Job 20

VBL · Chapter 20/42

1Entonces Zofar el naamatita respondió y dijo:

2“¡Me veo obligado a responder porque estoy muy molesto!

3¡Lo que te oigo decir me ofende, pero sé cómo responderte!

4“¿No sabes que desde la antigüedad, desde que los seres humanos fueron puestos en esta tierra,

5el triunfo de los malvados no dura mucho tiempo, y que los que rechazan a Dios sólo son felices por poco tiempo?

6Aunque sean tan altos que lleguen a los cielos, aunque sus cabezas toquen las nubes,

7se desvanecerán para siempre como sus propios excrementos. Las personas que los conocían

8se desvanecerán como un sueño, para no ser encontrados nunca, huyendo como una visión de la noche.

9Los que una vez los vieron no los verán más; sus familias no volverán a poner los ojos en ellos.

10Sus hijos tendrán que pagar a los pobres y tendrán que devolver sus riquezas.

11Aunque los malvados tengan cuerpos jóvenes y fuertes, morirán y serán enterrados.

12“Aunque el mal sabe dulce en sus bocas y lo esconden bajo sus lenguas,

13no lo dejan ir sino que lo mantienen en sus bocas,

14y en sus estómagos se vuelve amargo, volviéndose como veneno de serpiente dentro de ellos.

15Se tragan las riquezas y las vuelven a vomitar; Dios las expulsa de sus estómagos.

16Aspiran veneno de serpiente; la mordedura de la víbora los matará.

17No vivirán para disfrutar de los arroyos, de los ríos de leche y miel.

18Tendrán que devolver lo que han ganado y no tendrán ningún beneficio; no disfrutarán de ninguna de sus ganancias.

19Porque han oprimido y han abandonado a los pobres; se han apoderado de casas que no construyeron.

20Porque su codicia nunca fue satisfecha, no queda nada que les guste y que no hayan consumido.

21Nada escapa a sus voraces apetitos, por lo que su felicidad no dura mucho.

22“Incluso cuando los malvados tienen todo lo que desean, se enfrentan a problemas; toda clase de miseria caerá sobre ellos.

23Mientras están ocupados llenando sus estómagos, la hostilidad de Dios arderá contra ellos, y caerá como lluvia sobre ellos.

24Mientras huyen para escapar de un arma de hierro, una flecha de bronce los alcanzará.

25La flecha sale de su vesícula biliar, brillando con sangre. Están absolutamente aterrorizados.

26Todo lo que valoran desaparecerá en la oscuridad; el fuego divino los destruirá; todo lo que les queda se convertirá en humo.

27Los cielos revelarán lo que han hecho mal; la tierra se levantará contra ellos.

28Todos sus bienes serán sacados de sus casas; serán arrastrados en el día del juicio de Dios.

29Esta es la parte que los impíos reciben de Dios, la herencia que Dios dice que deben tener”.

📖 Chapter study

Summary

Zophar takes the floor again, offended by Job's response, and describes how the triumph of the wicked is as brief as a dream that vanishes upon waking. He details how wealth gained unjustly will turn to poison within the one who hoarded it.

Explanation

Zophar's second speech is clearly driven by personal offense ("I have heard the check of my reproach"), showing how the theological debate had also become an emotional confrontation between the participants. The vivid images of food turning to poison and riches being vomited back up illustrate the belief that gains obtained through oppression and injustice inevitably turn against the one who accumulated them, even if they seemed sweet for a time. Application for today: wealth or advantages gained at the expense of exploiting others bring, sooner or later, destructive consequences for those who pursue them that way.

Fun facts

  • The image of ill-gotten wealth turning into "the gall of asps" within a person (verse 14) uses the venom of serpents, a real and feared danger in the Near Eastern desert, as a powerful metaphor for the delayed but certain consequences of injustice.
  • This speech of Zophar's is his last in the book — unlike Eliphaz and Bildad, who each speak three times, Zophar has no third speech recorded in the current Hebrew text, a structural peculiarity noted by scholars of the book.

