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Levítico 7

VBL · Chapter 7/27

1“Estas son las regulaciones para la ofrenda de la culpa, es muy sagrada.

2La ofrenda de culpa debe ser matada donde se mata el holocausto, y el sacerdote rociará su sangre a todos los lados del altar.

3Toda la grasa de ella será ofrecida: la cola gorda, la grasa que cubre las entrañas,

4ambos riñones con la grasa sobre ellos por los lomos, y la mejor parte del hígado, que el sacerdote debe quitar junto con los riñones.

5Los quemará en el altar como ofrenda al Señor; es una ofrenda por la culpa.

6Cualquier varón entre los sacerdotes puede comerla. Debe comerse en un lugar santo, es muy sagrado.

7La ofrenda por la culpa es como la ofrenda por el pecado; las normas son las mismas para ambas. El sacerdote que presenta la ofrenda que ‘hace las cosas bien’ debe tenerla.

8En el caso de los holocaustos ordinarios, el sacerdote debe tener la piel del animal.

9De la misma manera, todas las ofrendas de grano que se cocinan en un horno o en una cacerola o en una plancha son para el sacerdote que las presenta,

10y todas las ofrendas de grano, ya sea mezcladas con aceite de oliva o secas, son para todos los descendientes de Aarón.

11“Estas son las reglas para la ofrenda de paz que puedes presentar al Señor.

12Sila ofrecen con espíritu de agradecimiento, entonces junto con el sacrificio de acción de gracias, deben ofrecer pan, obleas y pasteles bien amasados de la mejor harina, todo ello hecho sin levadura y mezclado o cubierto con aceite de oliva.

13Además de tu ofrenda de paz de acción de gracias de los panes hechos sin levadura, presentarás una ofrenda de panes hechos con levadura.

14Presenten uno de cada tipo de pan de la ofrenda como contribución al Señor. Es para el sacerdote que rocía la sangre de la ofrenda de paz.

15La carne del sacrificio de tu ofrenda de paz de acción de gracias debe comerse el mismo día que la ofrezcas. No dejes nada de eso hasta la mañana.

16Si el sacrificio que ofreces es para pagar un voto o una ofrenda voluntaria, se comerá el día que presentes tu sacrificio, pero lo que quede puede comerse al día siguiente.

17Sin embargo, cualquier carne del sacrificio que quede al tercer día debe ser quemada.

18Si comes algo de la carne de tu ofrenda de paz al tercer día, no será aceptada. No recibirás crédito por ofrecerla. De hecho, será tratada como algo asqueroso, y cualquiera que la coma será responsable de su culpa.

19“Si esta carne toca algo impuro no debe ser comida; debe ser quemada. Esta carne puede ser consumida por aquellos que están ceremonialmente limpios.

20Si alguien que es inmundo come carne de la ofrenda de paz dada al Señor, debe ser expulsado de su pueblo.

21Cualquiera que toque algo impuro, ya sea de una persona, un animal impuro o una cosa inmunda repugnante, y luego coma carne de la ofrenda de paz dada al Señor, debe ser expulsado de su pueblo”.

22El Señor le dijo a Moisés:

23“Dales estas instrucciones a los israelitas. Diles: ‘No debes comer nada de la grasa de un toro, una oveja o una cabra.

24Puedes usar la grasa de un animal encontrado muerto o muerto por bestias salvajes para cualquier propósito que desees, pero no debes comerla.

25Cualquiera que coma la grasa de un animal de una ofrenda de comida presentada al Señor debe ser expulsado de su pueblo.

26No deben comer la sangre de ningún pájaro o animal en ninguno de sus hogares.

27Cualquiera que coma sangre debe ser expulsado de su pueblo’”.

28Entonces el Señor le dijo a Moisés:

29“Dales estas instrucciones a los israelitas. Diles que si presentas una ofrenda de paz al Señor debes traer parte de ella como un regalo especial para el Señor.

30Debes traer personalmente las ofrendas de comida al Señor; deben traer la grasa así como el pecho, y mecer el pecho como ofrenda mecida ante el Señor.

31El sacerdote quemará la grasa en el altar, pero el pecho es para Aarón y sus hijos.

32Dale el muslo derecho al sacerdote como contribución de tu ofrenda de paz.

33El sacerdote como descendiente de Aarón que ofrece la sangre y la grasa de la ofrenda de paz tiene el muslo derecho como su parte.

