2 Samuel 1

VBL · Chapter 1/24

1Después de la muerte de Saúl, David volvió de atacar a los amalecitas, y se quedó en Siclag durante dos días.

2Al tercer día llegó un hombre del campamento de Saúl. Sus ropas estaban rasgadas y traía polvo sobre la cabeza. Y cuando se acercó a David, se inclinó ante él y se postró en el suelo en señal de respeto.

3“¿De dónde vienes?” le preguntó David.

4“Cuéntame qué pasó”, le preguntó David.

5“¿Cómo sabes que murieron Saúl y Jonatán?” le preguntó David al hombre que daba el informe.

6“Casualmente estaba allí, en el monte Gilboa”, respondió. “Vi a Saúl, apoyado en su lanza, con los carros enemigos y los auriculares avanzando hacia él.

7Se volvió y me vio. Me llamó y le respondí: ‘Estoy aquí para ayudar’.

8“Me preguntó: ‘¿Quién eres tú?’

9“Entonces me dijo: ‘¡Por favor, ven aquí y mátame! Estoy sufriendo una terrible agonía, pero la vida aún resiste’.

10“Así que me acerqué a él y lo maté, porque sabía que, herido como estaba, no aguantaría mucho tiempo. Le quité la corona de la cabeza y el brazalete del brazo, y te los he traído aquí, mi señor”.

11Entonces David se agarró su ropa y la rasgó, así como lo habían hecho sus hombres.

12Se lamentaron, lloraron y ayunaron hasta la noche por Saúl y su hijo Jonatán, y por el ejército del Señor, los israelitas, que habían muerto a espada.

13David preguntó al hombre que le trajo el informe: “¿De dónde eres?”

14“¿Por qué no te preocupaste por matar al ungido del Señor?” preguntó David.

15David llamó a uno de sus hombres y le dijo: “¡Adelante, mátalo!”. Así que el hombre cortó al amalecita y lo mató.

16David le dijo al amalecita: “Tu muerte es culpa tuya, porque has testificado contra ti mismo al decir: ‘Yo maté al ungido del Señor’”.

17Entonces David cantó este lamento por Saúl y su hijo Jonatán.

18Ordenó que se enseñara al pueblo de Judá. Se llama “el Arco” y está registrado en el Libro de los Justos:

19“Israel, el glorioso yace muerto en tus montañas. ¡Cómo han caído los poderosos!

20No lo anuncies en la ciudad de Gat, no lo proclames en las calles de Ascalón, para que las mujeres filisteas no se alegren, para que las mujeres paganas no lo celebren.

21¡Montes de Gilboa, que no caiga rocío ni lluvia sobre ustedes! Que no tengas campos que produzcan ofrendas de grano. Porque allí fue profanado el escudo de los poderosos; el escudo de Saúl, ya no se cuida con aceite de oliva.

22Jonatán con su arco no se retiró de atacar al enemigo; Saúl con su espada no regresó con las manos vacías de derramar sangre.

23Durante su vida, Saúl y Jonatán fueron muy queridos y agradables, y la muerte no los dividió. Eran más rápidos que las águilas, más fuertes que los leones.

24Mujeres de Israel, lloren por Saúl, que les ha dado ropas finas de color escarlata adornadas con adornos de oro.

25¡Cómo han caído los poderosos en la batalla! Jonatán yace muerto en vuestros montes.

26¡Lloro tanto por ti, hermano mío Jonatán! ¡Eras tan querido para mí! Tu amor por mí era tan maravilloso, más grande que el amor de las mujeres.

27¡Cómo han caído los poderosos! ¡Las armas de la guerra han desaparecido!”

📖 Chapter study

Summary

An Amalekite arrives at David's camp in Ziklag claiming to have killed Saul and brings his crown. David orders his execution for having raised his hand against the Lord's anointed, and then sings a lament (the "Song of the Bow") for Saul and Jonathan.

Explanation

The deaths of Saul and Jonathan in the battle of Mount Gilboa bring Israel's first monarchy to an end. The Amalekite lies, hoping for a reward, but David shows that he does not celebrate an enemy's downfall nor tolerate violence against the authority established by God. The lament that follows is one of the most beautiful poems in the Bible: even though he had been persecuted by Saul, David honors his memory and his deep friendship with Jonathan. Today this teaches that one can have integrity and generosity of heart even toward those who have wronged us.