Verse-by-verse explanation

  1. Job 20:1Zophar’s second and final speech — he never appears a third time in the cycle, which puzzles scholars: is the text incomplete, or is that intentional?
  2. Job 20:2Zophar returns for the last time, saying his own thoughts compel him to answer quickly — he is visibly unsettled by Job’s final warning in the previous chapter.
  3. Job 20:3Zophar feels insulted by Job’s rebuke and says his understanding will answer for him — a defensive reaction before launching into his speech.
  4. Job 20:4Zophar appeals to ancient wisdom, “since man was placed upon earth” — he wants to give what he is about to say universal weight.
  5. Job 20:5The central thesis of Zophar’s second speech: the joy of the wicked is short, lasting only a moment — however great it may seem, it does not hold up.
  6. Job 20:6Even if the wicked man’s height reached the heavens, Zophar says, that would not change his fate — the size of his success does not stop the fall.
  7. Job 20:7The comparison with “his own dung” is deliberately humiliating — Zophar describes a disappearance as total as it is degrading.
  8. Job 20:8Like a dream that flies away and vanishes, the wicked man disappears — reinforcing the idea that his prosperity was never solid, just a passing illusion.
  9. Job 20:9Whoever has seen him will never see him again, nor will the place where he lived recognize him — the total erasure of his existence.
  10. Job 20:10This man’s children will have to beg favor from the poor and give back his estate — wealth wrongly gained does not even pass to the next generation.
  11. Job 20:11Even full of youthful vigor, that vigor will only rest with him in the dust — not even physical strength secures anything beyond death itself.
  12. Job 20:12Zophar describes sin as sweet food in the mouth that turns into serpent’s venom in the stomach — the pleasure of evil is fleeting, the consequence is what lasts.
  13. Job 20:13Continuing the image of evil savored as sweet: the wicked man keeps the taste under his tongue, unwilling to let it go, in no hurry to release it.
  14. Job 20:14But that food turns into serpent’s venom inside him — the pleasure of sin sours as soon as it is “digested,” the consequence coming from within.
  15. Job 20:15The riches he swallowed are vomited back up; God expels them from his belly — a violent, humiliating image of losing everything he gained.
  16. Job 20:16He will suck the poison of asps and die by the viper’s tongue — the very greed that consumed him returns as fatal venom.
  17. Job 20:17He will never see the rivers of honey and butter — the image of a land of plenty, like the Promised Land, from which he is excluded precisely because of his greed.
  18. Job 20:18He will have to give back the fruit of his own labor without ever enjoying it — all his effort produces no pleasure in the end.
  19. Job 20:19Zophar finally names the sin: this man oppressed and abandoned the poor, seized a house he did not build — concrete accusations of social injustice.
  20. Job 20:20Because he never feels true satisfaction, he lets nothing escape his greed — and it is exactly this limitless greed that will cause his ruin.
  21. Job 20:21Nothing is left after he devours everything — that, Zophar says, is why his prosperity cannot last.
  22. Job 20:22At the height of abundance, anguish arrives, and everyone he oppressed turns against him — the very peak of success already contains the start of the fall.
  23. Job 20:23The image of God raining fury and weapons on the wicked man is almost apocalyptic — Zophar wants to make clear that the fall, when it comes, is violent and total.
  24. Job 20:24Even fleeing one weapon, he is struck by another — Zophar describes a fate with no escape, no matter which direction he turns.
  25. Job 20:25The image of being pierced by an arrow that comes out gleaming from his own gall is graphic and violent — terror already grips him even before the final blow.
  26. Job 20:26A fire “not blown” — that is, not lit by human hand, of supernatural origin — consumes everything left in his tent.
  27. Job 20:27The heavens expose his guilt and the earth rises up against him — the hidden iniquity becomes public, witnessed by all creation.
  28. Job 20:28The goods of his house are carried off on the day of God’s wrath — total material ruin closes out the picture of destruction.
  29. Job 20:29Zophar closes by calling all this the “portion” and “heritage” decreed by God for the wicked man — a generic verdict that, in the context of the debate, points straight at Job.

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