Josué 20

VBL · Chapter 20/24

1Entonces el Señor le dijo a Josué:

2“Dile a los israelitas: ‘Asigna ciudades santuario, como te lo ordené por medio de Moisés.

3Así, cualquier hombre que mate a alguien por accidente, sin intención, podrá correr hacia allí y será protegido de los que quieran vengarse.

4Cuando llegue a una de estas ciudades, expondrá su caso a los ancianos a las puertas de la ciudad. Ellos deberán permitirle la entrada, y también le prepararán un lugar para alojarse.

5Si el que busca venganza viene a buscar al hombre, no deben entregarle al que cometió el homicidio, porque mató a alguien sin intención y sin odio deliberado.

6Permanecerá en esa ciudad hasta que se le celebre un juicio público y se emita un veredicto, y hasta la muerte del sumo sacerdote de turno. Entonces será libre de volver a su casa, a la ciudad de la que huyó’”.

7Así que asignaron las siguientes ciudades santuario Cedes de Galilea, en la región montañosa de Neftalí; Siquem, en la región montañosa de Efraín; y Quiriat-arba (o Hebrón), en la región montañosa de Judá.

8Al otro lado del Jordán, al este de Jericó, asignaron: Bezer, en el desierto de la meseta, de la tribu de Rubén; Ramot en Galaad, de la tribu de Gad; y Golán en Basán, de la tribu de Manasés.

9Estas fueron las ciudades asignadas para todos los israelitas, así como para los extranjeros que vivían entre ellos. Cualquiera que matara a alguien involuntariamente podía ir allí para no ser asesinado por quienes quisieran vengarse antes de que se le hiciera un juicio público y se le diera un veredicto de culpabilidad.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Six cities of refuge are established, three on each side of the Jordan, where anyone who killed someone accidentally could take shelter from blood vengeance.

Explanation

In the ancient culture, it was common for the relatives of a slain person to seek immediate revenge, even in cases of accidental death with no intent to kill. The cities of refuge created a justice system that distinguished manslaughter from premeditated murder, guaranteeing a fair trial before the elders before any punishment was carried out. This system, advanced for its time, protected both the accused from hasty revenge and society from impunity, requiring the one who took refuge to remain in the city until the death of the high priest. It is a picture of how God's law sought to balance justice and mercy.

Fun facts

  • The six cities of refuge were strategically distributed so that no Israelite would be more than a day's journey from one of them, allowing quick access in case of need.
  • The release of the one who took refuge only after the death of the high priest is seen by many Christian commentators as a picture of the freedom brought by the death of Christ, the ultimate high priest.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Josué 20:1God brings up the matter of the cities of refuge again, a subject already agreed on back in the time of Moses.
  2. Josué 20:2The command is to formally set apart these cities, fulfilling what had already been promised before the conquest.
  3. Josué 20:3The cities of refuge exist to separate accidental killing from murder: whoever killed someone without intending to could flee there and be protected from blood vengeance, a common custom of the time, until being judged by the elders of the city.
  4. Josué 20:4Whoever flees to one of these cities must present himself to the leaders at the gate, explain the case, and then is taken in to live there safely.
  5. Josué 20:5Even if a relative of the victim comes seeking revenge, the city cannot hand over someone who killed without intent, without premeditation or prior hatred.
  6. Josué 20:6Whoever took refuge in one of these cities could only return home after the death of the high priest then in office. This detail worked like a natural, unpredictable deadline, taking out of human hands the decision of when the matter was settled.
  7. Josué 20:7The first cities of refuge chosen are scattered across the territory west of the Jordan: Kedesh in the north, Shechem in the middle, and Hebron in the south.
  8. Josué 20:8On the other side of the Jordan, three more cities complete the system: Bezer, Ramoth, and Golan, covering that region as well.
  9. Josué 20:9These six cities serve both Israelites and foreigners living among them, guaranteeing a fair trial before any punishment.

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