Marcos 13

VBL · Chapter 13/16

1Cuando Jesús salía del Templo, uno de sus discípulos le dijo: “¡Maestro, mira toda esa cantidad de piedras y esas magníficas edificaciones!”

2“¿Ves todos eso?” le respondió Jesús. “No quedará piedra sobre piedra. Todo será derribado”.

3Al sentarse en el Monte de los Olivos, mirando el Templo, Pedro, Santiago, Juan y Andrés le preguntaron en privado:

4“Dinos cuándo ocurrirá esto. ¿Cuál es la señal de que todo esto está a punto de cumplirse?”

5Jesús comenzó a decirles: “No dejen que nadie los engañe.

6Muchos vendrán en mi nombre, diciendo: ‘Yo soy el Cristo’. Así engañarán a muchas personas.

7No se asusten cuando escuchen de guerras aquí y allá. Estas cosas deben suceder pero este no es el fin.

8Las naciones pelearán unas contra otras, y los reinos unos contra otros. Habrá terremotos en diferentes lugres y también hambrunas. Estos son los comienzos de los dolores de parto que sufrirá el mundo.

9“¡Cuídense! Ellos los entregarán a ustedes a las cortes para ser juzgados. Ustedes serán golpeados en las sinagogas. Y por mi causa ustedes tendrán que estar en pie frente a gobernantes y reyes, y ustedes les testificarán.

10“Y es necesario que primero se anuncie la Buena Noticia en toda nación.

11Cuando ellos vengan a arrestarlos y juzgarlos, no se preocupen por lo que vayan a decir. Digan lo que se les diga en ese momento, porque no serán ustedes los que hablen, sino el Espíritu Santo.

12“El hermano entregará a su hermano a la muerte, y el padre entregará a su hijo. Los hijos se volverán en contra de sus padres y harán que los condenen a muerte.

13Ustedes serán odiados por todos, por mi causa, pero todo el que persevere hasta el fin será salvo.

14“Pero cuando vean la ‘abominación desoladora’ en el lugar donde no debe estar (el que lee, que entienda), entonces los que estén en Judea deben correr a las montañas.

15Los que estén en el techo, no entren de regreso a la casa a buscar nada.

16Los que están afuera, en los campos, no vayan a la casa a buscar un abrigo.

17¡Cuán difícil será para las que estén embarazadas o lactando en esos días!

18Oren para que esto no ocurra durante el invierno.

19Porque estos serán días de tribulación como nunca ha habido desde el principio de la creación de Dios hasta ahora, y nunca más habrá.

20Si Dios no acortase esos días, nadie sobreviviría. Sin embargo, por causa de los que Dios ha escogido, él ha acortado esos días.

21“De modo que si alguno les dice: ‘miren, aquí está el Mesías,’ o ‘miren, está allá,’ no lo crean.

22Porque aparecerán falsos Mesías y falsos profetas, y harán milagros y maravillas para engañar, si fuese posible, a los escogidos de Dios.

23¡Tengan cuidado! Yo les he dicho todo antes de que suceda”.

24“Esto es lo que ocurrirá después de esas tribulaciones: ‘el sol se oscurecerá, la luna no brillará,

25las estrellas caerán del cielo, y los poderes en los cielos serán conmovidos’.

26“Entonces verán al Hijo del hombre venir en las nubes, con gran poder y gloria.

27Él enviará a los ángeles, y reunirá a todos sus escogidos desde donde estén, desde las partes más lejanas de la tierra hasta el punto más lejano del cielo.

28“Aprendan la lección de la higuera: cuando sus ramas crecen suaves y se caen sus hojas, ya saben que el verano está cerca.

29De la misma manera, cuando vean suceder estas cosas, ya sabrán que está cerca, ¡justo a las puertas!

30Les digo la verdad, esta generación no llegará a su fin hasta que estas cosas hayan ocurrido.

31El cielo y la tierra llegarán a su fin, pero mis enseñanzas no.

32“Nadie sabe el día ni la hora en que esto ocurrirá, ni siquiera los ángeles que están en el cielo, ni siquiera el Hijo; solo el Padre lo sabe.

