revealed here only in part, are still too deep to be fully understood.
  34. Romanos 11:34He cites Isaiah to reinforce this human limitation: no one has full access to the mind of God to the point of counseling or correcting Him.
  35. Romanos 11:35He cites the book of Job: no one gave God anything first that would put Him in the position of owing something back, because everything already comes from Him.
  36. Romanos 11:36He closes the letter's theological block (chapters 1 through 11) with a brief doxology: everything originates from, is sustained by, and exists for God, and that is what deserves eternal glory.

Chapters

Our apps

Our apps →

Bible in Stories

The Bible told as a story, with audio and videos.

📱 Get the app

World in Stories

True stories of humanity that sound made up.

Feito! Pequenas Vitórias

A light daily routine for people who lose track of the day.