Fun facts

  • David's lament is called the 'Song of the Bow' and, according to the text, was taught to the people of Judah, showing that it was part of a now-lost book, the 'Book of Jasher' (also mentioned in Joshua 10).
  • The phrase 'how the mighty have fallen' repeats as a refrain throughout the poem, a common Hebrew poetic device used to mark public mourning.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 2 Samuel 1:1David returns victorious from the fight against the Amalekites who had raided Ziklag and stays there two days—right around the time Saul dies in the war against the Philistines, told in 1 Samuel 31.
  2. 2 Samuel 1:2A man comes running from Saul’s camp with his clothes torn and dirt on his head, traditional signs of mourning and defeat, and bows down before David.
  3. 2 Samuel 1:3David asks where he has come from, and the man answers that he escaped from the army of Israel—the first clue that the battle had been lost.
  4. 2 Samuel 1:4The messenger tells him the worst of it: the people fled, many fell dead in battle, and among them were Saul himself and his son Jonathan.
  5. 2 Samuel 1:5Before reacting to the news, David wants confirmation: he asks how the young man knows for certain that Saul and Jonathan are dead.
  6. 2 Samuel 1:6The young man says he happened to arrive at Mount Gilboa and saw Saul leaning on his own spear, already surrounded by enemy chariots and horsemen.
  7. 2 Samuel 1:7Saul looks back, sees the young man, and calls him over—the start of the account of how the Amalekite claims he helped the wounded king die.
  8. 2 Samuel 1:8Saul asks who he is; he answers that he is an Amalekite, a foreigner who happened to be near the battlefield.
  9. 2 Samuel 1:9Still alive but badly wounded, Saul asks the Amalekite to kill him, saying that anguish has already taken hold of him, but life has not yet fully left him.
  10. 2 Samuel 1:10The Amalekite tells David a different version of Saul’s death—in 1 Samuel 31 the king himself falls on his own sword without anyone’s help. The messenger likely invented the story, hoping for a reward for killing David’s enemy, but the lie ends up costing him his life.
  11. 2 Samuel 1:11As soon as he hears the news, David tears his own clothes in mourning, and all the men with him do the same.
  12. 2 Samuel 1:12David and his men weep, mourn, and fast until evening for Saul, for Jonathan, for the people of the LORD, and for the house of Israel who fell in battle.
  13. 2 Samuel 1:13David again asks the messenger where he is from, and he confirms he is the son of a foreigner, an Amalekite.
  14. 2 Samuel 1:14David rebukes the man: how was he not afraid to stretch out his hand to destroy “the LORD’s anointed,” that is, the king God had chosen?
  15. 2 Samuel 1:15David orders one of his men to kill the Amalekite on the spot, on the strength of his own confession, and he strikes him down.
  16. 2 Samuel 1:16David has the messenger killed on the strength of his own confession of having raised his hand against “the LORD’s anointed”—even if the story was invented, publicly claiming to have killed an anointed king was capital crime enough for David.
  17. 2 Samuel 1:17David composes a lament—a song of mourning—for Saul and Jonathan; the text that follows is that very song.
  18. 2 Samuel 1:18The “book of Jasher” is cited here as the source of the poem, but that book has not survived to this day—it is one of several ancient works mentioned in passing in the Bible that were lost over time.
  19. 2 Samuel 1:19The lament opens mourning “the beauty of Israel” slain on the heights, a poetic way of saying that the king and the prince fell there.
  20. 2 Samuel 1:20David asks that the news not be announced in the Philistine cities of Gath and Ashkelon, so the enemy women will not celebrate Israel’s defeat.
  21. 2 Samuel 1:21David curses the mountains of Gilboa, asking that dew and rain never fall there again, because it was there that Saul’s shield was cast to the ground as if he had never been anointed king.
  22. 2 Samuel 1:22The lament exalts the strength of Saul and Jonathan in battle: Jonathan’s bow and Saul’s sword never returned without wounding the enemy.
  23. 2 Samuel 1:23David celebrates the bond between father and son: Saul and Jonathan were not divided even in death, and were swifter than eagles and stronger than lions.
  24. 2 Samuel 1:24David calls the women of Israel to weep for Saul, recalling how he clothed them in scarlet and gold ornaments in the good years of his reign.
  25. 2 Samuel 1:25The lament repeats the refrain “how are the mighty fallen,” now turning its focus to Jonathan’s death on the heights.
  26. 2 Samuel 1:26Saying that Jonathan’s love was more wonderful than “the love of women” is the language of covenant and loyal friendship between warriors—the kind of deep political and personal bond that united two men who had sworn mutual protection. Nothing in the text points to another reading beyond this covenant friendship.
  27. 2 Samuel 1:27The lament closes by repeating the same cry: “how are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished.”

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