33¡Estén atentos! ¡Estén despiertos! Porque ustedes no saben cuándo sucederá esto.

34Es como un hombre que se fue de viaje. Se fue de la casa y le dio autoridad a cada uno de sus sirvientes para hacer lo que él les había dicho. Pero al portero le dijo que se mantuviera despierto.

35“Así que estén vigilantes, porque no saben en qué momento regresará el dueño de la casa. Puede ser al anochecer, a la media noche, antes del amanecer, o en la mañana.

36Más vale que no estén durmiendo si el dueño regresa sorpresivamente.

37Lo que les digo a ustedes, lo digo a todos: ¡Estén vigilantes!”

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Jesus predicts the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem and describes signs that would precede the end, including wars, persecutions, and false prophets, closing with the exhortation to watch, for no one knows the day or the hour.

Explanation

This discourse, given on the Mount of Olives facing the temple, responds to the disciples' admiration of the massive stones of the building, which would indeed be torn down by the Romans in 70 AD, fulfilling Jesus' prediction. The mention of the 'abomination of desolation... standing where it ought not' points to a desecration of the temple, a theme already present in the book of Daniel, associated both with an imminent historical crisis and with a broader pattern of spiritual crisis. Jesus repeatedly insists that no one should be deceived by false christs or despair in the face of wars and catastrophes, for these things 'must happen' before the final end. The closing parable about the master of the house who travels and leaves his servants in charge reinforces the chapter's central theme: constant watchfulness and responsibility, not anxious calculation of specific dates.

