Rut 1

VBL · Chapter 1/4

1Hubo una hambruna durante la época en la que los jueces gobernaban Israel. Un hombre dejó Belén de Judá y se fue a vivir como exiliado en el país de Moab, junto con su esposa y sus dos hijos.

2Se llamaba Elimelec y su mujer Noemí. Sus hijos se llamaban Mahlón y Quelión. Eran efrateos de Belén de Judá. Se fueron al país de Moab y vivían allí.

3Sin embargo, Elimelec, el esposo de Noemí, murió, y ella se quedó con sus dos hijos.

4Los hijos se casaron con mujeres moabitas. Una se llamaba Orfa y la otra Rut. Después de unos diez años,

5tanto Mahlón como Quelión murieron. Noemí se quedó sola, sin sus dos hijos ni su marido.

6Así que ella y sus nueras se prepararon para abandonar el país de Moab y volver a casa, porque habían oído que el Señor había bendecido a su pueblo allí con alimentos.

7Así que Noemí se fue del lugar donde vivía y, con sus dos nueras, emprendió el camino de regreso a la tierra de Judá.

8Sin embargo, al partir, Noemí le dijo a sus dos nueras: “Vuelvan cada una a la casa de sus madres, y que el Señor sea tan bueno con ustedes como lo ha sido conmigo y con los que han muerto.

9Que el Señor les de un buen hogar con otro marido”. Entonces las besó, y todas se pusieron a llorar a gritos.

10“¡No! Queremos volver contigo a tu pueblo”, respondieron.

11“¿Por qué quieren volver conmigo?” preguntó Noemí. “No puedo tener más hijos para que se casen con ellos.

12Regresen a casa, hijas mías, porque soy demasiado vieja para volver a casarme. Aunque esta noche me acostara con un nuevo marido y tuviera hijos,

13¿esperarían a que crecieran? ¿Decidirían que no van a casarse con nadie más? No. Toda esta situación es más amarga para mí que para ustedes, ¡pues el Señor se ha vuelto contra mí!”

14Y volvieron a llorar a gritos. Entonces Orfa se despidió de su suegra con un beso. Pero Rut se aferró con fuerza a Noemí.

15“Mira, tu cuñada vuelve con su pueblo y sus dioses. Vuelve a casa con ella”, dijo Noemí.

16Pero Rut contestó: “Por favor, no sigas pidiéndome que te deje y vuelva. Donde tú vayas, yo iré. Donde tú vivas, viviré yo. Tu pueblo será mi pueblo. Tu Dios será mi Dios.

17Donde tú mueras, moriré yo, y allí seré enterrada. Que el Señor me castigue duramente si dejo que algo que no sea la muerte nos separe”.

18Cuando Noemí vio que Rut estaba decidida a irse con ella, dejó de decirle que se fuera a casa.

19Así que las dos siguieron caminando hasta llegar a Belén. Cuando llegaron allí, todo el pueblo se alborotó. “¿Es ésta Noemí?” le preguntaron las mujeres.

20Ella les dijo: “¡No me llamen Noemí! Llámenme Mara, porque el Todopoderoso me ha tratado muy amargamente.

21Salí de aquí llena, pero el Señor me ha traído a casa vacía. ¿Por qué me llaman Noemí cuando el Señor me ha condenado, cuando el Todopoderoso ha traído el desastre sobre mí?”

22Así regresó Noemí de Moab con Rut, la moabita, su nuera. Llegaron a Belén al comienzo de la cosecha de cebada.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

A famine leads Naomi and her family to Moab, where her husband and two sons die. Widowed and without descendants, Naomi decides to return to Bethlehem, and her daughter-in-law Ruth insists on going with her, refusing to abandon her.

Explanation

In the context of the time of the judges, mentioned right in the first verse, a widow with no sons faced extreme economic and social vulnerability, with no legal means of supporting herself. Ruth's decision — a Moabite (a people historically hostile to Israel) — to leave her land, her people, and her gods to follow Naomi is one of the most celebrated acts of loyalty in the Bible, expressed in the famous declaration, 'whither thou goest, I will go... thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God.' Naomi's bitterness, as she asks to be called 'Mara' (bitter), shows emotional honesty in the face of loss — the Bible does not hide moments of genuine despair, even in people of faith.

