1 Crónicas 12

VBL · Chapter 12/29

1La siguiente es una lista de los hombres que se unieron a David cuando estaba en Siclag, todavía escondiéndose de Saúl, hijo de Cis. Eran algunos de los principales guerreros que lucharon del lado de David.

2Todos ellos eran hábiles arqueros, y podían disparar flechas o hondas con la mano derecha o con la izquierda. Eran parientes de Saúl de la tribu de Benjamín.

3Ahiezer era su líder, luego lo fue Joás; los hijos de Semaa de Gugibeá; Jeziel y Pelet los hijos de Azmavet; Beraca; Jehú de Anatot;

4Ismaías de Gabaón, (un fuerte guerrero entre los Treinta, y líder sobre los Treinta); Jeremías; Jahaziel; Johanán; Jozabad de Gedera;

5Eluzai; Jerimot; Bealías; Semarías; Sefatías de Haruf.

6Elcana, Isías, Azareel, Joezer y Jasobeam (quienes eran Coreítas);

7Joela y Zebadías, los hijos de Jeroham de Gedor.

8Algunos guerreros de la tribu de Gad se pasaron al lado de David cuando éste estaba en la fortaleza del desierto. Eran guerreros fuertes y experimentados, curtidos en la batalla, expertos en el uso de escudos y lanzas. Sus rostros parecían tan fieros como los de los leones, y corrían tan rápido como las gacelas en las montañas.

9Ezer el era el líder, Obadías (el segundo), Eliab (el tercero),

10Mismaná (el cuarto), Jeremías (el quinto),

11Atai (el sexto), Eliel (el séptimo),

12Johanán (el octavo), Elzabad (el noveno),

13Jeremías (el décimo), Macbanai (el undécimo).

14Estos guerreros de Gad eran oficiales del ejército. El menos hábil de ellos estaba a cargo de 100 hombres; y el mejor estaba a cargo de 1.000.

15Estos eran los que cruzaban el río Jordán en el primer mes del año, cuando se desborda. Expulsaron a todos los pueblos que vivían en el valle, tanto al este como al oeste.

16Otros de las tribus de Benjamín y Judá también vinieron a unirse a David en la fortaleza.

17David salió a recibirlos y les dijo: “Si han venido en son de paz para ayudarme, podemos ser amigos. Pero si han venido a entregarme a mis enemigos, aunque no he hecho nada malo, que el Dios de nuestros padres vea lo que hacen y los condene”.

18Entonces el Espíritu vino sobre Amasai, el líder de los Treinta. “¡Somos tuyos, David, y estamos contigo, hijo de Isaí! Que la paz, la prosperidad y el éxito sean tuyos y de los que te ayuden, porque Dios es el que te ayuda”. Así que David les permitió unirse a él, y los puso al frente de su ejército.

19Otros se pasaron al lado de David desde la tribu de Manasés y se unieron a él cuando fue con los filisteos a atacar a Saúl. Sin embargo, los jefes filisteos decidieron finalmente despedirlos, diciéndose: “Nos costará la cabeza si nos abandona y se une a su amo Saúl”.

20La siguiente es una lista de los hombres de Manasés que se pasaron al lado de David cuando éste regresó a Siclag: Adnas, Jozabad, Jediael, Micael, Jozabad, Eliú y Ziletai, jefes de millares en la tribu de Manasés.

21Ellos ayudaron a David contra los asaltantes, pues todos eran guerreros fuertes y experimentados y comandantes del ejército.

22Cada día llegaban hombres para ayudar a David, hasta que tuvo un gran ejército, como el ejército de Dios.

23Esta es la lista del número de guerreros armados que vinieron y se unieron a David en Hebrón para entregarle el reino de Saúl, como había dicho el Señor.

24De la tribu de Judá, 6.800 guerreros con escudos y lanzas.

25De la tribu de Simeón, 7.100 guerreros fuertes.

26De la tribu de Leví, 4.600,

27incluyendo a Joiada, jefe de la familia de Aarón, y con él 3.700,

28y Sadoc, un joven guerrero fuerte, con 22 miembros de su familia, todos oficiales.

29De la tribu de Benjamín, de entre los parientes de Saúl, 3.000, la mayoría de los cuales habían permanecido leales a Saúl hasta ese momento.

30De la tribu de Efraín, 20.800 guerreros fuertes, cada uno de ellos muy apreciado en su propio clan.

31De la media tribu de Manasés, 18.000 hombres designados por su nombre para venir a hacer rey a David.

32De la tribu de Isacar vinieron líderes que conocían y podían entender los signos de los tiempos y lo que Israel debía hacer: un total de 200 líderes de la tribu junto con sus parientes.