Fun facts

  • The phrase 'let the reader understand,' inserted in the middle of the prophecy about the abomination of desolation, is a rare direct comment from the narrator within Jesus' own words, suggesting a special alert for the gospel's earliest readers.
  • The four disciples who ask the question privately — Peter, James, John, and Andrew — form the innermost group mentioned by Mark, the first ones Jesus called beside the Sea of Galilee in chapter 1.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Marcos 13:1Herod's temple was famous precisely for the impressive size of the stones used in its construction, and the disciple's comment reflects the common amazement of anyone seeing it up close for the first time.
  2. Marcos 13:2The Jerusalem temple was one of the most impressive buildings in the ancient world, built with enormous stone blocks, and the disciples remark on that grandeur almost reflexively. The prediction that not one stone would be left upon another came true a few decades later, when the Roman army destroyed the temple in the year 70, an event that had already happened, or was close at hand, when Mark wrote.
  3. Marcos 13:3The Mount of Olives faced the temple across a valley, offering a wide view of the whole building, a fitting setting for the private question that follows. Andrew appears here alongside the inner group of Peter, James, and John.
  4. Marcos 13:4The disciples' question combines two points: when the announced destruction of the temple would happen, and what sign would show that the time had come. The whole discourse in this chapter answers that double question.
  5. Marcos 13:5Jesus opens the discourse with a direct warning against being deceived, a theme that comes up again several times through the rest of the chapter.
  6. Marcos 13:6The prediction of people showing up claiming to be the Christ actually came true in the following decades, when several messianic leaders appeared before the great Jewish revolt against Rome.
  7. Marcos 13:7Wars and rumors of wars would be part of the normal course of history, not an automatic sign of the end. Jesus asks for calm in the face of that kind of news.
  8. Marcos 13:8The phrase "beginnings of sorrows" uses the same image as labor pains, common in apocalyptic texts of the time to describe suffering that intensifies before a decisive outcome.
  9. Marcos 13:9This warning about courts, synagogues, and standing before governors and kings matches almost exactly what the first followers of Jesus would actually experience, later recorded in the book of Acts.
  10. Marcos 13:10This condition, preaching the gospel to all nations, appears in the middle of the warnings about persecution, tying the suffering of the early Christians to a mission that would also reach non-Jews.
  11. Marcos 13:11The promise of not needing to prepare a defense in advance was a practical comfort for those who would face trials without the time or resources to prepare properly.
  12. Marcos 13:12The description of family turning against family shows how much persecution could split even the closest bonds under extreme pressure.
  13. Marcos 13:13The section's final promise ties perseverance to the end together with salvation, a direct encouragement for anyone facing hatred and rejection because of their faith.
  14. Marcos 13:14This expression comes from a much older prophecy and describes something sacred being defiled in a visible, shocking way. The parenthetical "let him that readeth understand" is the author himself calling for special attention to this point, a warning meant for the first readers to recognize. Scholars still debate exactly which historical event this refers to.
  15. Marcos 13:15Housetops at the time were flat, used for various everyday activities. The instruction is to flee immediately, without even going down to grab belongings inside the house.
  16. Marcos 13:16In the same way, whoever was working in the field should not go back even for his own cloak, an item of considerable value at the time. The urgency of fleeing comes before any material possession.
  17. Marcos 13:17The concern for pregnant and nursing women reflects the extra difficulty of fleeing quickly under those physical conditions.
  18. Marcos 13:18Fleeing in winter brought real practical complications: cold, heavy rains, and flooded rivers would make an already urgent escape even harder.
  19. Marcos 13:19The description uses absolute superlative language, similar to an ancient prophecy from the book of Daniel about an anguish without precedent since the beginning of the world.
  20. Marcos 13:20The idea that God "shortened" the days for the sake of the elect introduces a limit of mercy within a scenario described as extreme, preventing total destruction.
  21. Marcos 13:21The warning against false messiahs repeats, reinforcing that even amid the announced crisis, rumors about the Christ's arrival should not be accepted without question.
  22. Marcos 13:22The mention of signs and wonders used to deceive suggests these false claims would not be obvious or easy to spot, capable of confusing even the most alert.
  23. Marcos 13:23Jesus closes this part of the discourse by reminding them that He had already warned everything in advance. The warning itself serves as protection against being caught by surprise.
  24. Marcos 13:24The image of the darkened sun and the moon giving no light uses common apocalyptic language from the Old Testament, tied to great historical upheavals, not necessarily a literal astronomical event.
  25. Marcos 13:25The stars falling and the powers of the heavens being shaken continue that same symbolic language of cosmic upheaval used in earlier prophetic texts.
  26. Marcos 13:26The coming of the Son of man in the clouds points directly to a vision from the book of Daniel, of a figure arriving among the clouds of heaven with authority given by God.
  27. Marcos 13:27The gathering of the elect from the four winds describes a complete gathering, leaving out no one scattered anywhere in the world.
  28. Marcos 13:28A budding fig tree was a seasonal sign familiar to anyone in the region, a simple, concrete way to teach how to recognize signs before an expected event.
  29. Marcos 13:29The same logic of the fig tree applies to the signs described earlier: when they appear, they serve as a warning that the moment is near.
  30. Marcos 13:30This is one of the most debated statements in the chapter, because it ties the fulfillment of the things described to the generation alive at that moment. Many link it to the destruction of the temple, which in fact happened only a few decades later.
  31. Marcos 13:31The statement about heaven and earth passing away, but Jesus' words not passing away, places His own teaching above even the permanence of the physical universe.
  32. Marcos 13:32This statement puzzles readers because it seems to limit Jesus' own knowledge of the exact moment of future events. It is one of the most debated verses among scholars because of this tension, with no single explanation universally accepted; the text simply records the statement without developing it further.
  33. Marcos 13:33The call to watch and pray complements the previous statement about no one knowing the exact day. Since the date is unknown, the right attitude is to always be ready.
  34. Marcos 13:34The parable of the man who travels and leaves authority and tasks to his servants sets the stage for the final comparison about watchfulness that closes the chapter.
  35. Marcos 13:35The night was divided into watches, evening, midnight, cockcrow, and morning, used by soldiers and ordinary people alike to mark time without a clock. Listing these four watches is a way of saying "at any hour", reinforcing that no one knows when the master of the house will return.
  36. Marcos 13:36The fear of being found sleeping represents being unprepared at exactly the moment it would matter most to be alert.
  37. Marcos 13:37The closing line generalizes the warning: what was said privately to the four disciples at the start of the chapter applies, in practice, to everyone who hears the teaching.

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