1 Corintios 15

VBL · Chapter 15/16

1Ahora quiero recordarles sobre la buena nueva que les anuncié. Ustedes la aceptaron y se han mantenido firmes en ella.

2Por medio de esta buena noticia es que ustedes son salvos, si se aferran al mensaje que les di. ¡De lo contrario, habrán creído sin propósito alguno!

3Yo les di lo que yo mismo también recibí, un mensaje de vital importancia: que Cristo murió por nuestros pecados, conforme dice la Escritura;

4fue sepultado y resucitó de los muertos el tercer día, conforme dice la Escritura también.

5Se le apareció a Pedro, y después a los doce.

6Después de eso, se le apareció a más de cinco mil hermanos y hermanas al mismo tiempo, muchos de los cuales aún viven, aunque algunos murieron ya.

7Se le apareció a Santiago, luego a todos los apóstoles.

8Al final, se me apareció a mí también, que nací como en el tiempo equivocado.

9Porque soy el menos importante de todos los apóstoles, ni siquiera adecuado para ser llamado apóstol, siendo que perseguí a la iglesia de Dios.

10Pero por la gracia de Dios soy lo que soy, y su gracia por mí no fue desperdiciada. Por el contrario, he trabajado con más esfuerzo que todos ellos, aunque no fui yo, sino la gracia de Dios obrando en mí.

11Así que no importa si soy yo o son ellos, este es el mensaje que compartimos con ustedes y que los llevó a creer en Dios.

12Ahora, si el mensaje declara que Cristo resucitó de los muertos, ¿cómo es que algunos de ustedes dicen que no hay resurrección de los muertos?

13Si no hubiera resurrección de los muertos, entonces Cristo tampoco ha resucitado.

14Y si Cristo no resucitó, entonces nuestro mensaje es en vano, y su fe en Dios también lo es.

15Además, seríamos falsos testigos de Dios al decir que Dios levantó a Cristo de los muertos. Pero si es cierto que no hay resurrección, entonces Dios no levantó a Cristo de los muertos.

16Y si los muertos no resucitan, entonces Cristo no resucitó tampoco,

17y si Cristo no fue resucitado, la fe de ustedes en Dios es inútil, y todavía siguen en sus pecados.

18Esto también significa que los que murieron en Cristo están perdidos.

19Y si nuestra esperanza en Cristo solo es para esta vida, nadie es más digno de lástima que nosotros.

20Pero Cristo fue levantado de los muertos, las primicias de la cosecha de los que han muerto.

21Así como la muerte vino por un hombre, la resurrección de los muertos también vino por un hombre.

22Así como en Adán todos mueren, también en Cristo todos serán resucitados.

23Pero cada uno a su tiempo: Cristo como las primicias, y luego los que pertenecen a Cristo, cuando él venga.

24Después de esto vendrá el fin, cuando Cristo entregue el reino al Padre, después de haber destruido a todos los gobernantes, autoridades y potencias.

25Cristo tiene que gobernar hasta que haya puesto a todos sus enemigos bajo sus pies.

26El último enemigo que será destruido es la muerte.

27Como dice la Escritura: “Él puso todo bajo sus pies”. (Por supuesto, cuando dice que “todo” está bajo sus pies, es obvio que no se refiere a Dios, quien puso todo bajo la autoridad de Cristo).

28Cuando todo haya sido puesto bajo la autoridad de Cristo, entonces el Hijo también se pondrá bajo la autoridad de Dios, para que Dios, quien le dio autoridad al Hijo sobre todas las cosas, pueda ser todo en todas las cosas.

29De otro modo, ¿qué harán las personas que son bautizadas por los muertos? Si los muertos no resucitan, ¿por qué bautizar a la gente por ellos?

30En cuanto a nosotros, ¿por qué nos exponemos al peligro en todo momento?

31Déjenme decirles claramente, mis hermanos y hermanas: Yo muero cada día. Y esto es tan seguro como el orgullo que tengo por lo que Cristo ha hecho en ustedes.

32Humanamente hablando, ¿qué ganaría yo discutiendo con las personas que están en Éfeso, que son como bestias salvajes, si los muertos no resucitan? Si es así, entonces “¡comamos y bebamos, que mañana moriremos”!

33No se dejen engañar: “las malas compañías dañan el buen carácter”.

34¡Recobren la razón y dejen de pecar! Algunos entre ustedes no conocen a Dios. Y les digo esto para avergonzarlos.

35Por supuesto, alguno preguntará: “¿Cómo resucitan los muertos? ¿Qué tipo de cuerpo tendrán?”

36¡Cuán necia es esta pregunta! Lo que sembramos no germina a menos que muera.

37Cuando ustedes siembran, no siembran la planta como esta es al crecer, sino la semilla solamente, ya sea trigo o cualquier otra semilla que estén sembrando.