33De la tribu de Zabulón, 50.000 guerreros. Estaban completamente armados y listos para la batalla, y totalmente dedicados.

34De la tribu de Neftalí, 1.000 oficiales y 37.000 guerreros con escudos y lanzas.

35De la tribu de Dan, 28.600 guerreros, todos preparados para la batalla.

36De la tribu de Aser, 40.000 guerreros experimentados, todos listos para la batalla.

37De la parte oriental del río Jordán, de las tribus de Rubén, Gad y la media tribu de Manasés, 120.000 guerreros con todo tipo de armas.

38Todos estos hombres llegaron a Hebrón vestidos para la batalla, completamente decididos a hacer rey a David. Todo Israel estaba de acuerdo en que David debía ser rey.

39Se quedaron allí tres días, comiendo y bebiendo juntos, pues sus parientes les habían proporcionado provisiones.

40Sus vecinos, incluso de lugares tan lejanos como Isacar, Zabulón y Neftalí, llegaron trayendo comida en burros, camellos, mulas y bueyes. Tenían mucha harina, tortas de higos, racimos de pasas, vino, aceite de oliva, ganado y ovejas, porque Israel estaba muy contento.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Warriors from various tribes who joined David are listed, both during his time as a fugitive and at the moment he was crowned king in Hebron, forming a great unified army from all of Israel.

Explanation

This chapter celebrates David's growing base of support, showing skilled warriors coming even from the tribe of Benjamin, the very tribe of King Saul, which demonstrates a significant national reconciliation after the period of civil war between the two royal houses. The mention that the leaders of Issachar were 'men that had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do' suggests leadership that combined strategic and spiritual discernment, not just military strength. The great final celebration, with abundant food and drink brought by various tribes, symbolizes the genuine, joyful unity achieved around David's leadership.