34He requerido de los israelitas el pecho de la ofrenda mecida y la contribución del muslo de sus ofrendas de paz, y se las he dado a Aarón el sacerdote y a sus hijos como su parte de los israelitas para siempre”.

35Esta es la parte de las ofrendas de alimentos entregadas al Señor que pertenece a Aarón y sus hijos desde el día en que fueron designados para servir al Señor como sacerdotes.

36Desde el día en que fueron ungidos, el Señor ordenó que esto les fuera dado por los hijos de Israel. Es su parte para las generaciones futuras.

37Estas son las regulaciones con respecto al holocausto, la ofrenda de grano, la ofrenda por el pecado, la ofrenda por la culpa, la ofrenda de ordenación y la ofrenda de paz.

38El Señor se las dio a Moisés en el Monte Sinaí en el momento en que ordenó a los israelitas que le dieran sus ofrendas en el desierto del Sinaí.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

The laws for the priests continue: the guilt offering (which involves reparation for a specific wrong) and detailed rules for the peace offering, including the time limit for eating the meat and the portion belonging to the priests.

Explanation

The "guilt offering" differs from the "sin offering" in that it deals with concrete damages requiring reparation to someone (a person or the sanctuary itself), joining spiritual repentance with practical responsibility. The requirement to eat the meat of the peace offering within two days (never on the third) prevented waste and spoilage in a hot climate without refrigeration — a rule as practical as it was spiritual. The breast and thigh of the animal were reserved for the priests as their sustenance for their service. The application today: caring for those who serve the community of faith is an ancient biblical principle, not a modern invention.

