Proverbios 23

VBL · Chapter 23/31

1Cuando te sientes a comer con un gobernante, ten cuidado con lo que te sirven,

2y ponte límites si tienes mucha hambre.

3No seas glotón en sus finos banquetes, porque lo ofrecen con motivaciones engañosas.

4No te desgastes tratando de volverte rico. ¡Sé sabio y no te afanes en ello!

5La riqueza desaparece en un abrir y cerrar de ojos, abriendo repentinamente alas, y volando al cielo como el águila.

6No aceptes ir a comer con personas mezquinas, ni codicies sus finos banquetes,

7porque tal como son sus pensamientos, así son ellos. Ellos dicen: “¡Ven, come y bebe!” Pero en sus mentes no tienen ningún interés en ti.

8Vomitarás cada pedazo que hayas comido, y las palabras de aprecio se habrán consumido.

9No hables con los tontos porque ellos se burlarán de tus palabras sabias.

10No muevas las fronteras antiguas, y no invadas los campos que pertenecen a huérfanos,

11porque su Protector es poderoso y él peleará su caso contra ti.

12Enfoca tu mente en la instrucción; escucha las palabras de conocimiento.

13No evites disciplinar a tus hijos, pues un golpe no los matará.

14Si corriges con castigo físico a tu hijo, lo salvarás de la muerte.

15Hijo mío, si piensas con sabiduría me harás feliz;

16Me deleitaré cuando hables con rectitud.

17No mires a los pecadores con envidia, sino recuerda siempre honrar al Señor,

18porque ciertamente hay un futuro para ti, y tu esperanza no será destruida.

19Presta atención, hijo mío, y sé sabio. Asegúrate de enfocar tu mente en seguir el camino recto.

20No te juntes con los que beben mucho vino, o con los que se sacian de carne.

21Porque los que se emborrachan y comen de más, pierden todo lo que tienen; y pasan el tiempo adormilados, por lo cual solo les quedan trapos para vestir.

22Presta atención a tu padre, y no rechaces a tu madre cuando sea vieja.

23Invierte en tener la verdad y no la vendas. Invierte en la sabiduría, la instrucción y la inteligencia.

24Los hijos que hacen el bien alegran a sus padres; un hijo sabio trae alegría a su padre.

25Haz que tu padre y tu madre se alegren; trae alegría a la que te parió.

26Hijo mío, dame toda tu atención, y sigue mi ejemplo con alegría.

27Una prostituta es como quedar atrapado en un foso. La mujer inmoral es como quedar atrapado en un pozo estrecho.

28Tal como un ladrón, ella se recuesta para esperar y agarrar a los hombres por sorpresa, para que sean infieles a sus mujeres.

29¿Quién estará en problemas? ¿Quién sufrirá dolor? ¿Quién estará en discusión? ¿Quién se quejará? ¿Quién saldrá lastimado sin razón alguna? ¿Quién tendrá los ojos enrojecidos?

30Los que pasan mucho tiempo bebiendo vino, los que siempre están probando un nuevo cóctel.

31No dejes que la apariencia del vino te tiente, ya sea por su color rojo o por sus burbujas en la copa, o por la suavidad con que se asienta.

32Al final morderá como una serpiente, y te causará dolor como víbora.

33Alucinarás, verás cosas extrañas, y tu mente confundida te hará decir toda clase de locuras.

34Te tropezarás como si rodaras por el océano. Serás sacudido como quien se recuesta en el mástil de una embarcación, diciendo:

35“La gente me golpeó, pero no me dolió; me dieron azotes, pero no sentí nada. Ahora debo levantarme porque necesito otro trago”.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

"The words of the wise" continue, with counsel on table manners before rulers, moderation in working for wealth, and the importance of buying the truth and not selling it. The chapter strongly warns against excessive wine.

Explanation

The instructions on behavior at a ruler's table (verses 1-3) reflect practical concerns of court etiquette, relevant to anyone seeking social advancement through service to those in authority in the ancient Near East. The vivid description of the effects of excessive wine — double vision, incoherent speech, unfelt wounds (verses 29-35) — is one of the most detailed and realistic descriptions of drunkenness in all of biblical literature. Application for today: pursuing truth as something so valuable it should never be traded away, even under social pressure or the desire to please those in power.

