Apocalipsis 13

VBL · Chapter 13/22

1Y el dragón se paró en la orilla del mar. Entonces vi a una bestia saliendo del mar. Tenía diez cuernos y siete cabezas, con diez coronas pequeñas en sus cuernos, y tenía nombres blasfemos en sus cabezas.

2La bestia que vi parecía un leopardo, pero sus pies eran como de un oso, y su boca parecía como de un león. Entonces el dragón le dio su poder, trono y autoridad a la bestia.

3Una de sus cabezas parecía haber sufrido una herida de muerte, pero tal herida se había sanado. Y todo el mundo estaba asombrado ante esta bestia,

4y adoraron al dragón por haberle dado su autoridad a la bestia; y adoraban a la bestia, preguntando: “¿Quién como la bestia? ¿Quién puede vencerla?”

5Se le dio la habilidad de jactarse y decir blasfemias, y también se le dio la autoridad de hacer esto por veinticuatro meses.

6Tan pronto como abrió su boca, habló blasfemias contra Dios, insultando su carácter, su santuario, y a aquellos que viven en el cielo.

7Entonces a la bestia se le dio poder de atacar a los creyentes y vencerlos, y también se le dio autoridad sobre todos los pueblos, tribus, lenguas y naciones.

8Y todos los habitantes de la tierra le adorarán, aquellos cuyos nombres no habían sido escritos en el libro de la vida, el libro que pertenece al Cordero que fue inmolado desde el principio del mundo.

9Si alguno tiene oídos, ¡oiga!

10Todo el que tenga que ir a cautiverio, irá a cautiverio; todo el que tenga que morir a espada, morirá a espada. Esto demuestra la esperanza y la fe de los creyentes en Dios.

11Entonces vi otra bestia, que subía de la tierra. Tenía dos cuernos como un cordero, pero hablaba como un dragón.

12E impuso la misma autoridad que la bestia, en su nombre, e hizo que la tierra y los que viven en ella adoraran a la primera bestia, cuya herida mortal había sanado.

13Y realizaba grandes milagros, e incluso hacía descender fuego del cielo mientras la gente miraba.

14Engañó a los habitantes de la tierra con milagros que hacía en nombre de la bestia, y ordenándoles para que hicieran una imagen de la bestia que había recibido la herida mortal por espada, pero que volvió a la vida.

15Y se le permitió infundir aliento de vida en la imagen de la bestia para que pudiera hablar, y daba órdenes de mandar a matar a todo aquél que no le adorara.

16E hizo que todos, fueran débiles o poderosos, ricos o pobres, esclavos o libres, recibieran una marca en su mano derecha o en sus frentes.

17Y a nadie se le permitía comprar o vender, excepto a aquellos que tuvieran la marca, que era el nombre de la bestia o el número de su nombre.

18Aquí se requiere sabiduría. Y todo el que tenga entendimiento debe calcular el número de la bestia, pues es el número de un hombre. Y su número es 666.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

A terrifying beast rises from the sea, receiving power and authority from the dragon, and is worshiped by the whole earth, except by those whose names are written in the book of life. A second beast rises from the earth, forcing humanity to worship the first beast and receive a mark, whose number is 666.

Explanation

The first beast, combining features of a leopard, a bear, and a lion (images used in Daniel 7 to describe world empires), likely represents oppressive political power that demands absolute loyalty and opposes God, historically associated by many early readers with the cult of the Roman emperor. The second beast, later called the 'false prophet' in the book, represents religious or propagandistic systems that promote and sustain the first beast's power through signs and social pressure. The number 666, described as 'the number of a man,' has intrigued interpreters for centuries; a widely accepted explanation among scholars is gematria (a system in which letters represent numbers) applied to the name 'Nero Caesar' in Hebrew, which adds up to exactly 666. Today's practical application is to discern and resist systems of power, whether political, economic, or religious, that demand absolute loyalty in place of faithfulness to God.

Fun facts

  • An ancient manuscript of the book of Revelation (Papyrus 115, from the 3rd century) records the number of the beast as 616, not 666, and scholars point out that both numbers result from applying gematria to the name of the Roman emperor Nero Caesar, written in slightly different forms in Hebrew and Latin.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Apocalipsis 13:1In the Jewish imagination, the sea represented chaos and the unknown; in the book of Daniel, four beasts also come up out of it. This beast inherits the seven heads and ten horns of the dragon from the previous chapter, showing that it acts with his very same authority.
  2. Apocalipsis 13:2This description combines, into a single monster, the four separate beasts from the vision in Daniel 7, usually read as a sequence of ancient empires. Here they become a single composite figure.
  3. Apocalipsis 13:3A wound that heals is usually read as a distorted imitation of the Lamb that was slain and lives, back in chapter 5 - the beast's power presenting itself as a false copy of Christ's resurrection.
  4. Apocalipsis 13:4The question “Who is like unto the beast?” distortedly mimics praise that originally belongs to God alone, as in the song of Moses in Exodus 15 (“who is like unto thee, O Lord?”), showing the beast as a false imitation of divine authority.
  5. Apocalipsis 13:5It receives authority to speak blasphemies for “forty and two months,” the same period of three and a half years already used elsewhere in the book for a limited time of oppression.
  6. Apocalipsis 13:6The beast's blasphemy strikes directly at God, His dwelling place, and those who dwell in heaven, a total attack on everything sacred in the book.
  7. Apocalipsis 13:7It receives power even to overcome the saints in battle and dominion over every people of the earth, showing a reach of influence that is practically universal.
  8. Apocalipsis 13:8Worship of the beast becomes nearly unanimous among the inhabitants of the earth, with a single exception: those who already have their name written in the Lamb's book of life, described as planned from before the foundation of the world.
  9. Apocalipsis 13:9This repeats the same call to attention already used in the seven letters of chapters 2 and 3, now applied to this scene of persecution.
  10. Apocalipsis 13:10This describes a kind of destiny already set, echoing a similar idea in Jeremiah, and concludes with a call to patient endurance: the faith of the saints is proven precisely by holding on without striking back with violence.
  11. Apocalipsis 13:11This second beast looks gentle on the outside, with horns like a lamb, but speaks like the dragon, a warning that deception can look harmless on the surface while serving the very same hostile power behind it.
  12. Apocalipsis 13:12The second beast acts as the representative of the first, using all of its authority to make the earth worship the beast whose deadly wound had been healed.
  13. Apocalipsis 13:13Making fire come down from heaven recalls the prophet Elijah doing the same before the prophets of Baal; here, however, the sign serves to deceive, a distorted imitation of a genuine miracle.
  14. Apocalipsis 13:14Using these false signs, the second beast convinces the inhabitants of the earth to build an image in honor of the first beast, celebrating the wound it survived.
  15. Apocalipsis 13:15The image is given a kind of artificial life, able to speak, and begins to demand worship on pain of death for whoever refuses - the peak of the imitation of true divinity.
  16. Apocalipsis 13:16The scene probably echoes certificates and seals used in the trade of the Roman Empire to certify loyalty, in contrast with the seal of God on the foreheads of the faithful, back in chapter 7. Christian traditions read this mark in quite different ways, and the text does not settle that question.
  17. Apocalipsis 13:17The beast's control extends to economic life: without its mark, no one can buy or sell, an enormous practical pressure on anyone who refused to worship it.
  18. Apocalipsis 13:18The text itself invites the reader to ‘count’ the number, using gematria, a practice common at the time in which letters of the alphabet also carried numeric value. Exactly which name this number points to has been read in very different ways over the centuries, and that question is not settled here.

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