1 Timoteo 5

VBL · Chapter 5/6

1No reprendas a un hombre que es mayor que tú. Por el contrario, anímalo como si fuera tu padre. Trata a los hombres más jóvenes como hermanos,

2a las mujeres mayores que tú como madres; a las más jóvenes como hermanas, con los estándares más altos de decencia.

3Ayuda a las viudas que no tienen familia.

4Pues la responsabilidad cristiana de los hijos o nietos de una viuda es cumplir con las obligaciones que exige su familia, y pagar a sus padres ayudándolos. Esto es lo que agrada a Dios.

5Ahora pues, una verdadera viuda, que no tiene familia, que está sola y sin apoyo de nadie, pone su esperanza en Dios y ora pidiendo ayuda día y noche.

6Pero una viuda que solo se concentra en agradarse a sí misma, ya está muerta, aunque esté viva físicamente.

7Da estas instrucciones a la gente para que estén por encima de cualquier crítica.

8Pero los que no cuidan de sus parientes, especialmente de su propia familia, han negado sus creencias, y son peores que los incrédulos.

9Solo las viudas mayores de sesenta años que han sido fieles a sus esposos deben estar en la lista.

10La viuda debe tener reputación de hacer el bien. ¿Crió a sus hijos apropiadamente? ¿Ha sido hospitalaria? ¿Ha lavado los pies de otros miembros de la iglesia? ¿Ha ayudado a aquellos que estaban en dificultad? ¿Ha procurado hacer el bien en todas las formas?

11No anoten a las viudas que son más jóvenes, porque cuando sus deseos físicos les despierten el deseo por casarse, abandonarán su dedicación a Cristo.

12En esto ellas son culpables de quebrantar su compromiso anterior.

13Además ellas se acostumbran a una vida de pereza, donde simplemente se visitan unas a otras en sus casas. No solo son perezosas, sino que andan en chismes y se entrometen hablando de cosas que no deberían.

14Así que mi mejor consejo es que las viudas que son más jóvenes se casen y tengan hijos y se ocupen del hogar. Así no habrá oportunidad para la crítica que proviene del Enemigo.

15Sin embargo, algunos ya se han ido por el camino de Satanás.

16Toda mujer cristiana que tenga viudas en la familia debe ayudarlas, para que la iglesia no reciba la carga de tal responsabilidad y pueda ayudar a las viudas que realmente están en necesidad.

17Los ancianos que dirigen la iglesia deberían ser considerados como doblemente valiosos, especialmente aquellos cuya obra es la predicación de la palabra y la enseñanza.

18Como dice la Escritura: “No le pondrás bozal al buey cuando está trillando el trigo”. También dice: “El obrero merece su pago”.

19No consideres ninguna acusación en contra de un anciano a menos que existan dos o tres testigos que la apoyen.

20Censura frente a todos los demás a los que pecan, como una advertencia para los otros también.

21Ante Dios y Cristo Jesús, y ante los santos ángeles, yo te instruyo con estas indicaciones sin prejuicio alguno. No actúes con favoritismo.

22No te apresures a imponer tus manos sobre ninguno; y no participes en los pecados de los otros. Mantente puro.

23No bebas solamente agua, sino añade un poco de vino, por tu mal de estómago, pues te enfermas muy seguido.

24Los pecados de algunas personas son muy evidentes, y sin duda alguna son culpables, pero los pecados de otros no se logran ver hasta después.

25Del mismo modo, algunas buenas obras son evidentes, e incluso las que están ocultas no seguirán así por mucho tiempo.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Paul instructs Timothy on how to treat different groups in the church: the elderly, the young, widows, and leaders. He sets out criteria for caring for widows who are truly in need and calls for special honor for those who lead well.

Explanation

In the ancient world, with no social security system, widows without family were extremely vulnerable, and the church took on the role of caring for them, creating an organized system of support. Paul calls for discernment so that care would go to those who truly needed it, encouraging families to care for their own elderly relatives first. He also addresses the respect owed to leaders who labor hard in preaching and teaching. Today's application is that community care should be organized with wisdom, balancing compassion with family responsibility.