38Dios hace que la planta crezca de la manera que él lo ha determinado, y cada semilla produce plantas distintas, con diferentes formas.

39Los seres vivos están hechos de diferentes formas. Los seres humanos tienen un tipo de tejido en sus cuerpos, mientras que los animales tienen otro, las aves otro, y los peces, otro.

40Hay cuerpos celestiales y cuerpos terrenales. Los cuerpos celestiales tienen un tipo de belleza, mientras que los cuerpos terrenales tienen otro tipo.

41El sol brilla de una manera, la luna de otra manera, mientras que las estrellas también son diferentes, cada una brillando de manera distinta.

42Lo mismo ocurre con la resurrección de los muertos. El cuerpo es enterrado en descomposición, pero es resucitado para perdurar eternamente.

43Es sembrado con tristeza, pero es levantado en gloria. Es enterrado en debilidad, pero es levantado en poder.

44Es enterrado como un cuerpo natural, pero es levantado como un cuerpo espiritual. Pues así como hay cuerpos naturales, también hay cuerpos espirituales.

45Como dice la Escritura: “El primer hombre, Adán, se convirtió en un ser vivo;” pero el último Adán, en un espíritu que da vida.

46El Adán espiritual no vino primero, sino el natural. El Adán espiritual vino después.

47El primer hombre vino del polvo de la tierra; el segundo vino del cielo.

48Las personas terrenales son como el hombre hecho de la tierra; las personas celestiales son como el hombre que vino del cielo.

49Así como heredamos la semejanza del hombre terrenal, también heredaremos la semejanza del hombre celestial.

50No obstante, les digo, mis hermanos y hermanas: nuestros cuerpos presentes no pueden heredar el reino de Dios. Estos cuerpos mortales no pueden heredar lo eterno.

51Escuchen, voy a revelarles un misterio: No todos moriremos, pero todos seremos transformados,

52en un momento, en un abrir y cerrar de un ojo, al sonido de la última trompeta. Esta sonará, y los muertos serán levantados para no morir más, y nosotros seremos transformados.

53Porque este cuerpo corruptible debe vestirse de un cuerpo incorruptible. Esta vida mortal debe vestirse de inmortalidad.

54Cuando este cuerpo corruptible se haya vestido de un cuerpo incorruptible, y esta vida mortal se haya vestido de inmortalidad, entonces se cumplirá lo que dice la Escritura: “La muerte ha sido completamente conquistada y destruida.

55Muerte, ¿dónde está tu victoria? ¿Dónde está tu aguijón”?

56El aguijón que causa la muerte es el pecado; y el poder del pecado es la ley;

57pero alabemos a Dios, quien nos da la victoria por medio de nuestro Señor Jesucristo.

58Así que, mis queridos hermanos y hermanas: sean fuertes, permanezcan firmes, haciendo todo lo que puedan por la obra del Señor, pues saben que ninguna cosa que hagan por él es en vano.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Paul presents the core of the gospel: Christ died, was buried, and rose again on the third day, appearing to a number of witnesses. He firmly defends the reality of believers' future resurrection, explaining what the resurrected body will be like.

Explanation

Some in Corinth doubted the resurrection of the dead, possibly influenced by Greek philosophy, which prized the soul and viewed the body as something inferior or disposable. Paul argues that without resurrection, the whole of the Christian faith loses its meaning: if Christ has not risen, preaching is in vain and Christians would still be in their sins. He then describes the resurrection using the analogy of a seed that dies in the ground and sprouts as a new plant — the resurrected body will be real, but transformed, 'spiritual,' and imperishable. The final victory over death is celebrated with triumphant language, quoting Hosea and Isaiah. For today's reader, this chapter upholds the central hope of the Christian faith: death is not the end, and a glorious transformation is reserved for those who are in Christ.