Fun facts

  • The prohibition against eating meat "on the third day" has an interesting parallel with the manna in the wilderness, which also spoiled if kept beyond the appointed time (Exodus 16:20).
  • The "wave breast" and the "heave shoulder," given to the priests, were considered the best parts of the animal — a practical acknowledgment that those who minister at the altar also need to eat.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Levítico 7:1This opening formula gives the trespass offering its own block of formal rules, the same way the previous chapters did for the burnt offering, the meat offering, and the sin offering.
  2. Levítico 7:2The trespass offering was killed in the same place as the burnt offering, with the blood sprinkled around the altar — the initial steps were standard, repeated in almost every kind of blood sacrifice.
  3. Levítico 7:3The tail and the fat that covers the inward parts went on the altar — the same list of valued parts seen in the other sacrifices, applied here to the trespass offering.
  4. Levítico 7:4Kidneys, the fat around them, and the caul above the liver completed the list of parts to be burned — the same technical pattern repeated in almost every offering involving blood.
  5. Levítico 7:5The trespass offering is also classified as “an offering made by fire,” the same category used for the burnt offering and the sin offering — the fat went on the altar the same way.
  6. Levítico 7:6Just like the sin offering, the trespass offering was also “most holy”: only male priests could eat of it, and always within the sacred area.
  7. Levítico 7:7The text makes it explicit: the sin offering and the trespass offering followed the same law, and the meat belonged to the specific priest who had made atonement — it was not divided equally among everyone.
  8. Levítico 7:8A payment detail not mentioned before: the priest who offered someone’s burnt offering kept the animal’s hide — another form of income tied to the ritual work.
  9. Levítico 7:9Meat offerings baked in the oven, fried in a pan, or cooked on a griddle belonged to the priest who personally presented them at the altar — the income went directly to whoever did the work.
  10. Levítico 7:10Raw meat offerings, though, whether mixed with oil or dry, were divided equally among all of Aaron’s sons — a difference in criteria: whatever required more work from a specific priest stayed with him; the rest was shared out.
  11. Levítico 7:11This opening formula gathers, from here on, the detailed rules of the peace offering — the same offering described in chapter 3, now from the standpoint of how it was eaten and shared.
  12. Levítico 7:12The peace offering for thanksgiving came together with bread, both unleavened and leavened — unlike the meat offering, which only allowed unleavened bread. Here the bread was part of a festive meal of gratitude, not an offering to be burned on its own.
  13. Levítico 7:13Unlike the ordinary meat offering, which never carried leaven, leavened bread could also accompany the sacrifice of thanksgiving here — except that this bread did not go up on the altar, it was kept for the meal.
  14. Levítico 7:14One sample of each kind of bread brought became a separate portion for the priest who sprinkled the sacrifice’s blood — once again, the payment was tied to whoever performed the ritual.
  15. Levítico 7:15The meat of the sacrifice “for thanksgiving,” a variation of the peace offering made out of spontaneous gratitude, had to be eaten the same day, with nothing left until morning. Probably because of how meat kept in the heat, but it also reinforced that this was a celebratory meal, not stored food.
  16. Levítico 7:16If the offering was a vow or a voluntary gesture, rather than spontaneous gratitude, there was more time allowed: the meat could be eaten the same day or the next, unlike the thanksgiving offering of verse 15.
  17. Levítico 7:17Even with this longer window, there was an absolute limit: any meat still left by the third day had to be burned, no matter the type of peace offering.
  18. Levítico 7:18Eating it on the third day voided the whole offering, as if it had never been made, and it still counted against the one who ate it — probably because, in the region’s heat, meat kept that long was no longer fit to eat.
  19. Levítico 7:19Meat that touched something unclean had to be burned, never eaten; meat that stayed clean, on the other hand, could be eaten by anyone in the family, not just by the priests.
  20. Levítico 7:20Eating the meat of a peace offering while unclean was punished by being “cut off from his people” — a phrase repeated throughout the book whose exact meaning scholars still debate, possibly expulsion from the community, an early death seen as punishment, or execution. What is agreed is that it was the harshest punishment prescribed, reserved for those who disrespected what was sacred on purpose.
  21. Levítico 7:21The list of contacts that disqualified someone from eating the meat of the peace offering included touching human uncleanness, an unclean animal, or anything considered abominable — the same severe penalty as the previous verse.
  22. Levítico 7:22This opening formula introduces a new block of dietary rules, this time about fat and blood, valid for the people in general, not just for priests.
  23. Levítico 7:23The ban on eating the fat of ox, sheep, or goat focuses precisely on the three animals most used in sacrifices — tying this dietary rule directly to the offering system.
  24. Levítico 7:24Fat from an animal that died on its own or was torn by another beast could be used for other practical purposes, it just could not become food. The ban was specifically about eating, not about any use of the fat.
  25. Levítico 7:25Eating the fat of an animal used in an offering made by fire carried the harshest penalty in the book: being “cut off from his people” — unlike the fat of an animal that died by accident, which could have other uses, as seen in verse 24.
  26. Levítico 7:26This ban on eating blood applied at home, in everyday life, not only in the sacrifices offered at the sanctuary. It is one of the few laws in this passage that became a permanent dietary rule for ordinary people, not just for the priests’ ritual context.
  27. Levítico 7:27The same severe penalty of being “cut off from his people,” seen for someone who ate sacrificial fat, also applied to someone who ate blood — the two bans always went together throughout the book.
  28. Levítico 7:28This opening formula introduces the final rules of the peace offering: how the offerer himself took part physically in presenting his offering.
  29. Levítico 7:29Whoever brought a peace offering could not simply have it delivered — he had to bring his own offering personally to the LORD, taking part in the process from start to finish.
  30. Levítico 7:30“Waving” the offering was a specific ritual gesture: the person held the breast and the fat of the animal and moved it back and forth before the altar, physically presenting the offering before handing it over to the priest.
  31. Levítico 7:31After the waving gesture, the priest burned the fat on the altar, and the breast was kept as a portion of income for Aaron and his sons.
  32. Levítico 7:32The “right shoulder,” the animal’s right foreleg, was given as payment to the priest who took part in the sacrifice, together with the breast. This was how the priests, who had no land to farm and no flock of their own, received their income — a physical share of every sacrifice brought by the people.
  33. Levítico 7:33The animal’s right shoulder went specifically to the priest who had handled the blood and the fat of that sacrifice — another case of payment tied to whoever did the work, not divided among everyone.
  34. Levítico 7:34This verse sums up the reason: the wave breast and the heave shoulder were taken from every peace offering of the people and given permanently to Aaron and his sons, as a fixed part of the priests’ income.
  35. Levítico 7:35This bundle of portions — breast and shoulder from every peace offering — was called the “portion” of Aaron and his sons, their payment from the day they took up the priesthood.
  36. Levítico 7:36The text reinforces that this division of portions was not a temporary arrangement: it became a permanent law, valid for all the generations of priests that followed.
  37. Levítico 7:37This verse works as a summary: it lists all at once every type of offering explained since chapter 1 — burnt offering, meat offering, sin offering, trespass offering, consecration, and peace offering.
  38. Levítico 7:38The chapter closes by recalling where and when all this was given: on Mount Sinai, while the people were still camped in the wilderness, before continuing their journey.

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