Fun facts

  • The quotation 'thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn' (5:18) comes from Deuteronomy 25:4 and was used by Paul, both here and in 1 Corinthians 9:9, to defend the right of those who work in ministry to receive support.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. 1 Timoteo 5:1Paul asks Timothy to treat the older people in the church with the same respect he would treat his own parents, even when something needs correcting.
  2. 1 Timoteo 5:2The same logic applies to the women of the church: treating the older ones as mothers, the younger as sisters, always with all purity.
  3. 1 Timoteo 5:3The earliest churches kept up some kind of material support for widows with no other means of support, since there was no social safety net like today. Paul distinguishes “widows indeed” — those without family able to help — from those who still have relatives available, and in the next verse he first calls on the family’s own responsibility.
  4. 1 Timoteo 5:4Before the church takes on the support of a widow, Paul expects her own family to care for her first, children or grandchildren repaying the care they received as children.
  5. 1 Timoteo 5:5Paul describes the truly desolate widow, with no family nearby, as someone who lives trusting in God, devoted to supplications and prayers night and day.
  6. 1 Timoteo 5:6By contrast, Paul speaks of another widow who lives only in pursuit of pleasure, and says something harsh: even while alive, she is, in a spiritual sense, already dead.
  7. 1 Timoteo 5:7Paul asks Timothy to pass these instructions on to the church, so that no one would have grounds to criticize how the widows are treated.
  8. 1 Timoteo 5:8Paul treats this duty very seriously: whoever does not provide for his own, especially those closest to him, has, in his view, denied the faith.
  9. 1 Timoteo 5:9This describes something like an official list of widows supported by the church in exchange for a commitment to a certain kind of service to the community — a recognized order of sorts, not just informal help. The minimum age and the criteria that follow, like having raised children and lodged strangers, show that it was a role with real responsibilities, not just passive charity.
  10. 1 Timoteo 5:10The list of qualifications for entering the official group of widows supported by the church includes concrete things: having brought up children well, lodged strangers, helped those in need.
  11. 1 Timoteo 5:11It seems that some younger widows who joined this list of church support later ended up wanting to remarry, something Paul treats as breaking a commitment made earlier. His concern isn’t against remarriage itself — in the next verse he even recommends that younger widows marry — but against taking on a formal commitment and then abandoning it.
  12. 1 Timoteo 5:12Paul considers that these younger widows, by wanting to remarry after joining this group, break a commitment they had previously made to the community.
  13. 1 Timoteo 5:13Besides that, Paul notes that they ran the risk of spending their time wandering about from house to house, gossiping and saying things they shouldn’t — a practical problem in a small community.
  14. 1 Timoteo 5:14That’s why Paul prefers that younger widows marry, bear children, and guide their own house, avoiding giving the adversary any occasion to speak reproachfully against the church.
  15. 1 Timoteo 5:15Paul notes that this isn’t hypothetical: some widows had already turned aside after Satan because of this very situation.
  16. 1 Timoteo 5:16Paul reinforces once more: if any believer has widows in his own family, he should support them, so that the church’s resources are freed up for those who truly have no one.
  17. 1 Timoteo 5:17“Double honour” here seems to include both respect and financial support, especially for the elders who devoted their time to preaching and teaching. The next verse reinforces this by citing an agricultural proverb and a saying of Jesus side by side, treating both as equally authoritative.
  18. 1 Timoteo 5:18The first part is a direct quotation from the law of Moses, about not muzzling the ox that treadeth out the corn; the second is a saying that appears in the Gospels on the lips of Jesus himself. Paul joins both together as “scripture,” which shows that the sayings of Jesus were already circulating with the weight of authority among the earliest Christians, alongside the Old Testament.
  19. 1 Timoteo 5:19Paul protects church leaders from reckless accusations, requiring that any charge against an elder be accepted only on the word of two or three witnesses, the standard of Jewish law.
  20. 1 Timoteo 5:20When someone truly sins, however, Paul calls for public rebuke, as a way of warning the rest of the community.
  21. 1 Timoteo 5:21Paul asks, with a solemn charge before God and the elect angels, that Timothy apply these rules without favoring anyone out of friendship or personal interest.
  22. 1 Timoteo 5:22Paul warns against being hasty in ordaining someone to leadership: laying hands too quickly on the wrong person could end up making Timothy himself a partaker of that person’s sins.
  23. 1 Timoteo 5:23This practical health advice seems to counter some extreme total abstinence Timothy was practicing, perhaps because of the same ascetic currents mentioned in chapter 4. Paul recommends moderation, neither excess nor total prohibition.
  24. 1 Timoteo 5:24Paul observes that some people’s sins are obvious right away, while others only show up after a while — a reminder to be patient before judging.
  25. 1 Timoteo 5:25The same is true the other way around: good works are sometimes visible right away, other times they only reveal themselves over time, but one way or another they end up showing.

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