Fun facts

  • The list of witnesses to the resurrection, including 'above five hundred brethren at once' (v. 6), many still alive when Paul wrote, served as an implicit invitation for the Corinthians to check the accounts with real eyewitnesses.
  • The expression 'O death, where is thy sting?' (v. 55) quotes Hosea 13:14, joining Old Testament prophecy with the victory of Christ proclaimed in the New Testament.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Corintios 15:1Paul opens the letter’s key chapter by reminding them of the basic gospel already preached — the foundation of their faith, which needs to be revisited because some Corinthians doubted the resurrection (v. 12).
  2. 1 Corintios 15:2Salvation depends on standing firm in this gospel just as it was preached — Paul already warns that if they abandon the idea of the resurrection, they will have believed “in vain.”
  3. 1 Corintios 15:3“According to the scriptures” shows that Paul is passing on a formula of faith he himself received from others before him: the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ were already being taught as a fixed summary of the Christian message very early on.
  4. 1 Corintios 15:4Continues Christianity’s oldest creed, quoted by Paul: after dying, Christ was buried and rose again on the third day, all “according to the scriptures” — fulfilling prophecies, not an isolated event.
  5. 1 Corintios 15:5Lists the first appearances of the risen Jesus: first to Peter (Cephas), then to the twelve apostles — named witnesses that any skeptical Corinthian could, in theory, go check.
  6. 1 Corintios 15:6Cites a mass appearance, to more than 500 people at once, most of them still alive when Paul writes — an implicit invitation for any doubter to go ask these witnesses.
  7. 1 Corintios 15:7The list continues: James, Jesus’s brother, who wasn’t a disciple before the resurrection, and then all the apostles — reinforcing that the testimony didn’t come from just one person.
  8. 1 Corintios 15:8“One born out of due time” is a strong phrase Paul uses to describe himself, someone born at the wrong moment. He saw himself as the last and least prepared of the apostles, since he only met Jesus after the resurrection, and in an abrupt way.
  9. 1 Corintios 15:9Paul includes himself in the list of witnesses (v. 8) with humility: he considers himself the least of the apostles, not even worthy of that title, for having persecuted the church before believing.
  10. 1 Corintios 15:10But he credits everything he is to God’s grace, not to his own merit — even having worked harder than the other apostles, he attributes that effort to grace working in him.
  11. 1 Corintios 15:11It doesn’t matter who preaches, Paul or the other apostles: the message is the same, and it was this message, resurrection included, that the Corinthians believed from the beginning.
  12. 1 Corintios 15:12Gets to the chapter’s real problem: some in the Corinthian church denied that there was any such thing as resurrection of the dead, even while accepting that Christ had risen — a contradiction Paul takes apart.
  13. 1 Corintios 15:13The first logical consequence: if there’s no such thing as resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ could have risen, because He too was among the dead.
  14. 1 Corintios 15:14A second, even more serious consequence: if Christ hasn’t risen, then all of Paul’s preaching and all of the Corinthians’ faith are worthless — they’re empty.
  15. 1 Corintios 15:15A third consequence: the apostles themselves, including Paul, would have lied about God, claiming something that never happened — a serious accusation against their testimony.
  16. 1 Corintios 15:16Repeats the argument in reverse order to reinforce it: denying the resurrection of the dead in general necessarily means denying Christ’s specific resurrection too.
  17. 1 Corintios 15:17A fourth consequence: without the resurrection, faith has no power at all, and the Corinthians would still be stuck in their own sins, with no real solution.
  18. 1 Corintios 15:18A fifth, very personal consequence: all the Christians who have already died (“fallen asleep in Christ”) would simply be lost, with no hope beyond death.
  19. 1 Corintios 15:19Sums it up with a harsh line: if the Christian hope were good only for this life, with nothing after it, Christians would be the most pitiable people in the world.
  20. 1 Corintios 15:20After the chain of “if there were no resurrection,” Paul turns the argument around: but Christ has in fact risen, and He is the “firstfruits” — the first fruit that guarantees the harvest of those who will come after.
  21. 1 Corintios 15:21Explains with a comparison: just as death entered the world through one man (Adam), the resurrection also comes through one man (Christ) — an answer to the problem created by the fall.
  22. 1 Corintios 15:22Paul compares Adam and Christ as two representative heads of humanity: just as death entered through everyone’s connection to Adam, new life comes through connection to Christ.
  23. 1 Corintios 15:23Describes the order of events: first Christ rose; then, at His coming, those who belong to Him will also rise — it doesn’t all happen at once, there’s a sequence.
  24. 1 Corintios 15:24After that comes the end, when Christ hands over the kingdom to God the Father, having defeated every power and force that opposed Him — the final climax of the plan.
  25. 1 Corintios 15:25Explains why Christ must reign until that moment: His mission includes putting all enemies under His feet, fulfilling a promise the Psalms had already spoken of.
  26. 1 Corintios 15:26Identifies which of these enemies is the last one to be defeated: death itself — the central subject that drove the whole discussion of the chapter.
  27. 1 Corintios 15:27Quotes a psalm to confirm that everything has been placed under Christ’s authority, with an obvious exception: God Himself, who gave that authority, isn’t included among the things subject to Him.
  28. 1 Corintios 15:28In the end, the Son Himself submits to the authority of God the Father, so that God may be recognized as all in all — the final goal of the whole story.