Fun facts

  • The description of drunkenness in the closing verses ("thou shalt be as he that lieth down in the midst of the sea") is considered by medical historians to be one of the oldest and most precise literary descriptions of the symptoms of severe alcohol intoxication.
  • The advice not to eat "the bread of him that hath an evil eye" (verse 6) refers to a host who offers food with false hospitality while secretly counting the cost — a common cultural critique of social hypocrisy also found in Egyptian wisdom texts.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Proverbios 23:1Opens a piece of social etiquette advice: when eating with someone powerful, paying attention to what’s in front of you is a way to keep discernment even in situations involving status.
  2. Proverbios 23:2The violent image is a deliberate exaggeration meant to say “control your appetite as seriously as you’d avoid a knife to your throat” — it isn’t a literal instruction for self-harm. The context is dining with someone powerful, a situation where eating in moderation was a sign of self-control and respect.
  3. Proverbios 23:3Warns against craving a ruler’s abundant food too much, because there may be hidden motives behind that kind of hospitality — “deceitful meat” suggests the generosity may be self-serving.
  4. Proverbios 23:4Advises against wearing yourself out trying to get rich at any cost — recommends using good sense to recognize when to stop, rather than pursuing wealth without limit.
  5. Proverbios 23:5Compares wealth to something that can vanish suddenly, as if it grew wings and flew away — a warning that money isn’t a safe foundation to build life on.
  6. Proverbios 23:6Repeats the chapter’s opening warning: avoid the hospitality of whoever has bad intentions, described as having an “evil eye,” even if the food looks appealing.
  7. Proverbios 23:7Explains the reason for the previous warning: the invitation may be false on the inside, since the heart of the host isn’t actually aligned with the polite words being offered.
  8. Proverbios 23:8Describes the feeling of discovering you’ve been deceived after already accepting the invitation — the discomfort of realizing too late that the kind words weren’t sincere.
  9. Proverbios 23:9Advises against wasting wisdom on whoever won’t value it — the fool despises any advice, so insisting with him is just wasted effort.
  10. Proverbios 23:10Repeats the warning about moving land markers, already seen in 22:28, now tied specifically to stealing land from orphans. They were people with no father to defend the property in court, and so an easy target for this kind of fraud at the time.
  11. Proverbios 23:11Explains why one shouldn’t encroach on an orphan’s inheritance: they have a powerful defender — associated with God — who will take up their cause against whoever tries to harm them.
  12. Proverbios 23:12Returns to the direct appeal for attention and discipline, a pattern repeated across several chapters, setting the stage for the specific advice that follows.
  13. Proverbios 23:13The “rod” again refers to the physical discipline common in child-rearing at the time, and the verse reassures the reader that moderate punishment isn’t cause for death — a comment that only makes sense if there was real fear of overdoing it. It isn’t a standalone recommendation, it’s part of a set of verses repeating this idea (13:24, 22:15, 29:15).
  14. Proverbios 23:14Continues the theme of physical discipline in the child-rearing of the time, stating that this kind of correction helps rescue the child from a worse fate in the future — it reflects an ancient educational custom.
  15. Proverbios 23:15Expresses a father’s genuine joy at seeing his own son grow in wisdom — a rare, direct emotional moment amid the book’s practical advice.
  16. Proverbios 23:16Reinforces the emotion of the previous verse with another bodily image — the kidneys, associated in Hebrew thought with the deepest emotions — describing the joy of hearing a son speak with integrity.
  17. Proverbios 23:17Advises against envying those who live in sin, even if they seem to succeed, and to keep reverence for God as a constant priority, every day.
  18. Proverbios 23:18Promises that there is a guaranteed future reward for whoever lives this way — the expectation of a good life will not be cut short or disappointed.
  19. Proverbios 23:19Returns to the appeal for attention and wisdom, introducing the next theme about the dangers of excess food and drink.
  20. Proverbios 23:20Warns against keeping company with drunkards and gluttons — the kind of people you spend time with directly shapes your own behavior and destiny.
  21. Proverbios 23:21Explains the practical consequence of excess: too much drink and food lead to poverty, and the excessive sleep that comes with these habits leaves a person careless even about their own appearance.
  22. Proverbios 23:22Asks the reader to keep listening to their parents even into adulthood, and especially not to despise their mother when she grows old — reinforces ongoing respect for parents, not only in childhood.
  23. Proverbios 23:23Compares truth, wisdom, discipline, and prudence to something so valuable it’s worth investing to acquire, but that should never be traded or sold once gained.
  24. Proverbios 23:24Describes the genuine joy of parents watching a child grow up righteous and wise — repeats and reinforces the emotion already expressed in verses 15 and 16.
  25. Proverbios 23:25Repeats the invitation to bring joy to one’s parents through a well-lived life — the child’s behavior is treated as something that directly affects the emotional well-being of whoever raised them.
  26. Proverbios 23:26Asks the son to truly give his heart and pay close attention to his father’s example — introduces the following warning about the dangers of the strange woman.
  27. Proverbios 23:27Repeats the image already seen in earlier chapters: the prostitute and the strange woman are compared to a narrow pit or well, a danger disguised as opportunity.
  28. Proverbios 23:28Describes this woman as acting like a robber, lying in wait, increasing the number of men who become corrupted because of her.
  29. Proverbios 23:29A series of rhetorical questions that already anticipates the answer in the next verse — describes symptoms of suffering, strife, and red eyes as the result of one and the same habit.
  30. Proverbios 23:30Answers the previous verse’s questions: all these problems belong to whoever spends too much time drinking, especially mixed and stronger drinks.
  31. Proverbios 23:31The passage from 23:29 to 35 is one of the book’s few long, narrative descriptions, almost a hangover portrait told in the first person. Here wine is described as visually appealing before turning to poison in the next verse, to show how immediate pleasure hides the real effect.
  32. Proverbios 23:32Describes wine’s delayed effect as that of a venomous snake — the initial pleasure hides a harm that only shows up later, when it’s already too late.
  33. Proverbios 23:33Describes the effects of drunkenness going beyond the physical: it affects moral judgment too, making a person crave strange women and speak perverse things.
  34. Proverbios 23:34Compares the feeling of being drunk to sleeping in the middle of the sea or atop a mast — a loss of balance and awareness that puts the person in danger without them noticing.
  35. Proverbios 23:35Closes the chapter describing addiction: even after suffering physical consequences without feeling the pain, the person already thinks about drinking again as soon as they wake up — the cycle of addiction described with precision.

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