Fun facts

  • Moab and Israel had a history of hostility, since the Moabites descended from an incestuous relationship between Lot and his daughter (Genesis 19:37) and were forbidden from entering the assembly of Israel (Deuteronomy 23:3).
  • The name Naomi means 'my sweetness/pleasant,' while the name she chooses for herself, Mara, means 'bitter' — a Hebrew wordplay that expresses her pain over the turnaround in her life.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Rut 1:1The famine that pushes Elimelech and his family to Moab happens in the days when the judges ruled, the same violent and unstable era described in the previous book. It is the backdrop that explains why a family from Bethlehem would risk living among a foreign people.
  2. Rut 1:2The text immediately introduces the whole family by name: Elimelech, his wife Naomi, and their sons Mahlon and Chilion, all originally from Bethlehem but now living as foreigners in Moab.
  3. Rut 1:3Elimelech dies in Moab, leaving Naomi alone with her two sons, still far from home.
  4. Rut 1:4Marrying Moabite women was frowned upon in Israel, since Moab had a disputed origin and a history of religious conflict. The book does not directly condemn these marriages, but it sets the stage to show Ruth, a foreigner, becoming a model of loyalty.
  5. Rut 1:5Both sons also die, leaving Naomi without husband or children in a foreign land — a situation of extreme vulnerability for a woman of that time.
  6. Rut 1:6Hearing that the famine in Bethlehem had ended, Naomi decides to return home, taking her two daughters-in-law with her.
  7. Rut 1:7Naomi leaves the place where she had been living, accompanied by her two daughters-in-law, on the road back to Judah.
  8. Rut 1:8Along the way, Naomi urges her daughters-in-law to go back to their mothers’ homes, praying that the Lord would reward the kindness they had shown to their deceased husbands and to her.
  9. Rut 1:9She wishes that each of them would find a new husband and a new home; as they say goodbye with a kiss, they all weep.
  10. Rut 1:10Both daughters-in-law insist on staying with Naomi, saying they will return with her to her own people.
  11. Rut 1:11Naomi explains to her daughters-in-law that she has no more sons to give them as husbands, a reference to the custom of levirate marriage, in which the brother of a dead man was to marry his widow to raise up an heir in his name. Without sons, she has no way to fulfill that role.
  12. Rut 1:12Naomi insists that they turn back, explaining that she is already too old to have another husband and bear new sons for them.
  13. Rut 1:13She argues that it would make no sense for her daughters-in-law to wait for sons who do not even exist yet, and laments that her situation is more bitter because of what she considers a punishment from the Lord.
  14. Rut 1:14Faced with her insistence, Orpah kisses her mother-in-law goodbye and leaves, but Ruth refuses to leave Naomi.
  15. Rut 1:15Naomi tries to convince Ruth to follow Orpah’s example, going back to her own people and her own gods.
  16. Rut 1:16Ruth’s promise to go wherever Naomi goes is more than affection: it is a formal renunciation of her own people, land, and gods in order to join completely with her mother-in-law’s family and faith. It is unusual for a foreign, widowed daughter-in-law with no obligation to remain tied to her at all.
  17. Rut 1:17Ruth completes her vow, saying she wants to die and be buried where Naomi dies, asking that only death separate them.
  18. Rut 1:18Seeing that Ruth is fully determined, Naomi stops insisting and accepts her company.
  19. Rut 1:19The two arrive together in Bethlehem, and the whole town stirs at their arrival, recognizing Naomi after so many years away.
  20. Rut 1:20Naomi asks to be called Mara, meaning bitter, because she lost her husband and both sons in Moab. It is a request for a name change that reflects her grief, not a name that actually stuck; the text keeps calling her Naomi afterward.
  21. Rut 1:21Naomi explains the reason for her request: she left full, with husband and sons, and returned empty, feeling that the Lord had turned against her.
  22. Rut 1:22The chapter closes with Naomi and Ruth arriving in Bethlehem right at the beginning of the barley harvest — a detail that sets the scene for the next chapter.

Chapters

Our apps

Our apps →

Bible in Stories

The Bible told as a story, with audio and videos.

📱 Get the app

World in Stories

True stories of humanity that sound made up.

Feito! Pequenas Vitórias

A light daily routine for people who lose track of the day.