  29. 1 Corintios 15:29“Baptized for the dead” is one of the most obscure verses in the New Testament — it seems to describe a custom among some Corinthians of being baptized on behalf of relatives who died without baptism. Paul only mentions the practice in passing, without explaining or approving it, so no one can be fully certain what it was.
  30. 1 Corintios 15:30After discussing the eternal plan, Paul returns to the present: why would he and the other apostles keep risking their lives constantly if there were no hope of resurrection after death?
  31. 1 Corintios 15:31Reinforces it with a strong personal statement: he faces mortal danger every day because of the apostolic work among the Corinthians — it wouldn’t make sense without the certainty of the resurrection.
  32. 1 Corintios 15:32“I have fought with beasts at Ephesus” is probably an image for the violent opponents Paul faced there, not a literal fight in the arena. The next line, “let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die,” is a quotation of a Greek saying that sums up a life with no hope of resurrection.
  33. 1 Corintios 15:33Quotes a popular Greek proverb as a warning: bad company, probably those in the church who denied the resurrection, corrupts the good character of those who spend time with them.
  34. 1 Corintios 15:34Calls on them to come back to their senses and stop sinning, because some people in the church simply didn’t know God well — a direct rebuke, meant on purpose to cause shame.
  35. 1 Corintios 15:35Anticipates the practical objection of doubters: how exactly do the dead rise, and with what kind of body would they come back?
  36. 1 Corintios 15:36A direct, slightly sharp answer: he calls the question “foolish” and uses farming as his answer — a seed only produces new life after it “dies” (is planted and decomposes).
  37. 1 Corintios 15:37Continues the image: what is planted isn’t the final plant, just a plain seed, like a grain of wheat — the resurrected body will be different from the current one, just as the plant is different from the seed.
  38. 1 Corintios 15:38God decides the shape of each body, just as He decides the shape of each seed — an argument against the idea that the resurrected body would need to be identical to the current one.
  39. 1 Corintios 15:39Not all “flesh” is the same: humans, animals, fish, and birds have different kinds of bodies — showing that existing in varied bodily forms is already a normal part of God’s creation.
  40. 1 Corintios 15:40Besides earthly bodies, there are also heavenly bodies (the sun, moon, and stars, in the thinking of that time), each with its own kind of “glory,” or brightness.
  41. 1 Corintios 15:41Continues the example: the sun, moon, and stars shine differently from one another — an analogy to say that the resurrected body will also have its own glory, different from the current one.
  42. 1 Corintios 15:42Applies the whole analogy directly to the resurrection: the body is sown (buried) in corruption, subject to decay, but it rises in incorruption, no longer subject to decay.
  43. 1 Corintios 15:43Continues the contrasts: sown in dishonor (the decay of death), it rises in glory; sown in weakness, it rises full of strength.
  44. 1 Corintios 15:44A final contrast: sown as a natural body, subject to physical limitations, it rises as a spiritual body — different, but still a real body, not just a formless soul.
  45. 1 Corintios 15:45Quotes Genesis to compare Adam and Christ: the first Adam became an ordinary living soul; the “last Adam” (Christ) became a life-giving spirit.
  46. 1 Corintios 15:46Explains the order: first comes the natural body, ordinary physical life, and only afterward comes the spiritual, the resurrected body — the sequence matters to Paul’s argument.
  47. 1 Corintios 15:47Contrasts the origin of the two: the first man (Adam) came from the earth, earthy; the second man (Christ) came from heaven.
  48. 1 Corintios 15:48Just as ordinary people share Adam’s earthly nature, those who belong to Christ will share His heavenly nature.
  49. 1 Corintios 15:49Just as we carry the “image” of the earthly man (Adam) in this life, one day we will carry the image of the heavenly man (Christ) at the resurrection.
  50. 1 Corintios 15:50Explains why transformation has to happen: the current physical body, subject to decay, can’t simply enter God’s eternal kingdom without change — a new kind of existence is needed.
  51. 1 Corintios 15:51Reveals something new (a “mystery”): not all believers will die before the end, but everyone, living or dead, will be transformed at that final moment.
  52. 1 Corintios 15:52“Mystery” here is something only God could reveal: that not everyone will die, but everyone will be transformed in an instant, “at the last trump,” language of final victory over death.
  53. 1 Corintios 15:53Explains the need for this transformation: the mortal body, subject to decay, must “put on” something immortal and incorruptible in order to last forever.
  54. 1 Corintios 15:54When this transformation finally happens, Isaiah’s prophecy will be fulfilled: death will be decisively “swallowed up” in victory — the climax of the chapter’s argument.
  55. 1 Corintios 15:55A triumphant quotation from the prophet Hosea, almost a shout of mockery at death: “O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory?”
  56. 1 Corintios 15:56Explains why death had that “sting”: it comes from sin, and sin gains its power precisely through the law, which exposes disobedience without giving anyone the power to overcome it alone.
  57. 1 Corintios 15:57A response of gratitude to the whole problem of the chapter: it’s through Jesus Christ that God gives the victory over death and sin, resolving what the law alone couldn’t.
  58. 1 Corintios 15:58The chapter’s practical conclusion: since the resurrection is certain, the Corinthians should stand firm and keep working for the Lord, knowing that this effort is never wasted.

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