Fun facts

  • The warriors of Gad are described with vivid language, compared to lions in the face and swift as gazelles upon the mountains, a poetic style common in ancient Near Eastern military literature to describe ferocity and agility in combat.
  • The phrase used for the men of Issachar, 'understanding of the times,' is interpreted by scholars as referring both to astronomical/calendar knowledge and to political wisdom in discerning the right moment to act.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Crónicas 12:1Even before becoming king, David was already drawing valiant warriors while hiding out in Ziklag, fleeing from Saul — the start of a list that shows support arriving from every direction, well before the official coronation.
  2. 1 Crónicas 12:2These Benjamite warriors could sling stones and shoot arrows with either hand, a rare and prized skill in an ancient army. The detail shows the kind of specific talent that made someone worth remembering by name in a list of hundreds of soldiers.
  3. 1 Crónicas 12:3The first names on this Ziklag list, starting with the chief Ahiezer — all warriors who chose David’s side while he was still a fugitive, not a king.
  4. 1 Crónicas 12:4Ismaiah the Gibeonite is described as a mighty man among the thirty, and even a captain over them — another name showing the kind of talent already surrounding David before the throne.
  5. 1 Crónicas 12:5Five more warriors join the list of Ziklag supporters, each identified by family or city of origin, in the usual way for these military lists.
  6. 1 Crónicas 12:6Five more names close out this part of the list of those who came to support David while he was still a fugitive, including Jashobeam, who reappears as one of the great warriors from the previous chapter.
  7. 1 Crónicas 12:7Joelah and Zebadiah close out the list of Benjamites who chose David even though they were of Saul’s own tribe — a brave choice, since it meant going against their own king and kinsman.
  8. 1 Crónicas 12:8Warriors of Gad also join David in the wilderness — described with a striking image: faces like lions, and swift as roes running on the mountains.
  9. 1 Crónicas 12:9The first three of these Gadite warriors already come with a kind of military ranking: Ezer the first, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third.
  10. 1 Crónicas 12:10The ranking continues down to fifth place — an organized and unusual way of listing warriors, almost like a standings table.
  11. 1 Crónicas 12:11Two more Gadite warriors round out the ranking through seventh place, keeping the same numbered pattern as the rest of the list.
  12. 1 Crónicas 12:12The ranking reaches ninth place — each position representing the level of distinction of each warrior within this specific group from Gad.
  13. 1 Crónicas 12:13The ranking closes out with tenth and eleventh place — eleven warriors of Gad, each with a defined position within the group.
  14. 1 Crónicas 12:14These eleven warriors of Gad became captains of the army: the least of them commanded a hundred men, and the greatest commanded a thousand — a clear military structure even within a small group.
  15. 1 Crónicas 12:15The most impressive feat of these Gadites: they cross the Jordan while it’s overflowing all its banks, and still put to flight everyone in the valleys on both sides of the river.
  16. 1 Crónicas 12:16Some from Benjamin and Judah also come to David’s hideout — the two tribes that will later form the core of the southern kingdom after Israel’s division.
  17. 1 Crónicas 12:17David doesn’t accept support just any way: he goes out to meet these men and makes clear he only wants true allies, calling on God himself to witness if their intention is to betray him.
  18. 1 Crónicas 12:18The Spirit comes upon Amasai, who declares total loyalty to David in a short poem of peace — and it’s this declaration that convinces David to accept the group and make them captains.
  19. 1 Crónicas 12:19Some of Manasseh desert to David’s side at the very moment he found himself, unwillingly, on the wrong side — about to fight alongside the Philistines against Saul himself, until he’s dismissed out of suspicion by the Philistine lords themselves.
  20. 1 Crónicas 12:20Back at Ziklag, more captains of thousands from Manasseh join David — support grows precisely at the moment he needs it most, right after escaping having to fight against his own people.
  21. 1 Crónicas 12:21These men of Manasseh help David against a band of raiders — probably the same Amalekites who attack Ziklag while David was away, a story told in detail in Samuel.
  22. 1 Crónicas 12:22The expression “like the host of God” used to describe the size of the force joining David is the Chronicler’s way of saying this support came from all the tribes, not just from his home territory of Judah. It’s an important detail: it shows all Israel, north and south, united behind David before any future division between the kingdoms.
  23. 1 Crónicas 12:23Here begins the great census of Hebron: the number of armed chiefs who come to confirm David as king, fulfilling the word of the Lord about the transfer of Saul’s kingdom.
  24. 1 Crónicas 12:24From Judah come six thousand eight hundred armed men — David’s own tribe contributing a solid contingent for the coronation.
  25. 1 Crónicas 12:25From Simeon come seven thousand one hundred mighty men of valor — numbers that, added up tribe by tribe, will show the real size of the national support for David.
  26. 1 Crónicas 12:26From Levi come four thousand six hundred — even though it’s the tribe dedicated to worship, with no land inheritance, the Levites also send their fighting men to support the coronation.
  27. 1 Crónicas 12:27Jehoiada leads the specific group from Aaron’s family, with three thousand seven hundred men — the priests also have military representation at this historic gathering.
  28. 1 Crónicas 12:28Zadok appears here still a young man, described as a mighty man of valor, years before becoming the famous high priest who anoints Solomon as king.
  29. 1 Crónicas 12:29From Benjamin come only three thousand, and the text explains why: many of the tribe were still loyal to the house of Saul, being his relatives — support for David wasn’t unanimous from the very start.
  30. 1 Crónicas 12:30From Ephraim come twenty thousand eight hundred mighty men of valor, described as famous men — one of the largest numerical contributions of all the tribes gathered at Hebron.
  31. 1 Crónicas 12:31The half-tribe of Manasseh sends eighteen thousand men, expressed by name specifically to come and make David king — a targeted recruitment, not just a voluntary one.
  32. 1 Crónicas 12:32From Issachar come only two hundred chiefs, but with a rare quality: they had understanding of the times, and knew what Israel ought to do — one of the most quoted verses in the Bible on discernment and wise leadership.
  33. 1 Crónicas 12:33From Zebulun come fifty thousand trained warriors, described as men of steady heart, not divided in loyalty — a large contingent, and a reliable one besides.
  34. 1 Crónicas 12:34From Naphtali come a thousand captains leading thirty-seven thousand men armed with shield and spear — another northern tribe bringing considerable strength to support David.
  35. 1 Crónicas 12:35From Dan come twenty-eight thousand six hundred warriors ready for war — the list of tribes keeps growing, showing the national reach of support for David.
  36. 1 Crónicas 12:36From Asher come forty thousand men able to keep battle formation — another sizable number added to the overall total.
  37. 1 Crónicas 12:37The tribes on the other side of the Jordan — Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh — send a hundred and twenty thousand men with every kind of weapon of war, the largest single contingent on the whole list.
  38. 1 Crónicas 12:38Three days of eating and drinking in Hebron, with the neighboring tribes bringing provisions in abundance, close the chapter with an image of feasting and unity. It’s the picture the Chronicler wants to leave in the reader’s mind before the accounts of war and reign that come next.
  39. 1 Crónicas 12:39Once gathered, these men spend three days in Hebron eating and drinking, because their own relatives had already prepared provisions for them — a great celebration even before the actual coronation.
  40. 1 Crónicas 12:40Even more distant tribes, like Issachar, Zebulun, and Naphtali, send food in abundance — meal, figs, raisins, wine, oil, oxen, and sheep — because, as the text sums it up, there was joy in Israel.

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